2024屆安徽省巢湖市部分學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期一模考試英語試題（含答案解析）

2024普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試模擬卷英語（四）時量：120分鐘滿分：150分注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等填寫在答題卡上和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。1．Whendidthewomanarrive?A．8:00a.m.B．8:30a.m.C．8:45a.m.2．Whatisthetaxrate?A．2%.B．4%.C．10%.3．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Helikesreadingbooks.B．Heisalwaysorganized.C．Hemanageshistimebetter.4．Howwillthemantraveltohismeeting?A．Bycar.B．Bytrain.C．Bytaxi.5．Whatisthewoman’sattitudetothedishes?A．Shethinksitjustso-so.B．Shedislikesit.C．Shelikesitverymuch.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whereisthemangoing?A．Thecinema.B．Thelibrary.C．Theclassroom.7．Whatdoesthewomanlikedoing?A．Readingbooks.B．Writingreports.C．Doingexperiments.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．WhatisSimondoingnow?A．Swimming.B．Reading.C．Sleeping.9．HowdidSimontravelaround?A．Bybus.B．Bycar.C．Bybike.10．WhywereJohn’sclotheswet?A．Hewascaughtintherain.B．Hefellintothewater.C．Hesweatedheavily.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatpartywillthewomanattend?A．Ahouse-warmingparty.B．Abirthdayparty.C．Afarewellparty.12．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Neighbours.B．Colleagues.C．Classmates.13．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomanbring?A．HeriPad.B．Somebeer.C．Somejuice.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14．Whendotheguysgotothebeach?A．EverySaturdayafternoon.B．LastAugust.C．LastApril15．Whatdotheydoatthebeach?A．Doingbeachcleanups.B．Doingsometraining.C．Joiningashowprogram.16．Wheredoesthewomanadvicethemantogo?A．BeachCaptains.B．TheAquarium.C．SaturdayWarriors.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．WhydidGrandpaPandettigotothevillage?A．Tobuyamirror.B．Totradehisgoods.C．Tovisithisfamily.18．WhatdidGrandpaPandettidowhenhereturnedhome?A．Hehungthemirroronthewall.B．Hetoldhisfamilyaboutthemirror.C．Hemadedinnerforhimself.19．WhatdidthePandettisdointheend?A．Theysmiledwhenevertheylookedinthemirror.B．Theytookthemirroroffthewall.C．Theymadefriendswithstrangers.20．Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A．Lifeinthemountains.B．ThePandettis’goods.C．Aspecialpresentforafamily.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATherearethousandsofpuzzlestochoosefromforyou,suchasjigsawpuzzles,puzzlebooksandmore.Theyallhavesomethingincommon:theytestyourskillsorknowledge.Herearefourofthemostcommon:WordpuzzlesOneofthemostpopularwordpuzzles—thecrossword.Itcanbedonewithpaperandpenciloronline.Sometimeswordpuzzlesinvolvefindingnewwordswithinalargegroupofletters.Thistypeofwordpuzzleiscalledawordsearch.Wordpuzzlesusuallytestyourvocabulary.Knowingthelanguagethatthegameisdesignedinisrequiredforsuccess,however.MechanicalpuzzlesMechanicalpuzzleshavepiecesthatmustbearrangedinsomeway.Theworld’sbest-sellingpuzzle,theRubik’sCube,isamechanicalpuzzle.Asof2020,over450millionRubik’sCubeshadbeensold.Jigsawpuzzlesalsofallintothiscategory.Theytypicallyinvolveputtingpiecesintherightplacetoformapicture.Jigsawpuzzleshavefromtwotoover550000pieces—thelargestoneonrecord.LogicpuzzlesFiguringoutthesolutiontoalogicpuzzlerequirescarefulthoughtratherthanguessing.SudokuandMineFinderareexamplesoflogicpuzzles.InMineFinderplayersmustdeterminewheretheminesarehiddeninagrid.MathpuzzlesMathpuzzlesinvolvenumbers,wordsorobjectsandtheuseofmath.Surprisingly,theever-popularCandyCrushisclassifiedasamathpuzzle.Mathskillsarerequiredforplayerstosuccessfullymoveandmatchcoloredcandies.Therearemanyotherkindsofpuzzles.Butnomatterwhichyouprefer,puzzlesareagreatwaytoentertain.1.Whatarethefourpuzzlessimilartoeachother?A.Requiringtoomuchtimeandenergy. B.Examiningyourskillsorknowledge.C.Requiringcarefulthoughtratherthanguessing. D.Knowingmuchknowledgeaboutalanguage.2.Whichoneisclassifiedas“Logicpuzzle”?A.MineFinder. B.TheRubik’sCube. C.Jigsawpuzzles. D.CandyCrush.3.Inwhichsectioncanthetextbefoundinamagazine?A.Languagestudy. B.Studyskills. C.Scienceexperiments. D.Entertainment.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章簡要介紹了四種常見的解謎游戲。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Theyallhavesomethingincommon:theytestyourskillsorknowledge.(它們都有一個共同點：它們測試你的技能或知識)”可知，四種解謎游戲的共同之處在于：它們測試你的技能或知識。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Logicpuzzles中關(guān)鍵句“SudokuandMineFinderareexamplesoflogicpuzzles.(數(shù)獨和MineFinder都是邏輯謎題的例子)”可知，MineFinder是邏輯謎題。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Therearemanyotherkindsofpuzzles.Butnomatterwhichyouprefer,puzzlesareagreatwaytoentertain.(還有許多其他類型的謎題。但無論你喜歡哪一種，謎題都是一種很好的娛樂方式)”可知，解謎游戲是一種好的娛樂方式，所以本文會出現(xiàn)在雜志的“娛樂”板塊。故選D。BMaxDuwontheCanada-WideScienceFair.Hisprojectisadrone(無人機)tosavepeoplewhogointocardiac(心臟的)arrest.MaxgottheinspirationduringChristmasbreaklastyear.“Igotatoydronefrommyparents,butIcouldn’tflyitbecauseitissnowy.”Maxsaid.“SoIplayedwithitathome,anditgotmethinkinghowadronecouldbeusedasanindoorrobotthatcouldhelppeople.”About35,000peoplehavecardiacarrestsinCanadaeachyear.Mostofthosehappenoutsideofahospital,ofwhomfewerthan10percentsurvive.Maxbelievedadronecouldofferfastersupportandlife-savingmedicine,buthehadtobuildithimselftoknowforsure.Testinghisdronetookaboutsixmonths.Max’sparentshadtodealwiththeirson’sconstantlyflyingandcrashinginthehome.EverytimeMaxwouldcreateanexcitinginnovation,suchasanextendablearm,itwouldaddextraweighttohisdrone,causingittobreakapart.ThenMaxwouldhavetobuyallnewparts.Maxtestedusingmorelightweightmaterialsuntilhisdesignwasmorebalanced.Throughtrialanderror,the14-year-oldboyfinallygotitright.Hisdronecanopenadoorhandle,flyintheairandthenlandsoftlyontheground.Anewextendablearmcanbereleasedtoadministerashotorhandapatientlifesavingmedicine.Abuilt-incameracoulddirectlyconferencewithanemergencyresponseteamwhosememberscouldmonitorthepatientremotely.Maxplansonapplyingforapatent(專利)sohecanmakeconnectionsinthehealth-careindustrytogetitmadeforreal.He’sspenthissummerlearningaboutartificialintelligenceatCalifornia’sStanfordUniversityasoneof32kidsselectedworldwide.He’llheadnexttotheUniversityofPennsylvaniatotakeacollege-levelroboticsclassbeforereturningtohighschoolinSeptember.4.WhydidMaxDudesignadronebyhimself?A.Hehadsympathyforthosewithheartattacks.B.HehadnothingtodoinChristmasholidays.C.Hewanteduseittohelphisparents.D.Hetriedtomakeitflyinthesnow.5.