中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)課件非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞

1.動(dòng)名詞的定義動(dòng)名詞指的是動(dòng)詞ing形式的一種，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非限定動(dòng)詞（即非謂語動(dòng)詞）。它可以支配賓語，也能被副詞修飾，動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、定語，但是不能充當(dāng)狀語。2.動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成是由動(dòng)詞末尾加-ing形式構(gòu)成(doing)否定式：not+v-ing(notdoing)動(dòng)名詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化

Readingisanart.

Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.。3.動(dòng)名詞的用法

動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)主語

動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)賓語

動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)表語

動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)定語Part01動(dòng)名詞做主語1.動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Reading

isofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasure.It

is

fun

playing

withchildren.2.動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)主語的幾種類型(1)直接位于句首充當(dāng)主語Swimming

isoneofmyfavoritesports.Recitingwords

isagoodwaytohelpyouunderstandthecontentofthearticle.Eatingandchattingwithfriends

makeshimfeelveryhappy.翻譯：早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣

喝多了容易惹麻煩Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Drinkingtoomuchiseasytocausetrouble.(2)用it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語。(動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí)，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后)。①Itisnousedoingsth.做某事是沒有用的②

Itisnogooddoingsth.做某事是沒有好處的③

It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.

做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的④

Itisworthdoingsth.

做某事是值得的

Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.

Itisworthhavingatry!(4)用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。Nosmoking.

(禁止吸煙)

=Nosmokingisallowed(here)

Noparking.(禁止停車)NoFishing(禁止釣魚)*動(dòng)名詞與動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)主語的比較(1).動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以充當(dāng)主語。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作，不定式多用來表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。

Itisnouse/good/awasteoftimetalkingaboutthat.*Itisnouse/good/awasteoftimetotalkaboutthat.(2).在“Therebe”句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞，而不能用不定式作主語：

Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.

Thereisnopointinreliving(重溫,回味)thepast.

Part02動(dòng)名詞做表語1.動(dòng)名詞作表語，對(duì)主語說明、解釋。Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.Intheantcity,

thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.Whatpleaseshimmostisswimminginthesea.Hisfavouriteexerciseisplayingfootball.2.動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)

WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.)Part03動(dòng)名詞做賓語→1.某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式

。(1)常見的此類動(dòng)詞有:advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,delay,practise,resist

抵抗,suggest等(2)短語有：keepon,

putoff,cannothelp,giveup,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,feellike,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…，lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等①

Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.②

Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.③Ifoundwalkingalongtheseashorepleasant.④

Markoftenattemptstoescapebeingfined

wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.3.某些動(dòng)詞接不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)別(1)remembertodo記住要做某事

Iremembertowritealettertomyparents.

rememberdoing

記得過去做過某事

Iremembermeetinghiminthestreet.(3)stopdoing

停止做某事

Stopsmoking,please.

stoptodo

停下正在做的事去做另外一件事

Let'sstoptohavearest.

(4)meantodo打算做某事

meandoing意味著……Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.(6)regrettodo對(duì)要做的事表示抱歉或遺憾

regretdoing對(duì)已做過的事表示后悔Iregretspendingsomuchmoney.Iregrettotellyouhavefailedthecollegeentranceexam.(7)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具體行為；

like/love/hate/prefer+doingsth表示抽象、傾向概念

IlikechattingontheInternet.Iliketogotothecinematonight.*如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should/would一詞，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動(dòng)名詞。

Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow．Thelittlechildwouldlovetobetakentothezoo.

4.下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可以用動(dòng)名詞(短語)構(gòu)成賓語uselessnousenogoodthinkconsiderfindfeellikev-ingit主語++++Ifoundituseless(nouse)arguingaboutitDoyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain.主語5.在下面這類句子中，介詞in?？梢允÷?，后接v-ingtrouble/difficultyaproblem/astruggleagoodtime/ahardtime(in)v-ing++have/has+(2)主語+spendtime/money(in)+v-ing(3)主語+bebusy(in/with)+V-ing(4)losenotime(in)+V-ing立即做......preparingfortheexaminationPart04動(dòng)名詞做定語1.動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途(1)awalkingstick=

