新版輪機(jī)英語unit35watchkeeping省公開課金獎全國賽課一等獎微課獲獎?wù)n件

Lesson35TextWatchkeeping(值班)1/108Atthebeginningof

thewatchthecurrent(當(dāng)前)

operationalparameters(運行參數(shù))

andtheconditionofallmachineryshouldbeverified(檢驗,校驗)2/108andalsothelog(輪機(jī)日志)readingsshouldcorrespondwith(beinagreementwith)thoseobserved.3/108Theengineerofficer

incharge(onduty)

shouldnoteifthereareanyspecialorders（指令）orinstructions（說明）relatingtotheoperationofthemainmachineryorauxiliaries.4/108Heshoulddetermine（決定）

whatworkisinprogress（在進(jìn)行中）

andanyhazards(dangers)orlimitations(限制,不足)itpresents.5/108Thelevelsoftanks

containingfuel,water,slops(污油),ballast(壓載水),etc.,shouldbenotedandalsothelevelofthevariousbilges(艙底水).6/108Theoperatingmode(運行模式)

ofequipmentand

availablestandby(備用)

equipment

shouldalsobenoted.

7/108Atappropriateintervals(e.g.at30-minuteintervals)

inspectionshouldbemadeofthemainpropulsionplant（主推進(jìn)裝置）,auxiliarymachinery（輔助機(jī)械）

andsteeringgearspaces（舵機(jī)間）.

8/108Anyroutine(常規(guī),通例)

adjustmentsmaythenbemadeandmalfunctions(故障)

orbreakdowns（損壞）canbenoted（統(tǒng)計）,reportedandcorrected.

9/108Duringthese

toursofinspection（巡檢）

bilgelevelshouldbenoted,pipingandsystemsshouldbeobserved

forleaks(泄漏),andlocalindicatinginstruments（指示儀表）

alsobeobserved.10/108Bridge(駕駛室)

ordersmustbe

promptly（快速）

carriedoutandarecord（統(tǒng)計）

ofanyrequiredchangesinspeedanddirection

shouldbekept.

11/108Whenunderstandbyormaneuvering(機(jī)動操作)

conditionswiththemachinerybeingmanuallyoperated

thecontrolunitorconsole(控制臺)

shouldbe

continuouslymanned(有些人值守).12/108Certainwatchkeepingduties（尤其值班）

arenecessaryfor

thecontinuousoperationofequipmentorplant-thetransferringoffuelforinstance.13/108*Inadditiontotheseregulartasks（要求任務(wù)），

otherrepairormaintenancetasksmayberequiredofthewatchkeepingpersonnel(人員).14/108*Howevernotasksshouldbeundertaken(從事,進(jìn)行)

whichwillinterfere(干擾，影響)

withthesupervisory(管理、監(jiān)督)

dutiesrelatingtothemainmachineryandassociatedequipment.15/108＊Duringthewatch

alogorrecordwillbetaken

ofthevariousparametersofmainandauxiliary(輔助)

equipment.

16/108Fuelconsumption(消耗量)

figuresareusedtodeterminetheefficiencyofoperation,inadditionto

providingacheck（查對）

ontheavailablebunker(燃料倉)

quantities.

17/108*Lubricatingoil(潤滑油)

tanklevels

tosomeextent(partly)

indicatesengineoil

consumption.18/108Ifthesump

levelweretorisethiswouldindicatewaterleakageintotheoilandan

investigation(調(diào)查、檢驗)

into(of,on)thecausemustbe

made.19/108*Theengineexhausttemperaturereadingshouldallbeaboutthesametoindicateanequalpowerproductionfromeachcylinder.20/108＊Thevarioustemperatureandpressurevalues

forthecoolingwaterandlubricatingoil

shouldbe

at,ornearto,themanufacturer’sdesignedvalues

fortheparticularspeedorfuellever(油門調(diào)整桿)settings.21/108Variousparameters

forthemainengineturbo-blowers(渦輪增壓器)

arealsologged.Sincetheyarehighspeedturbines(渦輪)

thecorrectsupplyoflubricatingoilisessential.22/108*Theaircoolershouldbesuppliedwithadequateamountofcoolingwatertoensureefficientcombustion.23/108*Variouslevelandtemperaturereadingsaretaken（測量）ofheavyoiltanks,bothsettlingandservice,sterntubebearings,seawater,etc.24/108*Theoperatingdieselgeneratorswillhave

theirexhaust(排氣)

temperatures,coolingwaterandlubricatingoiltemperaturesandpressures

logged

inmuchthesamewayasforthemainengine.25/108*Ofparticularimportancewillbethelogofrunninghours（運行時間）

sincethiswillbethebasis（依據(jù)）

foroverhauling(大修，檢修)themachinery.26/108Otherauxiliarymachineryandequipment（設(shè)備）,suchasheatexchangers,

freshwatergenerator(evaporator)(造水機(jī)),boiler,airconditioningplantandrefrigerationplantwillalsohaveappropriatereadingstaken.

