2020年北京市【高考】英語試卷（機考 無聽力）（含答案）

2020年北京市【高考】英語試卷（機考無聽力）（含答案）2020年北京市【高考】英語試卷（機考無聽力）（含答案）PAGE26-2020年北京市【高考】英語試卷（機考無聽力）（含答案）2020年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語本試卷共12頁，共120分?？荚嚂r長100分鐘。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood___1___(play)abigroleinhislife."Mymumwasagreatcook,andshe'dsometimesletmehaveatry,"hesaid.ThefirstdishOliverpreparedforhisfamilywasfriedchickenwings.Hemadeitwithhismum'shelp.Oliversaysifyou're___2___(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem___3___youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.【答案】1.plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplaying2.lucky3.if/whether【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文，主要介紹了美食節(jié)目主持人奧利弗?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：他說食物在他的生命中扮演著重要角色。此處表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，也可以表示從過去一直到現(xiàn)在延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，所以可以用現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時。故填plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplaying?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：奧利弗說，如果你足夠幸運，身邊有一個喜歡烹飪的人。空前有be動詞，所以空處填形容詞做表語。故填lucky?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：問他們你是否有可能加入他們。____youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.是賓語從句，從句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey___4___(throw)away.Ittakesthemhundredsofyears___5___(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwherelargeronescantropseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.Overtime,thebagsfallapart___6___countlesstinypieces,andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.Now,lotsof___7___(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.【答案】4.arethrown5.tobreak6.into/to7.countries【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，介紹了一次性塑料袋的危害，應禁止使用?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用幾次。本文講的是客觀事實，應該用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語they（Single-useplasticbags）和謂語動詞throw之間是被動關(guān)系，應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，且謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。故填arethrown?！?題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：它們用幾百年的時間才分解。固定句型Ittakessb./sth.+一段時間+todosth.（花某人/物多長時間干某事），此處用動詞不定式（todo）作真正主語，It形式主語。故填tobreak?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：隨著時間的推移，這些袋子分解成成無數(shù)的小碎片，魚可能會不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fallapartinto/to...（分崩離析成……），介詞into/to可表“進入……之中/變成……”。故填into/to?！?題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：現(xiàn)在，許多國家和地區(qū)正在采取行動禁止銷售這種袋子，以阻止人們使用。lotsof修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，故填countries。【點睛】C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Apieceofstone___8___(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals___9___（live）alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere____10____（smart）thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadebyNeanderthalssuggestsotherwise.【答案】8.found9.lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving10.smarter【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明已經(jīng)滅絕的人類親戚尼安德特人比我們之前認為的更聰明?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明，我們已經(jīng)滅絕的人類親戚尼安德特人比我們之前認為的更聰明。句子的謂語為suggests，設空處在句中作非謂語和邏輯主語之間是邏輯的被動關(guān)系。故答案為found。【9題詳解】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：尼安德特人與人類祖先一起在歐洲生活了數(shù)萬年，直到大約4萬年前滅絕。設空處在句中作謂語，結(jié)合句意，此處是指在滅絕之前一直生活了數(shù)萬年。