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraphs2and3?A.MostofthepeoplewithcardiacarrestsinCanadacansurvive.B.Max’sparentswereunwillingtohelpduringhisdronedesign.C.It’sveryimportanttocontrolthebalanceofthedrone.DMax’sdesignoftheextendablearmisverysmooth.6.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theinstructionsforusingthedrone.B.Thereasonforapplyingforapatent.C.TheprocessofMax’ssuccess.D.Thefunctionsofthenewdrone.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMax?A.Considerateandbrave.B.Talentedandcreative.C.Cleverandhonest.D.Helpfulandloyal.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了一位14歲的少年設(shè)計用于救助心臟病人的無人機并因此獲獎的故事?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Max所說的話“SoIplayedwithitathome,anditgotmethinkinghowadronecouldbeusedasanindoorrobotthatcouldhelppeople.(所以我在家里玩它，它讓我思考如何將無人機用作室內(nèi)機器人去幫助人們)”和第二段“Maxbelievedadronecouldofferfastersupportandlife-savingmedicine,buthehadtobuildithimselftoknowforsure.(Max相信無人機可以提供更快的支持和救命的藥物，但他必須自己制造出來才能確定)”可知，他的無人機是用來幫助心臟驟停的病人的，表明他很同情患有心臟病的人。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段“EverytimeMaxwouldcreateanexcitinginnovation,suchasanextendablearm,itwouldaddextraweighttohisdrone,causingittobreakapart.ThenMaxwouldhavetobuyallnewparts.Maxtestedusingmorelightweightmaterialsuntilhisdesignwasmorebalanced.(每次Max創(chuàng)造一個令人興奮的創(chuàng)新時，比如一個可伸展的機械臂，就會給他的無人機增加額外的重量，導(dǎo)致它摔碎。Max不得不買新的零件。Max使用更輕的材料進行測試，直到他的設(shè)計更加平衡)”可知，可伸展的機械臂會給無人機增加額外的重量導(dǎo)致它四分五裂。Max需要使用更輕的材料使他的設(shè)計更加平衡。由此可見，控制無人機的平衡是很重要的。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀第四段“Throughtrialanderror,the14-year-oldboyfinallygotitright.Hisdronecanopenadoorhandle,flyintheairandthenlandsoftlyontheground.Anewextendablearmcanbereleasedtoadministerashotorhandapatientlifesavingmedicine.Abuilt-incameracoulddirectlyconferencewithanemergencyresponseteamwhosememberscouldmonitorthepatientremotely.(經(jīng)過反復(fù)試驗，這個14歲的男孩終于成功了。他的無人機可以打開門把手，在空中飛行，然后輕輕地降落在地面上。一種新型的可伸縮手臂可以被釋放出來進行注射或遞給病人救命的藥物。內(nèi)置攝像頭可以直接與應(yīng)急小組進行會議，其成員可以遠程監(jiān)控病人)”可知，本段的主要部分，即第二句到第四句都是介紹Max的無人機的功能。因此本段主要是關(guān)于無人機的功能。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由全文所說的Max自己設(shè)計救助心臟病人的無人機表明Max很有創(chuàng)造力，最后一段“He’sspenthissummerlearningaboutartificialintelligenceatCalifornia’sStanfordUniversityasoneof32kidsselectedworldwide.He’llheadnexttotheUniversityofPennsylvaniatotakeacollege-levelroboticsclassbeforereturningtohighschoolinSeptember.(作為全球32名被選中的孩子之一，他整個夏天都在加州斯坦福大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)人工智能。接下來，他將前往賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)大學(xué)水平的機器人課程，然后在9月份返回高中。)”說明Max在人工智能方面很有天賦，所以B選項“Talentedandcreative.(有天賦的并具有創(chuàng)造力的)”符合題意。故選B。