高考英語新人教版必修2一輪復(fù)習(xí)提分單元加餐練第二輯Unit3Computers

Unit3puters單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2017·北京高考)Hollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪惡的)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybeeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics(控制論),putitthisway：“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干預(yù)),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork：wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子誘導(dǎo))nuclearchainreaction.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。人工智能隨著科技的發(fā)展可能超出人類的控制，人類應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對此類安全問題，文章對此進(jìn)行了討論。1．Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay________.A．runoutofhumancontrolB．satisfyhuman'srealdesiresC．mandarmiesofkillerrobotsD．workfasterthanamathematician答案：A段落大意題。由第一段中的“artificialintelligence(AI)maybeeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant”并結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可推斷出，第一段主要告訴我們?nèi)斯ぶ悄芸赡軙?huì)超出人類的控制。故選A。2．Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto________.A．preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedB．a(chǎn)chievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC．doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD．beathumansininternationalchessmatches答案：A推理判斷題。由第二段第一句“Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,one...associatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.”及該段內(nèi)容可知，具有特殊用途的機(jī)器與生物有聯(lián)系，部分是因?yàn)檫@種機(jī)器可能會(huì)防止自己被損害。故答案選A。3．Accordingtosomeresearchers，wecanusefirewallsto________.A．helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB．besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC．keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD．a(chǎn)voidrobots'affectingtheworld答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Someresearchersarguethatwecanseal...neverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.”可知，一些研究者認(rèn)為，我們可以把這些機(jī)器封閉在一種防火墻內(nèi)，用它們來解決難題，但從不允許它們影響真實(shí)世界，故選D項(xiàng)“避免機(jī)器人影響世界”。4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A．ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B．Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C．Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D．Itwillstayforadecade.答案：C推理判斷題。由最后一段首句“SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.”可知，作者認(rèn)為，解決超級(jí)智能機(jī)器的安全問題是可能的，但并非易事。故選C。BModerntechnologyhasastronginfluenceonmanythingswedo.Infact,technologyisshapingalmosteverypartofourday-to-dayexistence,includingeducation.AshokGoelisaprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.Everytermover300graduatestudentstakehisclassonartificialintelligence(AI).Thestudentsnevermeetinperson.Alloftheclassestakeplaceonline—throughawebsite.HavinghundredsofstudentsinaclassmeansAshokGoelhastoanswerthousandsofquestions.Hehaseightteachingassistantstohelphim.Buteventhatisnotenoughtogiveallthestudentsthehelptheyneed.So,inJanuary,hedecidedtotryanexperiment.Atthestartofthespring2016semester,headdedanewmembertohisteachingteam:JillWatson.Shewasabletoanswerquestionsfasterthanmostotherteachingassistants.Andshewasavailable24hoursaday.ItwasonlyattheendofthesemesterthatGoel'sstudentslearnedWatson'ssecret:shewasnotarealperson.JillWatsonisanAIputerprogram.GoelsaysonlytwostudentscameclosetopredictingWatson'strueidentity.Hewasworriedabouttellinghisstudentsbecausehethoughttheywouldnotlikebeingpartoftheexperiment.ButoncetheylearnedWatson'sidentity,theybecameveryexcited.