設空處的動作發(fā)生在滅絕之前，結(jié)合時間狀語fortensofthousandsofyears。故應用過去完成時態(tài)或者過去完成進行時態(tài)；又因動作發(fā)生在過去，強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作，也可用一般過去時。故答案為lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞的比較級。句意：但長期以來，人們一直認為人類祖先比尼安德特人更聰明。設空處前為were設空處應用形容詞，設空處后的than表示比較，應用比較級。故答案為than。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的4、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Myfaithinhumannaturehasneverbeensogreatasitwaslastweekendafterourfamilyget-togetherinthetownofVail.OnSaturday,weallwenttothemarketrightinthemiddleofthetown.Neartheend,weall____11____atthefountainnearthebridge,andthekidswaded（蹚水）aroundinthefountainuntilwe____12____.Thisisoneofthebusiestwalkingstreets.Afterwereturnedtothehotellateintheafternoon,my7-year-oldsonPonder____13____thatnowherecouldhefindhisbackpack,which____14____hisGameboyandhiswatch.Afterathorough____15____wedeterminedthathemusthaveleftitatthefountain.Ponderhasnever____16____anything.Sowejusttakeforgrantedthatheneedsnosupervision（指導）formanaginghis____17____.Hewasupset,notabouttheGameboy,butaboutthewatch."ButDad,"hesaid,throughmassive____18____,"theydon'tmakethatkindofwatchanymore."Wewereallvery____19____.Ourdinnerreservationwasatarestaurantjustontheothersideofthebridge,soI_____20_____himthatwewouldnotonlysearchtheareaaroundthefountainwhenwewentbackfordinner,butwewouldalsofindthepoliceandaskthemifthebackpackhadbeen_____21_____.Asweexitedfromtheparkinggarage,wecouldseethefountainaswewalkeddownthelongstaircase.Isawsomethingblack_____22_____there,butitwasrightnexttoawomanstandingbythefountain,soIcouldnot_____23_____whatitwasorifitwashers."Seeit,Dad?"Pondershouted."Don'tgettoo_____24_____becausethatmaynotbeit,"Isaid.Butthatwasit.Ithadbeenfiveorsixhourssinceweleftthefountain,anditwas_____25_____there.TherewasnoIDinit,anditlookedlikesomeonehadlookedthroughitandthensetitrightoutwhereallcould_____26_____it.Iliterally_____27_____whenwereacheditanditwashis！Everyoneinourpartywasblownawaybythis"miracle（奇跡）".Inmywildest_____28_____,Iwouldneverhaveimaginedthatthiscouldhappennowadays.Whatacharmedlife,eh?Ibelievethiswasaperfect_____29_____forachildinlosingsomethingimportant…toloseitandfeelthefull_____30_____ofthatloss,andthentomiraculouslygetitback.11.A.drove B.hiked C.met D.united12A.landed B.left C.settled D.slept13.A.responded B.recognized C.realised D.recalled14.A.contained B.combined C.comprised D.covered15.A.preparation B.checkup C.revision D.search16.A.wasted B.lost C.sough D.deserted17.A.emotion B.time C.money D.stuff18.A.tears B.fists C.reliefs D.outbreaks19.A.hesitant B.curious C.sad D.eager20.A.promised B.informed C.warned D.taught21.A.wornout B.caughtup C.putaway D.turnedin22.A.hiding B.sitting C.swinging D.flowing23.A.assess B.declare C.tell D.predict24.A.excited B.puzzled C.relaxed D.amused25.A.already B.even C.almost D.still26.A.take B.see C.touch D.protect27.A.panicked B.exploded C.collapsed D.cried28.A.dreams B.claims C.efforts D.passions29.A.mode B.lesson C.option D.plot30.A.range B.pressure C.weight D.harvest【答案】11.C12.B13.C14.A15.D16.B17.D18.A19.C20.A21.D22.B23.C24.A25.D26.B27.D28.A29.B30.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者兒子丟失背包，五六個小時過后，背包在丟失的地方被找到了，這讓作者真正意識到了人性信仰的偉大?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：快結(jié)束時，我們都在橋邊的噴泉邊集合，孩子們在噴泉里涉水，直到我們離開。A.drove開車；B.hiked徒步旅行；C.met遇見、集合；D.united團結(jié)。由上文的weallwenttothemarketrightinthemiddleofthetown可知，作者一家去了市中心的集市，集市會很擁擠繁忙，作者一家人容易走散，所以約定好在橋邊的噴泉邊集合。