CBeingagoodparentrequiresprovidingachildwiththegiftsoflove,attention,energy,andresourcesunstintinglyoveralongperiodoftime.Itinvolvesdevelopingasmallbody,butitalsoinvolvesgrowingachild’ssoul.Parentsareanenormouslypowerfulforceinthelivesofchildren.WhetherJohnnycanread,whetherJohnnyknowsrightfromwrong,whetherJohnnyisahappy,well-adjustedkid,orsadandself-destructive,hasawholelottodowiththekindofparentingJohnnyhasreceived.IfJohnny’smomanddadhavebeenabletocomethroughwithlasting,lovingattention,thechancesarethatJohnnyisontracktobecomeaproductive,compassionate(富有同情心的)person.Iftheyhavenot,Johnnyisintrouble.ThirtyyearsagoChicagoprofessorJamesS.Colemanshowedthatparentalinvolvementmatteredfarmoreindeterminingschoolsuccessthananyqualityoftheformaleducationsystem.Acrossawiderangeofsubjectareas,inliterature,scienceandreading,Colemanestimatedthattheparentwastwiceaspowerfulastheschoolindeterminingachievementatagefourteen.PsychologistLawrenceSteinberg,whorecentlycompletedasix-yearstudyof20,000teenagersinninedifferentcommunities,confirmstheimportanceofparents.Steinbergshowsthatoneoutofthreeparentsis“seriouslydisengaged”fromhisorheradolescent’seducation,andthisistheprimaryreasonwhysomanyAmericanstudentsperformbelowtheirpotentialandbelowstudentsinotherrichcountries.Aweightofevidencenowdemonstratesobviouslinksbetweenabsenteeparentsandawiderangeofbehavioralandemotionalproblemsinchildren.A1997studyof90,000teenagers—theAddHealthProjectundertaken(承擔(dān))bytheCarolinaPopulationCenterandtheTeenageHealthProgramattheUniversityofMinnesotafoundthatyoungstersarelesslikelytogetdepressed,usedrugsorbecomeinvolvedincrimewhentheyspentsignificanttimewiththeirparents.Thisstudyfoundthatthemerephysicalpresenceofaparentinthehomeafterschool,atdinnerandatbedtimesignificantlyreducestheincidenceofriskybehavioramongteenagers.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unstintingly”inParagraph1mean?A.Absolutely. B.Obviously. C.Carefully. D.Generously.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Childrenshouldbetaughttobesuccessfulinlife.B.Parents’characterhasadeepinfluenceonchildren.C.Childrenareaffectedbymanyfactorsduringthegrowth.D.Parentsshouldbestrictwiththeirchildrenaboutbehaviors.10.What’sthepurposeofLawrenceSteinberg’sresearch?A.Toknowtheimportanceofparents’company.B.Tofindoutwhytherearesomanyseriouscrimes.C.Togetwaystopreventteenagers’badbehaviors.D.Tofindlinksbetweenparents’educationandcrimes.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsparents’companywithchildren?A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Favorable. D.Unclear.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了父母的陪伴在孩子性格養(yǎng)成和品質(zhì)養(yǎng)成方面的重要性。【8題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞的后文內(nèi)容“Itinvolvesdevelopingasmallbody,butitalsoinvolvesgrowingachild’ssoul.(它涉及到一個小身體的發(fā)展，但它也涉及到一個孩子的靈魂的成長)”可知，養(yǎng)育孩子不僅是讓孩子在身體上成長，還有靈魂的成長。由此推知，作為父母，應(yīng)該給予孩子在各個方面長期的、全方位的關(guān)愛。結(jié)合語境，畫線單詞所在句將這些關(guān)愛比喻成“thegiftsoflove,attention,energy,andresources(愛、關(guān)注、精力和資源的禮物)”，那么給予禮物的父母應(yīng)該是慷慨大方的父母。由此推知，畫線單詞unstintingly可以理解為“慷慨地”，與選項D“Generously(慷慨地)”含義一致。故選D項。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“IfJohnny’smomanddadhavebeenabletocomethroughwithlasting,lovingattention,thechancesarethatJohnnyisontracktobecomeaproductive,compassionateperson.Iftheyhavenot,Johnnyisintrouble.(如果Johnny的父母能夠給予持久、充滿愛意的關(guān)注，Johnny很有可能會成為一個富有成效、富有同情心的人。如果他們沒有，Johnny就有麻煩了)”可知，Johnny的父母在其成長過程中是否給予持久的關(guān)愛關(guān)系到他成人后的品行。由此可推知，父母的人格力量對孩子的影響巨大。故選B項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“PsychologistLawrenceSteinberg,whorecentlycompletedasix-yearstudyof20,000teenagersinninedifferentcommunities,confirmstheimportanceofparents.