英文語法第十講特殊句型

第十講特殊句型強調(diào)句型1．強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)基本句型：Itis/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who...eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Itisonlybylisteningtoandunderstandingeachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.只有通過傾聽和相互理解，孩子和父母之間的問題才可能被解決。(強調(diào)方式狀語)eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2014·福建高考單項填空)Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,thatmadeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.是文化而不是語言使他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。(強調(diào)主語)(2)一般疑問句形式：Is/Wasit＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他？eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2014·四川高考單項填空)WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolthatMr.Smithgotangry?是因為杰克上學遲到使史密斯先生生氣的嗎？(3)特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞＋is/wasit＋that＋其他？eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?他是什么時候決定選修這門課程的？[易錯警示]如果由特殊疑問詞引導的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語從句時，從句必須使用陳述語序，不可用疑問語序。瘙
嚔)Heaskedmewhoitwasthattookhisumbrellabymistake.,他問我是誰錯拿了他的雨傘。(4)含有not...until...的強調(diào)句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被強調(diào)部分＋that...eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletterthatshementionedherownplan.直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的計劃。2．強調(diào)謂語動詞強調(diào)謂語動詞時，要在所強調(diào)的謂語動詞前加助動詞do,does或did。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Thefamilydidmanagetosendhimtoatechnicalschool.家里的確設(shè)法讓他上技術(shù)學校。倒裝句1．部分倒裝部分倒裝是指把謂語的一部分(助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞)置于主語之前。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式：(1)當否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞或短語位于句首時，常用部分倒裝。這類詞或短語有：little,few,never,seldom,rarely,bynomeans,notonly,notuntil,atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,innoway,nosooner,hardly,scarcely等。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助，而且也要給那些有需要的人提供醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。(2)當only修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時，用部分倒裝。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2014·湖南高考單項填空)Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.只有當你找到內(nèi)心的平靜時你才能與他人保持良好的關(guān)系。(3)so/neither/nor置于句首時，用部分倒裝。①“so＋be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”表示前面所說的肯定情況也適合于另一人或物，意為“……也是如此”。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)—I’vegotanenormousamountofworktodo.——我有大量的作業(yè)要做?！猄ohaveI.——我也如此。②“neither/nor＋be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物，意為“……也不這樣”。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Thisisnotmystory,norisitthewholestory.Mystoryplaysoutdifferently.這并不是(關(guān)于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的結(jié)局是不同的。(4)在so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中，當“so＋形容詞/副詞”或“such＋名詞”位于句首時，用部分倒裝。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2016·杭州五校第一次聯(lián)考)Sosuddenlydidhecatchthediseasethatthewholefamilywereatagreatloss.他突然患病，全家人全然不知所措。(5)在as/though引導的讓步狀語從句中，當從句的表語/狀語/動詞位于句首時，用部分倒裝。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2016·天津六校第一次聯(lián)考)Hardastheytried,theycouldn’tmakeherchangehermind.盡管他們盡力了，但他們還是沒能讓她改變主意。(6)在非真實條件句中，條件句中的if省略時，助動詞had,were,should提到主語前面。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Shouldhe(＝Ifheshould)come,tellhimtoringmeup.如果他來了，告訴他給我打電話。2．完全倒裝完全倒裝是指將謂語動詞完全提到主語之前。(1)表示時間、地點和動作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,out等置于句首時，且主語是名詞，謂語動詞是不及物動詞，句子需用完全倒裝。此時，句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Themomentthebellrang,outrushedthechildren.鈴一響，孩子們沖了出去。([易錯警示]),主語為人稱代詞時，則不倒裝。瘙
嚔)Themomentthebellrang，outtheyrushed.,鈴一響，他們沖了出去。)(2)當?shù)攸c狀語位于句首時，且主語是名詞，謂語動詞是不及物動詞，為了避免頭重腳輕，句子需進行完全倒裝。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Presentatthemeetingwerescientistsfromallovertheworld.來自世界各地的科學家們出席了此次會議。(3)有時為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強調(diào)，將作表語的介詞短語、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，構(gòu)成“表語＋系動詞＋主語”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)PresentatthepartywereMr.Greenandmanyotherguests.出席晚會的有格林先生，還有許多別的賓客。主謂一致1．語法一致原則主語后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引起的短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,isgoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女兒們今年夏天將要一起參觀北京。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)IthinkTom,ratherthanyou,istoblamefortheaccident.我認為是湯姆而不是你該為此事故負責任。2．就近一致原則(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復數(shù)上保持一致。