“Then,youknowwhathappened?TheynotonlyaskedthatquestionaboutJill，”“IssheanAI?OncetheidentityofJillwasrevealed,theyalsoaskedifIwasanAI，”hesaid.GoelnowusesWatsonintwoclasses,butstilldoesn'ttellhisstudentswhichofhisteachingassistantsisaputerprogram.Hehopesthistechnologywillmakeiteasierforteacherstocreatetheirprogramstouseinandoutsidetheclassroom.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。全文主要講述了一個(gè)教授在學(xué)生問問題太多、忙不過來的時(shí)候選擇使用人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)程序來輔助教學(xué)的這樣一件事，告訴讀者科學(xué)技術(shù)能夠使教育變得更容易。5．HowdoesGoelgivehisstudentshelp?A．Throughbooks.B．Bywritingtothem.C．Byface-to-faceteaching.D．ThroughtheInternet.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Atthestartofthespring2016semester,headdedanewmembertohisteachingteam:JillWatson....”以及后面的“JillWatsonisanAIputerprogram.”可知，Goel利用人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)程序，給學(xué)生提供幫助，為他們解答難題。故選D。6．WhydidGoeldecidetotryanexperiment?A．Becausesomequestionsweredifficultforassitantstoanswer.B．Becauseitwashardtoanswersomanystudents'questions.C．Becausehewastootiredtoanswerthosequestions.D．Becausehewantedtoimprovestudents'self-studyability.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的前四句可知，因?yàn)橛袔装倜麑W(xué)生問問題，即使有8名助教來幫忙，也很難應(yīng)對。由此，他決定做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，使用人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)程序。故選B。7．What'sthestudents'responsetoJillWatson?A．Beingsurprised. B．Beingindifferent.C．Beingexcited. D．Beingshocked.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“ButoncetheylearnedWatson'sidentity,theybecameveryexcited.”可知，當(dāng)他們得知了Watson的真實(shí)身份，學(xué)生們變得興奮不已。故選C。8．What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．TechnologyMakingEducationEasierB．AshokGoel,aProfessorShapingEducationC．JillWatson,aRealTeachingAssistantD．TheInternetHasaStrongImpactonOurLife.答案：A標(biāo)題判斷題。文章主要講述了一個(gè)教授在學(xué)生問問題太多、忙不過來的時(shí)候選擇使用人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)程序來幫忙的這樣一件事說明科學(xué)技術(shù)能夠使教育變得更容易。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五Youaresittingonthedesk.Ateacheriswritingontheblackboard.Kidsareyellingintheplaygroundoutside.Abookfallsoffthedesknexttoyou.Suddenly,theteacherhandsyouapopquiz.Don'tpanic!__1__You'reina“virtual(虛擬的)classroom”.Everythingyouseeandhearisingtoyouthroughaputer-operateddisplaythatyou'rewearingonyourheadlikeapairofverybigglasses.Wearingthiskindofvirtual-realityequipment,youcanfindyourselfsittinginaclassroom,touringafamousmuseum,wanderingacrossastrangelandscape,flyingintospace,orplayingwithacartooncharacter.__2__Virtual-realityequipmentthatdeliversimagesandsoundsdirectlytoyoureyesandearsmakesthesefakeworldsseemlifelike.Unliketheclassroom,thetechnologyisreal.It'satypeoftechnologythatusesputerprogramstoimitaterealworldsituation.__3__Moviedirectorsandvideogameproducershavebeenusingputersforyearstocreateevermorerealisticspecialeffects.Somepaniesarenowbuildingthree-dimensional(三維)fantasyworldsinwhichplayers,linkedbyputernetworks,appeartomeetandgoonexplorationstogether.__4__Theyseevirtualrealitytechnologyasausefultoolforlearningmoreaboutwhypeopleactastheydo.Itcouldhelppsychologistsdeteridentifyandeupwithsolutionsforbehaviorproblems,forexample.“We'vespentthelast100yearslookingforcertainlawsinhowpeopleinteractwiththerealworld，”sayspsychologistAlbert.“__5__Thisispsychologist'sdream.”A．