(心理學(xué)家LawrenceSteinberg最近完成了一項對9個不同社區(qū)的2萬名青少年進行的為期6年的研究，證實了父母的重要性)”可知，他的研究是對父母陪伴的重要性的驗證。由此可推知，他研究的目的是了解父母陪伴的重要性。故選A項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通過閱讀文章內(nèi)容可知，作者在文章中引用了各種專家科研數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)論，比如第三段的“ThirtyyearsagoChicagoprofessorJamesS.Colemanshowedthatparentalinvolvementmatteredfarmoreindeterminingschoolsuccessthananyqualityoftheformaleducationsystem.(30年前，芝加哥大學(xué)教授JamesS.Coleman指出，在決定學(xué)校成功與否方面，父母的參與比正規(guī)教育體系的任何質(zhì)量都重要得多)”、第四段的“Thisstudyfoundthatthemerephysicalpresenceofaparentinthehomeafterschool,atdinnerandatbedtimesignificantlyreducestheincidenceofriskybehavioramongteenagers.(這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，僅僅是父母在放學(xué)后、晚餐和就寢時間在場，就能顯著降低青少年危險行為的發(fā)生率)”等內(nèi)容，都是用來證明“父母的陪伴對孩子影響很大”這一論點，即，這篇文章的中心論點。由此可推知，作者是支持父母陪伴孩子的。故選C項。DAkeypartofprotectingendangeredspeciesisfiguringoutwherethey’reliving.UsingenvironmentalDNA,oreDNA,totrackspeciesisn’tnew.Forafewyearsnow,researchershavebeenusingDNAinwater.Twoteamsofscientists—oneinDenmarkledbyDrKristineBohmannandoneintheUKledbyDrElizabethClare—cameupwiththesamequestionataboutthesametime:CouldtheyidentifytheanimalsinanareafromDNAthatwassimplyfloatingintheair?DNAintheairisusuallysosmallthatitwouldtakeamicroscopetoseeit.“IthoughtthechancesofcollectinganimalDNAfromairwouldbeslimthoughmuchtimehadbeenspentonit,butwemovedon,”saidBohmannwhowastryingtothinkofacrazyresearchideaforaDanishfoundationthatfundsfar-outscience.OneteamcollectedsamplesfromdifferentlocationsatDenmark’sCopenhagenZoo,andtheotheratHamertonZooParkintheUK.Clearly,theybothchosethezoos.“WerealizedwehavetheCopenhagenZoo,”Bohmannrecalls.Infact,boththezoosintheUKandDenmarkwerealmostlikethezoosthatwerecustom-builtfortheexperiments:Theanimalsinthezooswerenon-native,sotheyreallystuckoutinDNAanalyses.“Ifwedetectaflamingo(火烈鳥),we’resureit’snotcomingfromanywhereelsebutthezoo,”Bohmannsays.Inthelaboratory,bycomparingtheirsampleswithexamplesofDNAfromdifferentanimals,thescientistssucceededinidentifyingmanydifferentanimalsatthezoos.Neitherteamknewthattheotherteamwasworkingonasimilarexperiment.Thetwowerenearingsubmissiontoascientificjournalwhentheydiscoveredabouttheotherexperiment.Ratherthancompetetorushoutapublicationfirst,theygotintouchanddecidedtopublishtheirfindingsasapair.“Weboththoughtthepapersarestrongertogether,”saysClare.“Thenextstepistofigureouthowtotakethismethodintonaturetotrackanimalsthatarehardtospot,includingendangeredanimals,”saysBohmann.12.WhatdidBohmanninitiallythinkoftheexperiment?A.Itcouldbeafailure. B.Itwouldn’ttakelong. C.Itwasn’toriginal. D.Itwouldcostmuch.13.WhydidthescientistslookforanimalDNAinthezoos?A.Theyraisedmanyrareanimalsthere. B.Thezooswerespeciallybuiltforthem.C.TheycouldcollectenoughanimalDNA. D.Theycouldrecognizeanimalsconfidently.14.Howwasthetwoteams’relationshipwhentheylearnedofeachother’swork?A.Competitive. B.Inseparable. C.Cooperative. D.Casual.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ResearchTeamsTestDNAinNature B.DNAintheAirHelpsidentifyAnimalsC.DifferentZoosConductDNAStudies D.eDNAProtectsEndangeredAnimals【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了丹麥和英國的兩個科學(xué)家小組幾乎同時提出同樣的問題：能否通過漂浮在空氣中的DNA來識別該地區(qū)的動物？