27/108Therewillusuallybesummarizedordailyaccount（日志表）tablesforheavyoil,dieseloil,lubricatingoilandfreshwater,whichwillbecompiled(匯編)

atnoon.

28/108Thecompletedlogisusedto

compile

asummarysheet(報表)

orabstract(摘要、小計)

ofinformation

whichisreturnedtothecompanyheadofficeforrecordpurposes.29/108＊Wheresituationsoccurinthemachinespace(機(jī)艙)

whichmayaffectthespeed,maneuverability(機(jī)動性能),powersupplyorotheressentialsforthesafeoperationoftheship,thebridgeshouldbeinformed

assoonaspossible.30/108Theengineerinchargeshouldnotify(通知)

the*ChiefEngineer

intheeventofanyseriousoccurrence(事件)

orasituationwhereheisunsureoftheaction（行動）totake.31/108However,whereimmediate（馬上）actionisnecessarytoensuresafetyoftheship,itsmachineryandcrew,it

mustbetakenbytheengineerincharge.32/108Atthecompletionofthewatcheachmembershouldhandover(交與)

tohisrelief(接班人員),ensuringthatheiscompetent(能勝任)

to

takeover(接管)

andcarryouthisdutieseffectively(有效地).33/108ReadingMaterialsA.

KeepingWatch34/108Theengineroomshouldalways(總是）

bekeptcleanandingoodorder.35/108Theexhaust-gases（排煙）

shouldfrequentlybewatched.Theyshouldbealmostinvisible(看不見)

whentheengineoperatesunderfullload.36/108*Asmokyexhaustindicatesthattheengineiseitheroverloadedorthatthefuelvalves（噴油器）

arenot

inpropercondition.

37/108Thecylinderexhaust-gastemperaturesshouldbenotedanditshouldbeconfirmed(確認(rèn)，證實)

thatthepoweroftheengineiswelldistributedamongthecylinders.38/108The

cylinder-jacket(氣缸水套)

outlet-watertemperaturesshouldbeobservedanditshouldbeseenthatthereareno

air-locks(氣塞).39/108Thewaterlevelinthefresh-waterheadertankshouldbechecked.40/108Ifanair-inletpipeofastartingvalveishotterthantheothers,thevalveshouldberenewed.41/108*Observation(觀察)

shouldbemadeoftheturbo-blowerlubricating-oiltemperaturesandpressures,alsotheexhaust-gastemperaturesbeforeandaftertheturbine.42/108Itshouldbeconfirmed（證實，確定）

thattheamountoffueloilintheservicetankissufficientduringthewatch.43/108Openthecocksfordrainingaccumulationofoilintheexhaustmanifold(排氣管)

atdefiniteintervals（定時）.44/108Thecylinderlubricators(注油器)

shouldbeexaminedforsatisfactoryoperation.45/108Thepiston-coolingpipesandthestuffingboxes(填料函)

forthepistonrodsshouldbeexaminedforleakage(泄漏).46/108*Allthepressuresandtemperaturesindicatedbyvariousgaugesandthermometers(溫度計)

shouldberegularlyobserved.

47/108Theamountoflubricatingoilinthedraintankshouldbecheckedby

sounding(探測).48/108Iflubricatingoilfiltersofedgewisecleaningtype(刃口清潔式滑油濾器)

arefitted,*thehandlesshouldbegivenafewturns.49/108Theseawatertemperatureshouldbenotedandthetemperaturesat(of)thelubricatingoilandfresh-watercoolers(shouldbe)examined.50/108*Akeen(敏銳)

sense(感覺、判斷力)

ofhearingobtainedfrompractice（實踐）

isimportantfortheengineer,dependingonhisears,todetectabnormalhappeningsintherunninggear（運行裝置）.51/108Beforebeingused,thefuelservicetankshouldbedrainedofwaterandresidual(殘[剩]余;渣滓).52/108*Iftwotanksareinstalled,theemptytankshouldbepumpedup（泵滿）

directlyitisempty.53/108Thegaugesonthefueloilservicetanksshouldbewatchedtoseethattheoilsupplytotheinjectionpumps(噴油泵)

ismaintained.54/108*Theventcocks(放氣旋塞)onthefuelinjectionpumplinesshouldbeopenedfrequentlytoventanyairthatmayhaveaccumulated（積聚）inthem.55/108Duringmaneuvers（機(jī)動操縱）,thefresh-watertemperatureshouldberegulatedbythrottling(節(jié)流,調(diào)整)

thesea-watersupplytothefresh-watercooler.56/108*Besideobservingthepressureinthecoolingwater,regularreadingsshouldbetakenfromthethermometers（溫度計）

inthevariouslinesandthecontrolvalvesregulatedtomaintaineven(相同)

temperaturesinallthejackets.

