中國文化英語教程U16

Unit16Porcelain—CallingCardofChineseCultureLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-in

Doyouknowthefivefamouskilns(窯)inSongDynasty?FivefamouskilnsaretheJun,Ding,Guan,Ge,andRu.2.1Introduction2.2Nature’sCraft2.3PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelain2.4ASubtleandReservedWorldTextstudy2.5ShapeandImageryIntroductionInEnglish,thecountryand“porcelain”sharethesamename—”China”.ThisprovesthatEuropeanshavelongknownofChina’srelationshiptoporcelain.PorcelainfounditswaytoEuropeinthe15thcentury,occupyinganimportantpositionintheexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries.IntroductionPorcelaingarneredagoodreputationforChinaforitssophisticationandelegance.ItplayedanimportantroleinthewaveoftheEuropeanidealizationofChinaduringthe17thand18thcenturies.Aroundthe1stcentury,porcelainproductionfirstemergedinChina.BytheSongDynastyithadbecomemature.Song-dynastyporcelainrepresentedtheacme(頂峰)ofChineseporcelaintechnique.IntroductionIntroductionChineseporcelainischerishforitsserenecolor,crystalpaste,gracefuldesigns,andingeniousforms.ItcanberegardedasthecallingcardofChineseculture.crackling:aporcelainterminologyThecracklesoccurredduringkilningduetoflawedworkmanship,butlatteroncracklewarebecomeacraze(時尚)inSongDynasty,andwaspasseddowntothisveryday.Nature’sCraftTheGeKiln(locatedinpresent-dayLongquan,ZhejiangProvince)wasatypicalkilnoftheSongDynastythatproducedcrackleware.Nature’sCraftCraklewaretodayisoneofthetypicalChineseporcelainstyles.Theinterestincracklewareliesinitsnaturallyproducedandunpredictablepatterns.Nature’sCraftPureandelegantbeautyisthegoalthatporcelainpursues,andthisidealisbestexplainedintheproductionofblue-and-whiteporcelain.PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelainChinese-madeblue-and-whiteporcelainwareemergedlongbeforethefoundingoftheTangDynasty.ItwasnotuntiltheYuanDynastythatthistypeofporcelaincametobeproducedinquantity,withtheattendantmasterpieces.TheMingDynastywitnessedthematurityoftheart,andalargenumberofvaluablepieceswereproducedinthisperiod.PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelainJingdezhenbecametheporcelain-producingcenterintheYuanDynastyandthesubsequentMingDynasty,theimperialkilnswereestablishedhere.Blue-and-whiteporcelainproducedhereisthemostrepresentativeofChineseporcelain.PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelainBlue-and-whiteporcelainaccordswellwiththecultureandaestheticspiritChinesepeoplehavelongpursued—ofsimplicity,unaffectednessandease.Itdisplaysaworldofconcisenessandelegance,serenityandpurity.PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelainMostChineseporcelainwareembodiesthecharacteristicsofConfucianaesthetics.Initspursuitofgentlenessandrefinementonesensestheaestheticpropensities(傾向)