通過實驗，他們給出肯定的答案，這可以幫助科學(xué)家追蹤難以發(fā)現(xiàn)的動物，保護瀕危動物。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中““IthoughtthechancesofcollectinganimalDNAfromairwouldbeslimthoughmuchtimehadbeenspentonit,butwemovedon,”saidBohmannwhowastryingtothinkofacrazyresearchideaforaDanishfoundationthatfundsfar-outscience.(‘我認為從空氣中收集動物DNA的可能性很小，盡管已經(jīng)花了很多時間，但我們繼續(xù)前進，’Bohmann說，他正在為一家資助標(biāo)新立異科學(xué)的丹麥基金會想出一個瘋狂的研究想法。)”可推知，Bohmann一開始認為從空氣中收集動物DNA的可能性很小，由此推知，他一開始認為這個實驗可能會失敗。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Infact,boththezoosintheUKandDenmarkwerealmostlikethezoosthatwerecustom-builtfortheexperiments:Theanimalsinthezooswerenon-native,sotheyreallystuckoutinDNAanalyses.“Ifwedetectaflamingo,we’resureit’snotcomingfromanywhereelsebutthezoo,”Bohmannsays.(事實上，英國和丹麥的動物園幾乎就像為實驗定制的動物園：動物園里的動物都不是本地的，所以它們在DNA分析中真的很突出?！绻覀儼l(fā)現(xiàn)一只火烈鳥，我們肯定它不是來自動物園以外的任何地方，’Bohmann說)”可知，科學(xué)家在動物園尋找DNA是因為動物園里的動物不是本地動物，這樣，如果科學(xué)家根據(jù)空氣中的DNA識別出某種動物如火烈鳥，它們就能確認該動物來自動物園。因此，他們能自信地識別動物。故選D?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Neitherteamknewthattheotherteamwasworkingonasimilarexperiment.Thetwowerenearingsubmissiontoascientificjournalwhentheydiscoveredabouttheotherexperiment.Ratherthancompetetorushoutapublicationfirst,theygotintouchanddecidedtopublishtheirfindingsasapair.“Weboththoughtthepapersarestrongertogether,”saysClare.(兩個團隊都不知道另一個團隊也在做類似的實驗。當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)另一項實驗時，兩人正準(zhǔn)備向一份科學(xué)雜志投稿。他們沒有爭先恐后地先發(fā)表一篇論文，而是聯(lián)系了一下，決定一起發(fā)表他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)?？巳R爾說：‘我們都認為論文放在一起會更有說服力?！?”可推知，當(dāng)兩個團隊知道了彼此的研究工作后，決定兩個團隊合作，共同發(fā)表這一發(fā)現(xiàn)；由此可知，兩個團隊是合作關(guān)系。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章文章第二段“Twoteamsofscientists—oneinDenmarkledbyDrKristineBohmannandoneintheUKledbyDrElizabethClare—cameupwiththesamequestionataboutthesametime:CouldtheyidentifytheanimalsinanareafromDNAthatwassimplyfloatingintheair?DNAintheairisusuallysosmallthatitwouldtakeamicroscopetoseeit.(兩組科學(xué)家——一組由丹麥的克里斯汀·伯曼博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，另一組由英國的伊麗莎白·克萊爾博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)——幾乎在同一時間提出了同樣的問題：他們能從漂浮在空氣中的DNA中識別出某個地區(qū)的動物嗎？空氣中的DNA通常很小，要用顯微鏡才能看到)”及下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了丹麥，英國兩組科學(xué)家利用動物園空氣中的DNA幫助識別某地區(qū)的動物，最后成功了，這可以幫助追蹤和保護野生動物。B選項“空氣中的DNA有助于識別動物”適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoTakeEffectiveNotesDuringLecturesEffectivenote-takingisanactivepartofthelearningprocessthatrequiresyoutogetthemainideaandwritedownitskeywordsinyourownway.____16____Prepareforthelectureinadvance.Teachershandoutoutlinesoftheirlecturesbeforetheybegin.____17____Itcanhelpyoufocusonthedifficultiesyouhaveinunderstandingandyouwillbeabletoaskbetterquestionsinclass.Findyourstyleoftakingnotes.____18____Forexample,somevisuallearnerscoulddrawcertainshapestorepresentimportantconcepts.Somepeoplepreferwritingwords,andsomemayfinditmosthelpfultorecordalectureandlistentoitwhilestudying.Youhavetofindthestyleworksbestforyou.