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：快結(jié)束時，我們都在橋邊的噴泉邊集合，孩子們在噴泉里涉水，直到我們離開。A.landed著陸；B.left離開；C.settled定居；D.slept睡覺。由上文的Neartheend可知，作者一家要結(jié)束今天行程了，此處指孩子在噴泉里涉水，直到他們離開。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：下午晚些時候我們回到酒店后，我7歲的兒子龐德意識到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（裝）著他的游戲機和手表。A.responded回答；B.recognized認出；C.realised意識到；D.recalled回憶。由下文的nowherecouldhefindhisbackpack和下文到處找背包可知，龐德意識到他找不到他的背包了。故選C項。【14題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：下午晚些時候我們回到酒店后，我7歲的兒子龐德意識到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（裝）著他的游戲機和手表。A.contained包含；B.combined結(jié)合；C.comprised包括；D.covered覆蓋。contain指所涉及的物體常常是其組成部分或內(nèi)容，強調(diào)包容關(guān)系，既可指具體有形的東西，也可指抽象無形的東西；comprise暗指一個整體包括不同部分所組成，強調(diào)“由許多部分構(gòu)成一個整體”。由本處語境可知，龐德找不到他的背包，背包里包含他的游戲機和手表，背包和游戲機及手表不是一個整體，是包容關(guān)系，應用contain。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過徹底搜查，我們斷定他一定是把它落在噴泉邊了。A.preparation準備；B.checkup檢查；C.revision修訂；D.search搜尋。由下文的wedeterminedthathemusthaveleftitatthefountain可知，作者他們斷定龐德一定是把它落在噴泉邊了，說明他們肯定經(jīng)過了徹底搜查。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：龐德從未丟失過任何東西。A.wasted浪費；B.lost丟失；C.sough作沙沙聲；D.deserted拋棄。由下文語境可知，作者他們認為龐德不需要人來監(jiān)督管理自己的東西，是因為龐德從未丟失過任何東西，他們相信龐德，才不監(jiān)督管理龐德的東西，前后句是因果關(guān)系。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我們就想當然地認為他不需要人來監(jiān)督管理他的東西。A.emotion情緒；B.time時間；C.money金錢；D.stuff東西。由上文語境可知，龐德從未丟失過任何東西，作者他們相信龐德，所以他們才不監(jiān)督管理龐德的東西。故選D項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“但是爸爸，”他流眼淚說，他們不再做那種手表了。A.tears眼淚；B.fists拳頭；C.reliefs放松；D.outbreaks暴發(fā)。由上文的Hewasupset和下文的theydon'tmakethatkindofwatchanymore可知，龐德很難過，因為這種手表不再生產(chǎn)，他難過的流眼淚了。故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都很傷心。A.hesitant猶豫的；B.curious好奇的；C.sad悲傷的；D.eager渴望的。由上文語境可知，龐德難過的流眼淚了，作為父母的作者，肯定也感到傷心。故選C項。【20題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們預訂的晚餐就在橋?qū)γ娴囊患也宛^，所以我承諾他，我們回去吃晚飯時，不僅要搜查噴泉周圍的區(qū)域，而且還要找到警察，問他們背包有沒有上交。A.promised承諾；B.informed通知；C.warned警告；D.taught教。由下文的wewouldnotonlysearchtheareaaroundthefountainwhenwewentbackfordinner,butwewouldalsofindthepoliceandaskthemifthebackpackhadbeen____11__可知，作者承諾了龐德他們會盡力尋找背包，不僅要搜查噴泉周圍的區(qū)域，而且還要找到警察。故選A項?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們預訂的晚餐就在橋?qū)γ娴囊患也宛^，所以我承諾他，我們回去吃晚飯時，不僅要搜查噴泉周圍的區(qū)域，而且還要找到警察，問他們背包有沒有上交。A.wornout磨損；B.caughtup趕上；C.putaway收起；D.turnedin上交。由上文的butwewouldalsofindthepolice可知，作者找警察是想問有沒有人把背包上交到警察局。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我看見一個黑色的東西被放在那里，但它就在一個站在噴泉旁邊的女人旁邊，所以我不知道那是什么東西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A.hiding躲藏；B.sitting被放在；C.swinging搖擺；D.flowing流動。由下文的itwasrightnexttoawomanstandingbythefountain可知，黑色的東西在站在噴泉旁邊的女人旁邊，此處指一個黑色的東西被放在噴泉那兒。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我看見一個黑色的東西被放在那里，但它就在一個站在噴泉旁邊的女人旁邊，所以我不知道那是什么東西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A.assess評價；B.declare宣布；C.tell分辨；D.predict預料。由上文的itwasrightnexttoawomanstandingbythefountain可知，被放在噴泉那兒的黑色的東西就在站在噴泉旁邊的女人旁邊，作者無法分辨黑色的東西是不是女人的。故選C項。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不要太激動，因為可能不是你的背包。A.excited興奮的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.relaxed放松的；D.amused好笑的。由上文的"Seeit,Dad?"Pondershouted可知，龐德看到一個黑色的東西被放在噴泉那兒，大叫起來，說明他很興奮。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們離開噴泉已經(jīng)有五六個小時了，背包還在那兒。A.already已經(jīng)；B.even甚至；C.almost幾乎；D.still仍然、還。由下文的whenwereacheditanditwashis可知，作者他們找到了背包，說明五六個小時過后，背包還在噴泉那兒。