ofConfucianism;throughitsimplicitandreservedartisticstyleonediscoversthereservednatureofConfucianaesthetics.ASubtleandReservedWorldTheSongDynastywasarenaissanceperiodforConfucianism,andalsoaperiodofmaturityinporcelainproduction.TheincreasedpopularityofConfucianismadvancedtheremarkabledevelopmentofSong-dynastyporcelainproduction,whileitsaestheticstandardsgaveenlightenmenttoporcelaincraftspeople.TheservedstyleinporcelainwhichemphasizesinternalbeautyhasbeenpasseddownsinceSongDynasty.ASubtleandReservedWorldAnotherrepresentativeofareservedstyleisunderglazeredporcelain,oneofthetwotypesofporcelaindevelopedtoitsmaturityinJingdezhenduringtheYuanDynasty.Difficulttoproduce,underglazeredisnotaspopularasblue-and-whiteporcelain,thoughitdisplaysahighartistictaste.ASubtleandReservedWorldThedesignofthispreciousunderglazeredvaseisdrawninunderglazered,andatthelowersectionisacirculardesignoflotuspetals.Palmtrees,rocksandgrovesofbamboo,drawnonthebellyofthevase,produceagracefullandscapepaintingwithprofoundallusions.ASubtleandReservedWorldPorcelainisacomprehensiveart,andformisasimportanttoagoodpieceofporcelainasitistoafinepieceofsculpture.ShapeandImageryShapeandImageryWhiteporcelainThemostfamouswhiteporcelainwasproducedintheDingKilnoftheSongDynasty,whichexertedagreatinfluenceonlaterwhiteporcelainproducts.AsmallwhiteporcelaincontainerproducedduringtheQingDynasty’sDaoguangreign(1821-1850)issuchapieceinthewhiteseries.Chineseporcelainalsopursuespaintingeffects.Porcelainwareusuallycontainsimagesfromlandscapesaswellasbird-and-flowerpaintings.Mostporcelaincraftspeoplewerealsoadept(擅長的)atpainting.ShapeandImageryForMing-andQing-dynastyporcelainware,eleganceinshape,intriguinguseofcolor,finetexture,andvividimagesallsetoffeachother,addinggreatsplendortotheart.ShapeandImageryFamille-rose(粉彩)UndertheinfluenceofEuropeanpainting,attheendoftheMingDynastyandthebeginningoftheQingDynasty,ChineseporcelainbegantoincorporateEuropeanartistictechniquesintoitsdesign,suchasthroughtheuseoflightandshadow,tomakethewholedesignvividwiththree-dimensionaleffects.ShapeandImageryFamille-rose,alsoreferredtoas“soft-color”,wassonamedastodifferentiateitfromtheapplicationofcolorwithoutshadingchanges.ShapeandImageryFamille-rose(粉彩)Thefamille-rosevasewithnine-peachdesignExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplicationl.SkimmingandScanning

Gothroughthepassagequicklyandjudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.___1)InEnglish,ourcountryand“porcelain”sharethesamename,probablybecauseEuropeanscametoknowChinathroughChineseporcelain.___2)PorcelaincanberegardedasthecallingcardofChineseculturepartlybecauseitwasfirstproducedinChina.

ComprehensionTT___3)Cracklewarewasfirstproducedonpurposeandisstillpopulartoday.___4)ThethreepiecesofcracklewarementionedinParagraph6wereallmadeinthesameGeKilnintheSongDynasty.___5)Now,blue-and-whiteporcelainisthemosttypicaltypeofChineseporcelain.___6)Blue-and-whiteporcelainischerishedforitselaborationandartificiality.___7)Song-dynastyporcelainembodiesthereservednatureofConfucianaesthetics.___8)Forporcelain,theformismoreimportantthantheimagery.ComprehensionFTFTFFII.CarefulReading1.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.ComprehensionWhatwasChineseporcelainfamousfor?

Chineseporcelainwasfamousforitssophisticationandelegance.2)Whatistherelationshipbetweenpotteryandporcelain?Potteryisthepredecessorofporcelain,whileglazedpotteryisthebasisfortheemergenceofporcelain.3)WhatarethequalitiesofChineseporcelainthatmakeitpopular?ComprehensionThequalitiesofChineseporcelainwhichmakeitpopularareitsserenecolor,crystalpaste,gracefuldesigns,andingeniousforms.4)Whatisthecauseoftheirregularcracksonthecrackleware?Thecauseoftheirregularcracksonthecracklewareisflawedworkmanship.Comprehension5)WhydoChinesepeoplelovecrackleware?Chinesepeoplelovecracklewarebecausetheylovenature’suniquecraft.6)Whendidthemassproductionofblue-and-whiteporcelainbegin?Themassproductionofblue-and-whiteporcelainpiecesdidnotbeginuntiltheYuanDynasty.Comprehension7)Whatqualitiesdoesblue-and-whiteporcelaindisplaythatreflectChineseaesthetics?Blue-and-whiteporcelaindisplayssuchqualitiesasconcisenessandelegance,serenityandpuritythatreflectChineseaesthetics.8)WhatdoesSong-dynastyporcelainemphasize?Song-dynastyporcelainemphasizesinternalbeauty.9)Whyisunderglazeredporcelainnotsopopularasblue-and-whiteporcelain?ComprehensionUnderglazeredporcelainisnotsopopularasblue-and-whiteporcelainbecauseitisdifficulttoproduce.10)WhattechniquesareadoptedinChineseporcelainundertheinfluenceofEuropeanpainting?UndertheinfluenceofEuropeanpaintingEuropeanartistictechniquesareintroducedinChineseporcelaindesign,suchastheuseoflightandshadow,tomakethewholedesignvividwiththree-dimensionaleffects.2.PutthefollowingintoEnglishbyreferringtothepassage．2)青花瓷器Comprehension1)開片瓷器cracklewareblue-and-whiteporcelain3)釉里紅瓷器underglazeredporcelain4)粉彩瓷器famille-roseporcelainDifferentkindsofporcelain:1)茶杯Comprehensionteacup2)碗bowl3)香爐incenseburner4)盤plateContainers:5)瓶vase1)菊花Comprehensionchrysanthemum2)蓮花lotuspetals3)梔子花gardenia4)石榴pomegranateObjectsinpatterns:5)芍藥Chineseherbaceouspeony6)茶花Comprehensioncamellia7)芭蕉樹palmtree8)石頭rocks9)竹叢grovesofbamboo10)五色花瓣five-colorpetals11)風景l(fā)andscape11)花鳥bird-and-flowerCommunicationThefollowingisapassageonrococo.Theunderlinedsentenceistakenfromthepassage.Findthebestplacewherethesentencecouldbeputfrom[A],[B],[C]and[D].

