高二英語(yǔ)12月網(wǎng)課限時(shí)練作業(yè)9

高二英語(yǔ)12月網(wǎng)課限時(shí)練作業(yè)9王良良2022-12-27PAGE15高二英語(yǔ)12月網(wǎng)課限時(shí)練作業(yè)9（用時(shí)35分鐘）（A）Humanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles—socalledbecauseoftheirtendencytochangestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants’reproductiveprocesses,smellyvolatilesattractpollinators(授粉昆蟲(chóng)).Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar(稀釋的花蜜)thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.Butthough“Scent”isastoryofplants’cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongusedfragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.Sohighlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon.Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewasproducedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfumreleasedFougèreRoyale,thefirst“modernfantasyperfume”thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance–makingisdominatedbyman–madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness.Itissaidthataworld–famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.24．AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.B．Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.C．Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.D．Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A．Developed. B．Rewarded. C．Mixed. D．Valued.26．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.B．Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.C．Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators.D．Man–madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.27．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PlantsSmell,InsectsPrey B．SmartnessbehindFragranceC．Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMake D．FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature（B）WhenKurtBenirschke,aresearcherattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,startedcollectingskinsamplesfromrareandendangeredanimalsin1972,hedidn’thaveafirmplanonwhattodowiththem.Afewyearslater,hemovedhiscollectiontoSanDiegoZoo,andcalledittheFrozenZoo.Benirschkepassedawayin2018,buthiseffortsareverymuchalive.Today,theFrozenZooistheworld’slargestanimalcryobank(冷庫(kù)),withsamplesfromover10,500individualanimalsfrom1,220species.Ithasreachedsomemilestonesinthefieldofgenetics(遺傳學(xué)),startingwiththecloningofthefirstanimal—asheepnamedDolly—in1996.Althoughcloningisn’tperfect—anIndianoxtheyclonedonlysurvivedfor48hours,it’sausefultooltohelpsaveendangeredspecies,becauseitcanincreasegeneticdiversity.Whenthepopulationofaspeciesdeclines,theremaininganimalsareforcedtoreproducewithinacloselyrelatedgroup,andthusthegeneticpoolbecomessmaller,whichfurtherthreatenssurvival.Inaspeciesofanimals,thegeneticdiversityiswhatgivesitflexibility,theabilitytobouncebackfrombignaturaldisasters,virusattacksordiseaseattacks.That’sbecauseiftherearemoredifferenttypesofgeneticsinaspecies,thereisahigherchancethatsomewillsurvive.Withthecurrentalarmingrateofbiodiversityloss,allresearchersagreethatatightercooperationbetweenallcryobanksisanecessity.Thetaskisenormous,becausethereareamillionspeciesatrisk.“Weneed50differentgeneticsamplesfromeach,sothatmeans50millionsamples;foreachofthose,weneedfivebottlesforeachsample,sothat’shundredsofmillionsofsamplesthatneedtobestored,”Rydersays.“Ifwehadaconversationwiththefuture,theywouldsay,pleasesaveasmuchbiodiversityasyoucan,now.Period,”headds.“Andtheywouldsay,dothatbyallmeansavailable.”28．WhichofthefollowingdidBenirschke’seffortsinclude?A．Collectingendangeredanimals. B．RebuildingSanDiegoZoo.C．Buildingananimalcryobank. D．CloningthefirstanimalDolly.29．Howdoescloninghelpwithanimalsurvival?A．Byincreasinggeneticdiversity. B．Byboostinganimalreproduction.C．Bydevelopinggenetictechnology. D．Byfightingagainstvirusattacks.30．What’sthepurposeofParagraph4?A．Toconfirmtheimportanceoftheanimalcryobanks.B．Toexplainthesupersizeofresearchers’futurework.C．Torevealtheseriousimpactsofbiodiversityloss.D．Toraiseanassumptiontosaveendangeredanimals.31．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhattheTechofCloningCanDoforGeneticsB．HowBenirschkeDealtwithBiodiversityLossC．WhataConversationwiththeFutureSuggestsD．HowFrozenZoosCouldSaveDyingSpecies第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)Whichismoreeffective,groupstudyingorstudyingalone?We’veallexperiencedgettingtogetherwithclassmatestostudyforanupcomingexamandspendingtheentiretimetalkingorjokingaround.Youleavethegroupwithoutaccomplishinganythingtogetyoureadyforyourexam.____36____.Thefollowingaresomebenefitsofstudyingalone.____37____Whenyoulockyourselfawayinyourroom,theretendtobelessdistractionsthanwhenyouarestudyinginagroup.Nobodyismovingaroundortalkingnearyou.Thereareliterallynodistractions,unlessyou’retheonewhofeelstheneedtocleaneverythingwhenyoustudy.PersonalstudyenvironmentEveryoneisdifferent,whichmeanseveryonelearnsdifferently.Youmayrequireclassicalmusic,acomfortableroom,andacupofteawhileyoustudy.Someoneelsemayrequirecompletesilence,andnosnacksatall.____38____Studyingalonealsoallowsyoutousethestudystrategiesthatarethemosteffectiveforyourlearningstyle.Somestudentslearnbestwithflashcards,whileotherslearnbestwhentheyrereadchapters.