____19____Ratherthanwritingcompletesentencesorevencompletewords,createaformoffastandbriefwritingwithsomesignsorphrasestomakenote-takingeasier.Thiswillhelpyoutakenotesquicklyandkeepupwiththelecture.Takedownkeypoints.Itisimportanttowritedownkeypointsfromthelecture.____20____Thingslikekeyideas,definitions,anddescriptivephrasescanhelpyourememberthesubject.Forexample,ifthelectureisbasedonaspecificbattleinhistory,trytowritedownthedate,themajorcharactersinvolvedandtheoveralloutcomeofthestruggle.A.Developyourshorthand.B.Writequestionsasyouarelistening.C.Skimmingthemwillwarmupyourbrain.D.Everythingyoulearnmaybehelpfulinthefuture.E.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentwaysofnote-taking.F.Itmeansyouneedtofocusonthemostmeaningfulinformation.G.Withthefollowingtips,youcanbecomeabetterlecturenote-taker.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章告訴我們有效的筆記是學(xué)習(xí)過程中的一個積極部分，并講述了如何成為一名更好的課堂筆記記錄者?！?6題詳解】上文“Effectivenote-takingisanactivepartofthelearningprocessthatrequiresyoutogetthemainideaandwritedownitskeywordsinyourownway.（有效的記筆記是學(xué)習(xí)過程中的一個積極部分，它要求你掌握主要思想，并用自己的方式寫下其中的關(guān)鍵詞。）”說明有效筆記的重要性，下文“Prepareforthelectureinadvance.（提前準(zhǔn)備講座。）”及“Findyourstyleoftakingnotes.（找到你的筆記風(fēng)格。）”及“Takedownkeypoints.（記下關(guān)鍵點。）”說明如何成為一名更好的課堂筆記記錄者的方法，空格處承上啟下，告訴我們通過下面的提示，可以成為一名更好的課堂筆記記錄者。因此推斷G項“有了以下技巧，你就可以成為一個更好的課堂筆記記錄者?！狈险Z境。故選G項?！?7題詳解】上文“Teachershandoutoutlinesoftheirlecturesbeforetheybegin.（老師們在上課前分發(fā)講稿提綱。）”及下文“Itcanhelpyoufocusonthedifficultiesyouhaveinunderstandingandyouwillbeabletoaskbetterquestionsinclass.（它可以幫助你專注于理解中遇到的困難，你將能夠在課堂上提出更好的問題。）”空格處承上啟下，C項的“them”與上文“l(fā)ectures”一致，講的是同一話題，說明老師發(fā)完演講稿后應(yīng)該瀏覽它們，這樣可以熱身。因此推斷C項“瀏覽它們會使你的大腦變得活躍起來?！狈险Z境，下文解釋了這樣做的好處。故選C項?！?8題詳解】上邊小標(biāo)題“Findyourstyleoftakingnotes.（找到你的筆記風(fēng)格。）”及下文“Forexample,somevisuallearnerscoulddrawcertainshapestorepresentimportantconcepts.Somepeoplepreferwritingwords,andsomemayfinditmosthelpfultorecordalectureandlistentoitwhilestudying.（例如，一些視覺學(xué)習(xí)者可以繪制某些形狀來表示重要概念。有些人喜歡寫單詞，有些人可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的時候錄制一節(jié)課并聽它最有幫助。）”空格處位于段首句承接下文，說明不同的人可能有不同的記筆記方式，下文具體解釋了這種說法。故選E項。【19題詳解】下文“Ratherthanwritingcompletesentencesorevencompletewords,createaformoffastandbriefwritingwithsomesignsorphrasestomakenote-takingeasier.Thiswillhelpyoutakenotesquicklyandkeepupwiththelecture.（不要寫完整的句子，甚至是完整的單詞，而是用一些符號或短語創(chuàng)造一種快速、簡短的寫作形式，以便于記筆記。這將幫助你快速記筆記并跟上講座。）”說明如何速記，所以空處作為這一小段的標(biāo)題，應(yīng)該概括主旨，A項“發(fā)展你的速記?！闭梅稀９蔬xA項?！?0題詳解】上文“Itisimportanttowritedownkeypointsfromthelecture.（寫下講座的要點很重要。）”及下文“Thingslikekeyideas,definitions,anddescriptivephrasescanhelpyourememberthesubject.（關(guān)鍵想法、定義和描述性短語可以幫助你記住主題。）”空格處承上啟下，F(xiàn)項的“It”與上文一致，講的是同一話題，說明寫下要點很重要，下文緊接著說明了什么是重要信息。所以F“這意味著你需要專注于最有意義的信息。”符合。故選F項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Asanonlychild,NicoleRenaeoftenfeltlonelyinheryouth.Butthatallchangedwhensheturnedten.Forherbirthday,Renae’sgrandmother___21___herwithanadorablegray___22___namedChloe.Fromtheverystart,thetwowere___23___.“Shewasmybestfriend,”Renaesaid.EveryounceofloveRenaegave,thelittledogreturnedtenfold.ButwhenRenaewas14,herfather___24___anewjobthatcamewithashockingwarning:He’dbeworkingathome,andthehouseneededto___25___noisedisturbance.