astickforwalking

=astickwhichisusedforwalking(2)(3)areadingroom=

aroomforreading

=aroomwhichisusedforreading(4)awashingmachine

=amachinewhichisusedforwashing=

amachineforwashing

Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.Sheneedssomesleepingpills.Hecan'tfinishhishomeworkwithoutawritingdesk.Heputallofhissocksinthewashingmachine.2.與現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)定語的區(qū)別①動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞時(shí)主要表示該名詞的用途，②而現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞時(shí)性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作等。

asleepingchild,asleepingcar前者的achildwhoissleeping,

現(xiàn)在分詞sleeping表示被修飾名詞child正處于的狀態(tài);而后者的意思是“被用來睡覺的車”，即acarwhichisusedforsleeping,

動(dòng)名詞sleeping表示car的用途。3.動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞作定語通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，表示性質(zhì)或用途，無邏輯上的任何關(guān)系。不定式作定語總是放在所修飾詞之后，多與所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或主謂關(guān)系。Ihavealotofworktodo.Pleasegotothesleepingcar.4.時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehaveingbeendone(1)動(dòng)名詞的一般式通常表示一般性動(dòng)作（即不是明確地在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或是與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。①

Theyareallinterestedinclimbingmountains.②Hetookagreatdelightinhelpingothers.③Beingcarelessisnotagoodhabit.④

Thethiefslippedawaywithoutbeingnoticed.

⑤Collectingstampsisinteresting.注意①動(dòng)名詞的一般式和完成式都可表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)兩者可互換(用一般式往往顯得更簡(jiǎn)潔)。

Iforgot

telling/havingtold

herthenews.②有些不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系或句子本身已表明了先后關(guān)系的場(chǎng)合，通常用動(dòng)名詞的一般式。

Imustwriteandthankherforsendingmethecheck(支票).

Hehasworkedhardsinceleavingschool.(2)動(dòng)名詞的完成式若要表示動(dòng)名詞代表的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成形式.①Hedidn’tmentionhavingmetme.②Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.③Idon’trememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.④Thankyouforhavingtakensomuchtroubletohelp.⑤HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.(3)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語同時(shí)也是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。①

它的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在其前發(fā)生。He

doesn’tlikebeinglaughedatinpublic.

Heobjectedtobeingtreatedasachild.②

它的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。

Iamverypleasedatyourhavingbeenhonouredwithamedal.

She'sangryaboutnothavingbeeninvited.注意①在表示"需要"的動(dòng)詞need,want,require后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，習(xí)慣上要用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義（但若用不定式，則用被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義）。Theflowerswantwatering/tobewatered.Theoutsideofthehouseneedspainting/tobepainted.Themachinerequiresrepairing/toberepaired.②在beworth后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)也要用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thismightbeworththinkingabout.Theclockishardlyworthrepairing.③

beworthy后可以接of+動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式（若該不定式要表示被動(dòng)意義，則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式）。Theadviceisworthyofaccepting.=Theadviceisworthytobeaccepted.*不定式和動(dòng)名詞邏輯主語的區(qū)別(1)邏輯主語為動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不定式的邏輯主語為:for+名詞(或代詞賓格)+不定式。

Itishappyforfishtoswimfreelyinthewater.*某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有：brave,careful,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,wrong等

Itwascarelessofmetoleavethedooropen.主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過去分詞√√√√5.非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中所作的成分beinglookedbeingleftbeinginjuredhavinggivenup6.It’sdifficultforaforeignertogetusedto

(eat)withchopsticks.7.Marytried

(explain),buttheteacherrefused

(listen).8.Thismethodisnotperfectandrequires

(improve).9.Iremember

(water)theflowersyesterday.10.Wedon’twant

(risk)

(get)intherain.toexplaineatingtolistentobeimproved/improvingwateringtoriskgettingⅡ.選出正確選項(xiàng)()1.Icannotunderstand_____suchawell-paidjob.A.himtogiveup B.himtohavegivenupC.hisgivingup D.hisbeinggivenup()2.Jane’ssummervacationinEnglandledto_____anEnglishman.A.hermarry B.hertomarry C.herbeingmarried D.hermarrying()

3.----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh,Iforgot_____.