However,sincethemid-19thcentury,thetermhasbeenacceptedbyarthistorians.Rococoisastyleof18thcenturyFrenchartandinteriordesign.[A]Rococoroomsweredesignedastotalworksofartwithelegantandornatefurniture,smallsculptures,ornamentalmirrors,andtapestry(掛毯)

complementingarchitecture,reliefs,andwallpaintings.ItwaslargelysupplantedbytheNeoclassicstyle.

[B]Theword“rococo”isseenasacombinationoftheFrenchrocaille,meaningstone,andcoquilles,meaningshell,duetorelianceontheseobjectsasmotifsofdecoration.[C]ItmayalsoberelatedtotheItalianbarocco,orBaroquestyle.Duetorococo’spreferringtoshell-likecurvesandfocusingondecorativearts,somecriticsusedthetermtoderogativelyimplythatthestylewasfrivolous(瑣屑的)ormerelymodish(時髦的);whenthetermwasfirstusedinEnglishinabout1836,itwasacolloquialism(口語用詞)meaning“old-fashioned”.Communication[D]Whilethereisstillsomedebateonthehistoricalsignificanceofthestyletoartingeneral,rococoisnowwidelyrecognizedasamajorperiodinthedevelopmentofEuropeanart.CommunicationDApplicationThestoryoftheZhangbrothersandtheirkilnshasbeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationsincetheYuanDynasty.ThefollowingisthestoryoftheGe&DiKilns.Thesentencesaregiveninthewrongorder.Trytoreorganizethesesentencesintoacoherentpassageandthenretellthestory.A.Oneday,outofenvy,theyoungerbrotheraddedsomewoodashtotherawmaterialofhisbrother’sworksinsecret.B.Unexpectedly,peoplelikedthecrackledstyleverymuch.C.Asthestorygoes,twobrothers—theeldernamedZhangShengtheFirst,theyoungerZhangShengtheSecond—wereskilledatporcelainmaking.D.Fromthenon,thevesselsmadebyZhangShengtheFirstwerecalledGe(elderbrother)ware,asitisknownfrommanyspecimenshandeddown.E.Althoughbothproducedwareswithgreatreputation,theelderbrotherwasmoreskillfulandhadabetterbusiness.F.Atfirst,thecracklesweremadeaccidentally,butlatertheyweremanufacturedintentionallybecausetheygavethevesselsatouchofclassicelegance.G.Whenthepiecesweretakenoutofthekiln,theglazecrackedirregularlyonthesurfaceofthevessels.ApplicationCEAGBFDThankYou!Lead-inTextstudyExercisesContentJingdezhenbecametheporcelain-producingcenterintheYuanDynastyandthesubsequentMingDynasty,theimperialkilnswereestablishedhere.Blue-and-whiteporcelainproducedhereisthemostrepresentativeofChineseporcelain.PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelain3)WhatarethequalitiesofChineseporcelainthatmakeitpopular?ComprehensionThequalitiesofChineseporcelainwhichmakeitpopularareitsserenecolor,crystalpaste,gracefuldesigns,andingeniousforms.4)Whatisthecauseoftheirregularcr