故選D項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：里面沒有身份證，看上去好像有人看過，然后把它放在所有人都能看到地方。A.take拿；B.see看；C.touch摸；D.protect保護。由上文的TherewasnoIDinit和thensetitrightout可知，包里沒有身份證，有人把身份證放在外面，是為了讓人看到，辨認身份。故選B項。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我真的哭了，當我們到達它那里，黑色的東西是他的！A.panicked恐慌；B.exploded爆炸；C.collapsed坍塌；D.cried哭。由上文語境可知，作者從未相信人性信仰的偉大，發(fā)現(xiàn)五六個小時過后，背包還在噴泉那兒，沒人拿走，這簡直是個奇跡，作者感動得哭了。故選D項。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我最瘋狂的夢里，我從來沒有想到現(xiàn)在會發(fā)生這種事。A.dreams夢想；B.claims聲明；C.efforts努力；D.passions熱情。由上文語境和下文的Iwouldneverhaveimaginedthatthiscouldhappennowadays可知，五六個小時過后，背包還在噴泉那兒，沒人拿走，這簡直是個奇跡，作者做夢都未想到這種事會發(fā)生。故選A項。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信這是一個完美的教訓，讓孩子失去重要的東西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇跡般地找回它。A.mode模式；B.lesson教訓；C.option選擇；D.plot情節(jié)。由下文語境可知，讓孩子失去重要的東西，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇跡般地找回它，這可以給孩子一個教訓（讓孩子珍視自己擁有的東西）。故選B項。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信這是一個完美的教訓，讓孩子失去重要的東西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇跡般地找回它。A.range范圍；B.pressure壓力；C.weight重量；D.harvest收獲。由上文語境可知，龐德丟失背包后，難過得哭了，說明這種失去的“重量”讓他無法承受，所以他傷心。故選C項。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ALancomisaworldwidelanguagelearningappandaleaderintheonlinelanguagelearningindustrywithmillionsofactivesubscribers.Wehouseabroadrangeofexpertsunitedbythecommongoalofcreatingthebestlanguagelearningtoolspossible.WithadvicefromAIspecialists,artdesignersandcultureresearchers,ourmulti-languageexpertsendowLancomwithanenormouspotentialforinnovationwithintheworldoflanguageleaning.Ourcourses,totalling20,000hoursofcontentin20differentlanguages,guaranteeyoulanguageskillsyoucanuserightaway.AtthecoreofLancomisaworld-classeffectivemethodthatenhanceslanguageleaningwithadvancedtechnology.Examplesanddialoguesarerecordedwithrealnativespeakersinsteadofautomaticcomputers.Lancomtrainsyourbraintolearnefficiently,soyouabsorbmoreinformationwhileintheappandcontinueleaningoutsideofit.Theappmakesourpracticallanguagelessonsavailablewhereverandwhenever.Weworkdirectlyforourleaners,notforanythirdparty.Andit'sallsupportedbyanefficientcustomerserviceteam,availablethroughtelephone,emailandonlinechat.Millionsoflearnershavetheirownstoriesandtheirownreasonsforlearninganewlanguage.Lancomcaresaboutyouandaddressesyourindividuallearningtype.Lancomistheonlyproducttooffercoursestailoredtoyournativelanguage,buildingongrammarandwordsyoualreadyknow.Ourcontentisaboutreal-lifetopicsthatarerelevantbecauseweknowwhatmatterstoyouiswhatsticksbest.Youwill,finditveryrewardingtolearnwithLancom.ChooseYourSubscriptionandGetStarted1month3months6months12months$12.95/m$8.95/m$7.45/m$6.95/mBuywithconfidence:21-daymoneybackguarantee!Ifyouaren'tsatisfied,justwritetoCustomerServicewithin21days.Contact&Support:customerservice@31.WhocanprovideLancomwithahugepotentialforinnovationinlearning?A.Cultureresearchers. B.AIspecialists. C.Languageexperts. D.Artdesigners.32.WhatliesatthecoreoftheLancomapp?A.Aflexiblesystem. B.Aneffectivemethod.C.Thebrain-trainingtechnique. D.Theinformativecontent.33.Lancomclaimsthatitisuniqueinits___________.A.personalisedcourses B.multiplelanguagesC.pricingpolicy D.serviceteam【答案】31.C32.B33.A【解析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹一個名為Lancom的全球性語言學習應用程序，介紹了其特色、價格以及聯(lián)系方式等信息?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WithadvicefromAIspecialists,artdesignersandcultureresearchers,ourmulti-languageexpertsendowLancomwithanenormouspotentialforinnovationwithintheworldoflanguageleaning.”