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Eitheryouortheheadmasteristohandouttheprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.你或者校長將在會上給有天分的學生頒發(fā)獎品。(2)由there,here引導的主語不止一個時，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Thereisapencilandtwopensinthepencil-box.文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。3．意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Aneedleandthreadwasgiventoher,butshecouldnotsewthebuttonon.針線給了她，但她不會把紐扣縫上。(2)“no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。(3)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhabit.早睡早起是一個好習慣。其他句式1．省略(1)狀語從句的省略：當時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it且從句中含be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞，構(gòu)成下列結(jié)構(gòu)：連詞＋形容詞/介詞短語/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Althoughsmall,thecompanyhasabout1,000buyersinover30countries.這家公司雖然小，但它在30多個國家有大約1000個客戶。(2)不定式的省略：①在一定的上下文中，為了避免重復，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的動詞(短語),只保留不定式符號to。否定形式的省略用notto。但如果省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be,have,havebeen,通常保留這些詞。②but用作介詞，意為“除……之外”時，前面有實義動詞do,后接不定式時，要省略to;但前面沒有實義動詞do時，后接的不定式不省略to。③help后接不定式作賓語或賓補時，可省略to,也可不省略。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebuttomeetanevengreaterchallenge.如果他接受了這份工作，除了迎接更大的挑戰(zhàn)之外他別無選擇。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)TheydidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.他們昨晚除了看電視什么都沒做。2．感嘆句感嘆句常用來表示驚嘆、贊美、喜悅等語氣。常見句型：(1)What＋a/an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！＝How＋形容詞＋a/an＋單數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！(2)What＋(形容詞)＋不可數(shù)名詞/復數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！(3)How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語！(4)How＋主語＋謂語！eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Whatastrangeplant(＝Howstrangeaplant)!I’veneverseenitbefore.這種植物真奇怪！我以前從未見過。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.這個驚人的消息使我意識到我們將面臨多么嚴重的問題。3．祈使句祈使句常用來表達命令、請求、禁止、建議、警告、勸告等。祈使句的主語一般是第二人稱you,但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在動詞原形前加don’t,也可用副詞never構(gòu)成。祈使句的強調(diào)形式可以在句首加do。祈使句的常見句型：(1)祈使句＋and＋簡單句“如果……就……”(2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋簡單句“……否則……”(3)名詞詞組(多含有more,another)＋and＋簡單句“如果再……就……”eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Onemoreday,andI’llgeteverythingready.再多給我一天，我就會把任何事情都準備好。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．(2016·云南玉溪高三聯(lián)考)Makingaspeechinfrontofacrowdofpeople____________(be)nothisstrength,buthemakesupforitwithhisheartandefforts.答案：is2．(2016·日照檢測)Atthetopofthehill____________(lie)anoldcottagewhichhasawonderfulviewofthewholecity.答案：lies3．(2016·河北邢臺高三摸底考試)Officer:Madam,there____________(be)signsthatsaywhatthespeedlimitis.答案：are4．(2016·河南洛陽第二次統(tǒng)考)“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”also____________(show)ahealthyeverydayhabithelpstobuildupourbody.答案：shows5．(2016·福建4月檢測)OnlywhenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain____________sheregretignoringhermum.答案：did6．(2016·安徽合肥名校聯(lián)考)Itwasnotthewordyousaid____________angeredMr.Zhang,buthowyousaidit.答案：that7．Generallyspeaking,when____________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnoside-effects.答案：taken8．(2016·江蘇南京調(diào)研)Nextdoortoours____________(live)ablackcouple,whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.答案：live9．(2016·湖南益陽箴言中學模擬)Infrontofourschool____________(stand)atoweronwhosetopwecanhaveaclearviewofthelake.答案：stands10．(2016·山東省實驗中學診斷)____________(knock)atthedoorbeforeyouentertheoffice,oryou’llbeconsideredimpolite.答案：Knockeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．Suchknowledgeisstillusefulwhenapplyingtosimilarsituationsinothercountries.applying→applied2．—Whydoestheriveraroundthevillagesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwaterhasbeenpolluted.has→have3．Stoppingcriticizingyourchildrenlikethis，ortheywillrefusetotellyoutheirtruefeelings.Stopping→Stop4．Downthehillisanicelake；bythelakeissomefarmhouseshiddeninthewoods.第二個is→are5．(2016·江西六校聯(lián)考)Whatdifferentlifetodayisfromwhatitwas20yearsago！What→How6．SuchabsorbedwassheintheworkthatJaneoftenforgottotakemeals.Such→So7．—HowwasitwhatyougotWangFeng’sautographphoto?—Didn’tyouknowIwenttohisliveconcert？See？Easy！what→that8．ItiseasytorecognizeMary，assheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowearsunglassesinthehall.wear→wears9．Theparentsdidn’ttoleratetheirkids’rudenessattheparty，northeyallowthemselvestobedisobeyed.在nor后加did10．Ireceivedhismother’stelephonecallateleven.ItwasthenwhenIknewthathewasbadlyhurtinatrafficaccidentyesterday.when→thateq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．