Youaren'tactuallyinschool.B．Thistechnologyhasbeenusedinmanyfields.C．Somepsychologistsarealsogettingintotheact.D．Grown-ups,too,standachanceofbenefitingfromthistechnology.E．Aspartofoneclassictest,youwatchlettersflashedonaputerscreen.F．Youdon'thavetoleaveyourroomtoexperienceallthatmentionedabove.G．Now,we'vegotapowerfultoolthatletsuscreateworldsandseehowpeopleperform.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，講述了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)可以讓人足不出戶就進(jìn)行各種體驗(yàn)。這種技術(shù)已應(yīng)用在了很多領(lǐng)域，心理學(xué)家們也用這種技術(shù)來解決難題。1．A根據(jù)上文“Don'tpanic！”及下文“You'reina‘virtual(虛擬的)classroom’．”可知，這一句話應(yīng)該是要解釋為什么不要驚慌。故選A。2．F根據(jù)“Wearingthiskindofvirtual-realityequipment,youcanfindyourselfsittinginaclassroom,touringafamousmuseum,wanderingacrossastrangelandscape,flyingintospace,orplayingwithacartooncharacter.”可知，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)裝備可以讓人足不出戶就體驗(yàn)各種情景。故選F。3．B根據(jù)“Moviedirectorsandvideogameproducershavebeenusingputersforyearstocreateevermorerealisticspecialeffects.Somepaniesarenowbuildingthree-dimensional(三維)fantasyworldsinwhichplayers,linkedbyputernetworks,appeartomeetandgoonexplorationstogether.”可知，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)應(yīng)用在了很多領(lǐng)域當(dāng)中。故選B。4．C根據(jù)下文“Itcouldhelppsychologistsdeteridentifyandeupwithsolutionsforbehaviorproblems,forexample.”可知，“Theyseevirtualrealitytechnologyasausefultoolforlearningmoreaboutwhypeopleactastheydo.”中的“They”是指心理學(xué)家。故選C。5．G根據(jù)“Thisispsychologist'sdream.”可知，本處應(yīng)該填心理學(xué)家的夢想。故選G。Ⅲ.語法填空Flyingcarsmaysoonbeea__1__(real).TherideshareserviceUberhasasked__2__expertfromNASA,theAmericanspaceagency,__3__(help)thepanydevelopcarsthatcanfly.Uberplanstouseflyingvehicles__4__thefuturetoavoidtrafficinandaroundcities.Thepanywantstouseasmall,totallyelectricaircraft,__5__cantakeoffandlandlikeahelicopterontopofparkinggarages.Ubersaiditsflyingvehicleswouldbemuch__6__(quiet),costlesstooperateandproducelesspollutionthanhelicopters.OnepersoninSanFranciscowroteonTwitter(推特),“Iusedtothinkthatflyingcars__7__(be)aridiculousidea.__8__IchangedmymindthismorningwhenIsatinaheavytraffic.”AnotherpersonaddedfromMumhai,India,“I'mreadingaboutUber__9__(hire)aNASAengineertobuildflyingcars,whileI'mstuckintraffic.Thereishope.”Theexpertpredictstherewillbeseveralearlymodelsofcarsthatcan'tfly__10__(they)butwithhumanpilotswithinonetothreeyears.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了Uber公司正在研發(fā)飛行汽車，這種汽車操作噪聲小、耗能低、污染少。1．reality考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：飛行汽車可能很快成為現(xiàn)實(shí)?？崭袂坝胁欢ü谠~“a”限定，空格處應(yīng)用名詞，因此用所給詞real的名詞形式reality。2．a(chǎn)n考查冠詞。句意：Uber拼車公司已經(jīng)邀請了一名來自美國航空機(jī)構(gòu)——美國航空航天局的專家?guī)椭邪l(fā)一種可飛行的汽車。此處泛指一名專家，且expert的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an。3．tohelp考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。asksb.todosth.是常用短語，意為“要某人做某事”。故填tohelp。4．in考查介詞。固定短語inthefuture“在未來，在將來”。故填in。5．which考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：Uber公司想利用一種體積小、完全由電力供能的飛行器，這種飛行器能像直升機(jī)一樣在停車場上空起飛和著陸?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞“aircraft”，在從句中作主語。故填which。6．quieter考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的連詞“than”可知，此處用比較級(jí)形式。故填quieter。7．was考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；主語“flyingcars”表示的是一類事物，并結(jié)合空格后的“aridiculousidea”可知，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填was。8．But考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表