可知，在人工智能專家、藝術(shù)設計師和文化研究者的建議下，我們的多語言專家為Lancom在語言學習領(lǐng)域提供了巨大的創(chuàng)新潛力。由此可知，語言專家為Lancom提供學習創(chuàng)新的巨大潛力。故選C?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AtthecoreofLancomisaworld-classeffectivemethodthatenhanceslanguageleaningwithadvancedtechnology.”可知，Lancom的核心是一種世界級的有效方法，利用先進的技術(shù)來增強語言學習。由此可知，Lancom應用程序的核心是有效的方法。故選B。33題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Lancomistheonlyproducttooffercoursestailoredtoyournativelanguage,buildingongrammarandwordsyoualreadyknow.”可知，Lancom是唯一一款為您的母語量身定制課程的產(chǎn)品，以您已經(jīng)掌握的語法和單詞為基礎(chǔ)，由此可知，Lancom聲稱它的個性化課程是獨一無二的。故選A。BBaggyhasbecomethefirstdogintheUK—andpotentiallytheworld—tojointhefightagainstairpollutionbyrecordingpollutantlevelsneartheground.Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetotheground.Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelopinglungproblems.Conventionalairpollutionmonitorsarenormallyfixedonlamppostsataboutninefeetintheair.However,sinceBaggystandsataboutthesameheightasachildinapushchair（嬰兒車）,shefrequentlyrecordspollutionlevelswhicharemuchhigherthanthedatagatheredbytheEnvironmentAgency.ThedoggydataresearchwastheideaofBaggy's13-year-oldownerTomHuntandhisdadMatt.TheEnglishyoungsternoticedthatpollutionlevelsarearoundtwo-thirdshigherclosetothegroundthantheyareintheairattheheightwheretheyarerecordedbytheagency.Tomhassincereportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.MattHuntsaidhewas"veryproud"ofhissonbecause“whentheboygetsanidea,hekeepshisheaddownandgetsonwithit,andhereallydoeswanttodosomegoodandstopyoungkidsfromgettingasthma."“Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.“Hebecameveryinterestedingadgets（小裝置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftechwhichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution？'Sowedidit."Tomsaid,"Mostofthetime,Baggyisjustlikeanyotherdog.Butfortherestofthetimesheisasuperdog,andweareallreallyproudofher."34.Withamonitoronhercollar,Baggycan____________.A.takepollutantreadings B.recordpollutantlevelsC.processcollecteddata D.reduceairpollution35.WhatcanwelearnfromtheBaggydata?A.Highplacesarefreeofairpollution.B.Higherpushchairsaremoreriskyforkids.C.Conventionalmonitorsaremorereliable.D.Airismorepollutedclosertotheground.36.WhatisTom'spurposeofdoingtheresearch?A.Towanofahealthrisk. B.Tofindoutpollutionsources.C.Totesthisnewmonitor. D.ToproveBaggy'sabilities.37.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeTomHunt?A.Modest. B.Generous. C.Creative. D.Outgoing.【答案】34.B35.D36.A37.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了13歲的孩子TomHunt和他的爸爸通過在自己的寵物狗的脖子上戴污染監(jiān)測器來記錄地面附近的污染物水平；監(jiān)測儀顯示，接近地面的空氣污染水平更高，這有助于強調(diào)嬰兒和幼兒可能面臨更高風險發(fā)展肺部問題的擔憂?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：她的衣領(lǐng)上戴著監(jiān)視器，Baggy可以…。根據(jù)文章第二段Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetotheground.Baggy在她的衣領(lǐng)上戴著污染監(jiān)測器，這樣她就可以在接近地面的地方進行數(shù)據(jù)測量?？芍髦廴颈O(jiān)測器可以記錄污染物的水平。故答案為B項。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。本題題干意為：我們從Baggy收集到數(shù)據(jù)中可以了解到什么？根據(jù)文章第二段Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelopinglungproblems.她的監(jiān)測儀顯示，接近地面的空氣污染水平更高，這有助于突顯嬰兒和幼童罹患肺部疾病的風險更高的擔憂。可知接近地面的空氣污染水平更高。故答案為D項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。本題題干意為：進行這項研究Tom的意圖是？根據(jù)文章第四段Tomhassincereportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasizethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.