(2016·南陽一中二模)Itisonlyinthelastfewyears____________freeflyinghasgainedanyrealpublicacceptance.答案：that2．(2014·陜西高考語法和詞匯知識)Nosooner____________MoYansteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.答案：had3．(2016·鄭州質(zhì)量預測)—Whywasit____________youweresoangry?—Becausewefailedtotakepartinthebasketballmatch.答案：that4．(2016·濟寧模擬)“Onlytwocentimetershigher,____________youwillbreaktheworldrecord，”encouragedthecoach.答案：and5．(2016·福建廈門質(zhì)檢)Sotouching____________thesongsoundthatIcouldn’tholdmytearsbackwhenIhearditforthefirsttime.答案：did6．Onlywiththegreatestofluck____________shemanagetoescapefromtherisingfloodwaterlastyear.答案：did7．(2016·濟南外國語模擬)If____________(burn),rubbercangiveoffapoisonousgas.答案：burnt8．____________(make)gooduseoflearningresourcessuchasthewebsiteandlibrary,andyouwillmakegreatprogress.答案：Make9．(2016·山東師大附中一模)Itwasnotuntilshelostherjob____________sherealizedhowimportantitisthatoneshouldstudyallthetime.答案：that10．(2016·長沙四校高考模擬卷二)—_____________(try)theredsweaterhangingonthewall—perhapsyou’lllikeit.—No,I’llneverwearasweaterlikethat,forIdon’tlikethedesign.答案：Try11．Thereisno____________(deny)thatsheisyourbestfriend.Soyou’dbetterhelpherwhensheisintrouble.答案：denying12．(2016·江西重點中學聯(lián)考)MostoftheartistswillgototheUnitedStatesnextweek.Therest____________(be)tovisitJapan.答案：are13．Goingouttothebaranddrinking____________(be)awaytorelax,butnotgoodforyourhealthatall.答案：is14．(2016·湖南懷化一模)Morethanonedoctor____________(be)involvedintherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.答案：was15．(2016·福建漳州八校3月聯(lián)考)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse____________(build)atpresentinthedisasterareainGansuProvince.答案：isbeingbuilteq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．(2014·大綱全國卷單項填空)Notonlythenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.在the前加do2．(2016·衢州五校期中聯(lián)考)Itisnodoubtthatthefamousprofessorwillcometogiveusalecture.It→There3．Soexcitedheseemthathecouldn’tsayaword.在excited后加did4．(2016·福州八中質(zhì)檢)Followingtheinstructionsonthepacketwhenyoutakethedrugandthedrug,Ithink,willworksoon.Following→Follow5．(2016·衡陽八中月考)—ItelephonedhimtwiceandIcouldn’tgetthroughtohim.—Thelinemighthavebeenoutoforder,doesit?does→was6．(2016·衡陽四中月考)Nosoonerwelefttheroomthanwerealizedweforgottotakeourbooks.在sooner后加had7．Whenweheardtheexcitingnews,therewassilencealloverthehallatfirst.Thencomevoicesofe→came8．ItisMaryandJamesthataregettingmarriedanditisIwhoisgoingtobetheirbridesmaid.第三個is→am9．Itisonlywhenyourereadthepoemwhichyoucanreallyappreciateit.which→that10．ThoughI’mnotavolunteeranymore,IusedtoandI’vedonesomevoluntaryworkwithmyfriends.在to后加beeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語法填空Onceuponatime,thereweretwolittleboys,JackandTom,who1.____________(raise)inanorphanage.Jackhadalwayswishedhecouldflylikeabird.AndTom,unabletowalkproperly,was2.____________(eagerness)towalkandrunlikeotherchildren.OnedayJackcameuponapark3.____________hesawTomplayinginthesandbox.Heranoverto4.____________(he)andaskedifheeverhadwantedtoflylikeabird.“No,”saidTom,“5.____________Ihavewonderedwhatitwouldbeliketowalkandrunlikeothers.”Thetwolittleboysplayedfor6.____________(hour).ThenamancamewithawheelchairtopickTomup.Jackranovertothemanandwhisperedsomething7.____________hisear.AndthenheranovertoTomandsaid,“IwishIwereable8.____________(make)youwalkandrun.ButIcan’t.However,thereissomethingthatIcandoforyou.”JackturnedaroundandtoldTomtoslideupontohisback.Hethenbegantorunacrossthegrass,9.____________(carry)Tomonhisback.Soonthewindjustwhistledacrossthetwolittleboys’faces.Flapping(擺動)hisarmsupanddowninthewind,Tomyelled10.____________(cheerful),“I’MFLYING.I’MFLYING！”【解題導語】本文是記敘文，講述了一個關(guān)于飛翔之夢的小故事。1．wereraised解析：考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)下文的時態(tài)可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去時，又raise與who(指代twolittleboys)之間是被動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。2．eager解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指他渴望像其他孩子那樣走和跑?？仗幵诰渲凶鞅碚Z，故用形容詞。beeagertodosth.“渴望做某事”。3．where解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞park,且在從句中作地點狀語，故填where。4．him解析：考查代詞。分析句子成分可知，空處作介詞to的賓語，故用賓格him。5．but解析：考查連詞。根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故用but。6．hours解析：考查名詞單復數(shù)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指兩個小男孩玩了幾個小時。hour為可數(shù)名詞，且空前無冠詞或限定詞，故用其復數(shù)形式。7．in解析：考查介詞。whispersth.insb.’sear為習慣用法，意為“在某人耳邊低聲說……”。8．tomake解析：考查非謂語動詞。beabletodosth.為固定用法，故填tomake。9．carrying解析：考查非謂語動詞。carry與其邏輯主語He之間是主動關(guān)系，故用v.-ing形式。10．cheerfully解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幮揎梽釉~yelled