“Chloewasverynoisy,”Renaesaid.“Iwasjustakid,soIdidn’thaveany___26___inthematter.Ididn’twantto___27___mydog.Ijustfeltsosickand___28___aboutit.Withnoeasieroption,thefamilysentChloetoahumanesociety.___29___,Renaegrewup,gotmarried,andhadachildofherown.Butherfamilydidn’tfeelquitecomplete.Rememberingthe____30____thathavingadoghadbroughtherasakid,Renaewantedherdaughterto____31____thesame.Shehaditinhermindthatshewould____32____apuppy,butthenonedayshesawapostonasocialmediaplatformabouta____33____dogthatneededanewhome.ThedoginthephotographlookedalotlikeChloe—shewasevennamedChloe.Inaninstantitwas____34____:Shewouldadoptthisolderdog.WhenshemetChloe,thedogseemedsofamiliar.AndChloeappearedtofeelthesame____35____aboutRenae.SoonRenaecriedwithexcitementbecauseshefeltsoluckytohaveChloeagain.21.A.offered B.showed C.surprised D.treated22.A.cat B.pig C.chicken D.puppy23.A.unfriendly B.inseparable C.disharmonious D.impolite24.A.got B.quit C.assigned D.approved25.A.befreeof B.beavailablefor C.besuitablefor D.betiredof26.A.idea B.choice C.alternative D.suggestion27.A.makeupfor B.breakawayfrom C.giveinto D.getridof28.A.delighted B.sad C.confused D.embarrassed29.A.Overtime B.Ontime C.Attimes D.Atatime30.A.sorrow B.satisfaction C.confusion D.joy31.A.experience B.assume C.wonder D.observe32.A.decorate B.adopt C.purchase D.borrow33A.junior B.prior C.senior D.young34.A.decided B.responded C.recovered D.attached35.A.direction B.appearance C.way D.phenomenon【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.A26.B27.D28.B29.A30.D31.A32.B33.C34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是一位孤單的小姑娘Renae在十歲那年得到了她最珍貴的生日禮物——一條可愛的小狗Chloe，小狗陪伴她度過了一段美好的兒時時光，后來由于父親要換工作，Renae不得不與小狗分開。Renae長大成家有了自己的女兒，因為依舊記得兒時小狗帶給自己的快樂，所以希望自己的女兒也能像自己那樣擁有一條可愛的小狗，于是一切仿佛冥冥注定，Renae為女兒領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的老狗恰恰是自己兒時密不可分的老朋友Chloe。21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在Renae的生日那天，她的祖母給了她一個驚喜：一只可愛的灰色小狗，名叫Chloe。A.offered提供；B.showed展示；C.surprised給……驚喜；D.treated對待。前文提到“Forherbirthday(在她生日那天)”，說明她的祖母是給了她一個生日的驚喜。故選C。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在Renae的生日那天，她的祖母給了她一個驚喜：一只可愛的灰色小狗，名叫Chloe。A.cat貓；B.pig豬；C.chicken雞；D.puppy狗。后文提到“thelittledogreturnedtenfold(小狗十倍還回來)”，由此判斷，Renae生日時收到了一只小狗作為生日禮物。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從一開始，這兩個就形影不離。A.unfriendly不友好；B.inseparable形影不離的；C.disharmonious不和諧的；D.impolite不禮貌的。后文提到“EveryounceofloveRenaegave,thelittledogreturnedtenfold.(Renae給予的每一分愛，小狗都會回報十倍)”，由此判斷，小狗和女孩的關(guān)系很密切。故選B。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)Renae14歲的時候，她的父親得到了一份新工作，隨之而來的是一個令人震驚的警告：他將在家里工作，并且房子需要沒有噪音干擾。A.got得到；B.quit停止；C.assigned分派；D.approved同意。后文提到“anewjob(一份新的工作)”，說明父親得到了新的工作。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)Renae14歲的時候，她的父親得到了一份新工作，隨之而來的是一個令人震驚的警告：他將在家里工作，并且房子需要沒有噪音干擾。A.befreeof沒有，遠離；B.beavailablefor可用于；C.besuitablefor適合于……D.betiredof對……感到疲倦。根據(jù)后文“Chloewasverynoisy(Chloe很吵鬧)”以及“Withnoeasieroption,thefamilysentChloetoahumanesociety.(沒有更容易的選擇，這家人把Chloe送到了動物保護協(xié)會)”可知，吵鬧的Chloe被送到了動物保護協(xié)會，說明父親需要一個安靜的工作環(huán)境。故選A。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這件事上，我沒有任何選擇，盡管我不想與我的小狗分開