湯姆已經(jīng)令人震驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)報告給政府,試圖強調(diào),嬰兒患哮喘的風險更高?？芍猅om研究的目的是對健康風險提出警告。故答案為A項?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。本題題干意為：根據(jù)文章，哪個詞最能描述湯姆·亨特?根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.“Hebecameveryinterestedingadgets（小裝置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftechwhichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution？'Sowedidit."湯姆在很小的時候就對環(huán)境保護產(chǎn)生了熱情，馬特補充說。他非常感興趣的產(chǎn)品(小裝置)。大約一年前，他得到了一個類似試管的新技術(shù)。一個星期天的下午，我們出去做一些監(jiān)測，他說，為什么我們不把它戴在Baggy的衣領(lǐng)上，讓她監(jiān)測污染?于是我們就這么做了?？芍猅om是非常的有創(chuàng)造力的。故答案為C項。CForthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftore-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplayingaroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.Itcanevenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicineforeveproblemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandsciencebacktogether:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlightsexperimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphilosophy”—tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelpinunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修補）,ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.38.HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.39.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto_____________.A.restoreoldworkshops B.understandthecraftsmenC.improvevisualeffects D.inspirethephilosophers40.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.D.Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtistsB.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheoriesC.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientistsD.CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience【答案】38.D39.B40.D41.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述科學家PaulaSmith致力于對古代手工技能的研究，認為科學家如果能夠把古代的手工技能和現(xiàn)代的科學方法結(jié)合起來，就能夠創(chuàng)造更大成就?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.”讓史密斯震驚的主要是，她并沒有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她說:“你根本無法通過閱讀來了解這些手工作品?！庇纱丝芍x完這份法國手稿，這種手工技能讓史密斯感到震驚，故選D?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,”重建幾個世紀前工匠的作品，可以揭示他們?nèi)绾慰创澜?，他們的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是為了了解工匠。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.”史密斯說，這項工作也給博物館帶來了深刻的見解。為了保存它，一個人必須知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解寶藏磨損之前的樣子。因此可知，博物館要想很好保存物品，必須要知道這件物品是如何制成的，也是在強調(diào)手工技能的價值，故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史密斯說，如果我們能重新發(fā)現(xiàn)實踐經(jīng)驗和工藝的價值，我們就能將現(xiàn)代的最好見解與我們祖先的靈巧結(jié)合起來。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科學家能把古代的手工技巧同現(xiàn)代的理論結(jié)合起來，就能夠獲得更多的成就。C選項CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工藝造就了更好的科學家，符合文章主題，適合做標題，故選C?！军c睛】標題猜測題。屬于主旨大意題的一種，標題應位于文章之首，概括文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語，或句子。確定文章標題，第一，標題要與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容，不能只概括短文中的某些事實或細節(jié)；第三，標題范圍不應太大或太?。蛔詈?，標題應新穎，概括性強并且精煉。小題4中C選項概括文中主旨大意，與主題密切相關(guān)，故選C。DCertainformsofAIareindeedbecomingubiquitous.Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystemsaresometimesfasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonlytrueforthespecifictasksforwhichthesystemshavebeendesigned.ThatissomethingthatsomeAIdevelopersarenoweagertochange.Someoftoday’sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromtoday’sworldof“weak”or“narrow”AI,tocreate“strong”or“full”AI,orwhatisoftencalledartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI).Insomerespects,today’spowerfulcomputingmachinesalreadymakeourbrainslookweak.AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforusaroundtheclock,anddrawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggestsolutionstomanyproblems.DM,acompanyfocusedonthedevelopmentofAGI,hasanambitionto“solveintelligence”.“Ifwe’resuccessful,”theirmissionstatementreads,“webelievethiswillbeoneofthemostimportantandwidelybeneficialscientificadvancesevermade.”SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.In1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedtheeventualcreationofan“ultra-intelligentmachine…thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力的)activitiesofanyman,howeverclever.”Goodwentontosuggestthat“thefirstultra-intelligentmachine”couldbe“thelastinventionthatmanneedevermake.”Fearsabouttheappearanceofbad,powerful,man-madeintelligentmachineshavebeenreinforced(強化)bymanyworksoffiction—MaryShelley’sFrankensteinandtheTerminatorfilmseries,forexample.ButifAIdoeseventuallyprovetobeourdownfall,itisunlikelytobeatthehandsofhuman-shapedformslikethese,withrecognisablyhumanmotivationssuchasaggression(敵對行為).Instead,IagreewithOxfordUniversityphilosopherNickBostrom,whobelievesthattheheaviestrisksfromAGIdonotcomefromadecisiontoturnagainstmankindbutratherfromadoggedpursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpenseofeverythingelse.ThepromiseanddangeroftrueAGIaregreat.Butalloftoday’sexciteddiscussionaboutthesepossibilitiespresupposesthefactthatwewillbeabletobuildthesesystems.And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld’sforemostAIresearchers,IbelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthatwewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ubiquitous”inParagraphIprobablymean?A.Enormousinquantity. B.Changeabledaily.C.Stableinquality. D.Presenteverywhere.43.WhatcouldAGIdoforus,accordingtoitssupporters?A.Helptotackleproblems. B.Makebrainsmoreactive.CBenefitambitiouspeople. D.Setuppowerfuldatabases.44.AsforIrvingGood’sopiniononultra-intelligentmachines,theauthoris____________.A.supportive B.disapprovingC.fearful D.uncertain45.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAGIfromthepassage?A.Itmaybeonlyadream.B.Itwillcomeintobeingsoon.C.Itwillbecontrolledbyhumans.D.Itmaybemoredangerousthanever.【答案】42.D43.A44.B45.A【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)實現(xiàn)的可能性進行了論述。【42題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句后面的Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother(例如，算法在我們的金融市場上進行大量交易，自動駕駛汽車出現(xiàn)在城市街道上，我們的智能手機正在從一種語言翻譯成另一種語言)可知，人工智能在我們生活中用處十分廣泛。由此推知，劃線詞所在句意為“某些形式的人工智能確實正在變得無處不在”，即劃線詞與D選項“Presenteverywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故選D項。【43題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforusaroundtheclock,anddrawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggestsolutionstomanyproblems(AGI的倡導者說，AGI可以24小時為我們工作，并利用所有可用的數(shù)據(jù)，可以提出許多問題的解決方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡導者認為，AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出許多問題的解決方案，幫助我們解決問題。因此，A選項“Helptotackleproblems(幫助解決問題)”符合題意。故選A項。【44題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.In1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedtheeventualcreationofan“ultra-intelligentmachine…thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力的)activitiesofanyman,howeverclever.”(自