____39____PersonalizelearningcontentTheremaybesometopicsinclassthatyoureallyneedtoworkon.____40____.Besides,youcantailorlearningmethodsbystudyingalonewhilegroupstudyingcan’t.Morecrucially,youcanconsolidatethetopicsthataredifficulttoyouoverandover.A．Youcanlearnwhateveryoulike.B．Minimumdistractions.C．Thatiswhatyoucan’tachieveingroupstudying.D．Findyourlearningstyle,andyoucangetbetterresults.E．Onlywhenyoustudyalone,you’reabletofocusonexactlythosetopics.F．Soifyouaretheonewhocanbesodistracted,it’sstronglyrecommendedthatyoushouldstudyalone.G．Studyingaloneallowsyoutosettheperfectstudyenvironmentsoyougetthemostoutofstudying.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)Weholdcertainprofessionstoahigherstandardwhenitcomestothementalhealthoftheirworkers,andforagoodreason.Doctors,policeofficersandpilots,____16____,havejobsthatputothers’safetyintheirhands.SoasevidencemountedaboutthepsychologicalconditionofAndreasLubitz,aco-pilotintheMarch24Germanwingsplanecrashin2015,itraisedimportantquestionsabouthowtosafeguardagainstsuch____17____.Lufthansa,theparentcompanyofGermanwings,saysLubitzhad____18____theairlineofa“seriousdepressiveepisode”in2009inhisrecord,backwhenhewastrainingtobeapilot.InvestigatorssayLubitz’srecordalsoindicated“suicidaltendencies”.Whileit’snotclearwhyLubitzapparentlydrovetheplaneintoamountainsideintheFrenchAlps,hiscaseputs____19____ontheimperfectsystemforscreening(篩查)andsupporting—pilotswhoaredepressedor____20____otherpsychologicalconditions.IntheUS,commercialpilotsover40mustsubmittoaphysicalandmental____21____everysixmonths;beforeage40it’sonceayear.Physicalhealthiseasiertoquantifythanmentalwellness,however.“Yousomehow____22____toseeifthepilotiswell,andit’snottheeasiestthing,”saysDr.AlpoVuorio,aphysicianattheMehilainenAirportHealthCenterinFinlandwhohasstudieddepressionandsuicide.Mostairlineshavepsychologicalsupportprogramsforitscrews;it’samatterof____23____pilotstotakeadvantageofthem.“It’samachothing.Youdon’twanttoadmityouneedhelp,”saysScottShappell,aprofessoratEmbry-RiddleAeronauticsUniversity.Thatmaybewhy,accordingtoVuoriowhoevaluatespilotsfortheU.S.FederalAviationAdministration(FAA),onlyabouthalfofthepilotswhoexperiencedepression____24____theirsymptoms.“It’soneofthemostdifficultthingsinaviationmedicine,”saysVuorio.Expertssaythevastmajorityofdepressedpeopleposenoharmtothemselvesorothers,andmostcanbesuccessfullytreated—butthe____25____remains.Until2000,theFAAhadabanonantidepressantuse,makingitanautomaticdisqualifierforpilots.Afterstudiesconvincedofficialssuchdrugsdon’taffectpilots’alertnessormentalfaculties,theFAAchangeits____26____.TheFAAandtheEuropeanAviationSafetyAgencyrequirecommercialpilotstoself-reportany____27____ormentalhealthissues,alongwithalistofrecentdoctorvisitsandanymedicationsthey’retaking.But,notallpilotsdo.“Pilotsknowiftheyself-report,itwillbeablackmark”ontheir____28____,saysShappel.Anypilotreportingdepressionforthefirsttimeisautomaticallygroundedbeforebeingre-evaluatedandclearedtofly.Aswithdepressioninanyfield,it’shardtodetectunlesspeople____29____help.“Ifthey’venotbeenhonest,wejustdon’tknow,”saysVuorio.Ifapilotiscaughthidingamedicalorpsychologicalissue,theFAAstillissues____30____:largefinesandarevokedlicense.16．A．inconclusion B．a(chǎn)saresult C．forinstance D．withoutdoubt17．A．people B．tragedies C．events D．consequences18．A．a(chǎn)ssured B．cheated C．a(chǎn)ccused D．informed19．A．mercy B．spotlight C．remarks D．impression20．A．a(chǎn)daptto B．sufferfrom C．taketo D．dealwith21．A．evaluation B．standard C．problem D．measure22．A．decide B．intend C．try D．a(chǎn)gree23．A．persuading B．a(chǎn)dvising C．ordering D．forcing24．A．explain B．report C．discover D．understand25．A．stain B．instant C．dissatisfaction D．pity26．A．environment B．way C．position D．task27．A．medical B．cultural C．biological D．technical28．A．face B．record C．family D．business29．A．need B．seek C．refuse D．offer30．A．regulations B．warning C．orders D．punishment第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)語(yǔ)篇填空一TheShenzhou-13returncapsule,carryingthethreeChineseastronauts,ZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfu,_____81_____(safe)landedbackonEarthonSaturdaymorningafterarecordbreakingsix-monthmissioninspace.ChinadeclaredtheShenzhou-13mission_____82_____completesuccessafterthemedicalteamwaitingonsite_____83_____(confirm)thatallthreeastronautswereingoodhealth.Zhai,thecommanderofthemission,wasthefirst_____84_____(come)outofthecapsule,wavinghishandtothecheeringcrowdonsitewithabigsmile.Hesaidhefeltverygood.He_____85_____(follow)byWang,thefirstfemaleChineseastronautwhohadenteredChina’sspacestation.“Iwanttotellmydaughter,momreturnedafterreachingforthestars,”shesaid.Yeexitedlast_____86_____thecapsule.“Myfirstfighttospacelastedsixmonths,whichwasachallengetome.Myspacedreamcametrue,”hesaid.Duringthesix-monthjourneyinthespacestation,thecrewconfirmedkeytechnologiesfortheconstructionofthespacestation,_____87_____(involve)in-orbittranspositionofspacecraftandroboticarmoperationofheavyloads.Besides______88______(science)missions,thecrewalsogavetwolivescience______89______(lecture)fromthespacestation,during_____90_____theyconductedvariousexperimentsandansweredquestionsfrom