57/108Specialcareshouldbetakentostopleaksofalldescriptions,immediately(when)theyoccur.58/108Vital(關(guān)鍵)components(部件)

oftheengine（發(fā)動機(jī)）shouldbefrequentlyexamined.59/108Thecrankroom(曲軸箱)

covershouldneverbeallowedtoopenforinvestigation(檢驗)

whentheengineisrunning.60/108Anditshouldnotbeopeneduntilatleastfifteenminutesaftertheenginestops.Lightsofhighvoltageornakedlights(沒有燈罩燈)

shouldneverbeused.61/108B.WatchkeepingDutiesAtSea62/108Constantinspectionisaprecaution(預(yù)防辦法)

whichcontributesto(有利于)

avoidingtroubleandthefollowingroutinesmustbecarriedoutatregularintervalsundernormaloperatingconditions:63/1081Regularlycheckandrecordallpressuresandtemperaturesandenterthesameintheengineroomlog.64/108*Adherenceto(恪守、堅持)

differentialsintemperatureandpressurelimitsisveryimportant.

65/108Ifatemperatureorpressureisindoubt（懷疑）

itshouldbecheckedagainstanotherinstrument,aroughguesstotemperatureisbythefeelofthehand.66/1083.*Due(應(yīng)有、適當(dāng))

considerationmustbegiventoenginespeedandtotheconditionsoftheloadingoftheshipandtothecleanlinessofthehull(船體)

whenperformanceandrecordsoftheenginearebeingassessed(評定).

67/108Shoptestreports（出廠檢驗匯報）

andinstructionmanuals（說明書）

areareliablereferenceandmustbetreatedassuch.

68/108Allrecordsareimportantbutparticularattentionmustbemadetoturbocharger(渦輪增壓器)

revolutions,scavengeairreceiver(掃氣箱)

pressuresandtemperatures,andcylinderexhaustgastemperatures.69/108Considerationmustbegiventothecalorificvalue(熱值)

ofthefuelwhenassessingthedailyfuelconsumption.70/1084.Checkthatthecontrolvalvesforthecoolingandlubricatingsystemsaresetproperly.71/108Ifthereisinsufficientpressureinanysystemthenthesafetydevicealarmwillbeacceleratedandtheenginestopped.72/108All（全部）excessivepressuredropsmustbechecked.73/1085.*Adjustmentsmustbemadetobringanyabnormallyhighorlowtemperaturestowithintheprescribed(要求,指定)

rangebutthismustbeattainedgradually.

74/108Abrupt(突然)

temperaturechangescanincreasethermalstress(應(yīng)力)

andmaycausetrouble.75/108Checktheairtemperatureafterthe

chargeraircooler.76/108Thistemperatureshouldbeaslowaspossible,ahightemperature

resultsin

lessoxygenbeingavailableforcombustionandincreasedfuelconsumptionaswellashigherexhaustgastemperatures.77/108Anidealtemperaturedifferentialbetween

theseawaterinlettotheaircoolerandtheairoutletfromthecoolerisabout17℃.78/1086.Caremustbetaken,inclimateswithahighhumidity,thatthetemperatureofthescavenge

airis,ifpossible,keptabovethedewpoint(露點),79/108otherwisecondensation(凝結(jié))

willformintheairreceiverandthedrainwillrequiretobecracked(開縫)

opentoavoidrustformation.80/108Whenwaterisapparent(顯著)

intheairreceiverthenacheckmustbemadetoverifywhetheritisseawaterorfreshwater;81/108ifitisseawaterthenthecoolerisleakingandrectification(修正,修復(fù))

isrequired.82/1087.*Drainscavengespaceandjacketdrains,alsopistonrodglands(填料蓋[箱])

ifthereisanexcessleakageoflubricatingoilfromthegland,83/108thenthescraper(刮油環(huán))

andsealingrings(密封環(huán))

shouldbeattended(注意，留意)to

atthefirstopportunity(盡早).84/1088.*Check,andifnecessary,adjusttherateoffeedofthecylinderlubricators.85/1089.Checkthetemperatureofthecrankcase

doorsbyhand.86/10810.Ensurethatthefuelinthedailyservicetankshasbeenproperlycleanedandthatwaterandsludge(油泥)

havebeendrainedoff.Drainsludgefromfuelfilters(過濾器)

andpurifiers(分油機(jī)).87/10811.*Whenburningheavyfuelensurethatthereissufficientheatavailabletobringtheviscosity(粘度)

ofthefueltowithintheprescribedlimits.88/10812.Ensurethatventsfromcoolingwaterspacesarekeptopentopermitairtoescape.89/10813.Checkthepressuredropacrossfuelandlubricationoilfilters.90/108Turnallmanuallyoperatedfiltersandcheckthatautomaticfiltersareoperatingsatisfactorily,drainsludgeifnecessary.91/10814.Checkthepressuredropacrossthechargeaircoolersforbothseaandairpressure.92/10815.Checkoillevelsingovernor(調(diào)速器)

andotherauxiliary(輔助)

equipment.93/10816.Checkallhighpressurefuellines