印度的電動汽車-道路上的新車輪-2023-06-市場解讀

3WAUTO”關(guān)注！回復關(guān)鍵詞【進群】，加入3WAUTO汽車干貨分享群Figure1.1.Evsvsnon-EVS-AcomparisonRelativelyRelativelylownon-EVS)(INR2,000-3,000Relativelylow(3xlesserthannon-EVS*)(75g/km)*Highinthecity,lowonhighwaysExpensivenon-EVS**)(INR1.5-2.5lakhsubsidyonpurchasecostand100%roadElectricalenergy(kwh)non-EVS")(INR12-16perkwh)ElectricmotorRelativelylowAvailableEVS TaxTaxBenefitsNilhigh(petrolcost-INR95-110/litre)carbonEmissions!Relativelyhigh(INR10,000-15,000peryear)Highonhighways,lowinthecitypetrol/diesel/gasInternalcombustionengineRelativelyhighMaintenancecostFuelcost!FuelEffciencyvehiclecostNon-EVSRelativelyEconomicalpowerFuelelectriccarsinEuropeemit,onanaverage,morethan3timeslessco2thanequivalentpetrolNote:NonEvsincludeallconventionalvehiclesusinganinternalcombustionenginefuelledbygasolineordieseltopowerthewheels;*AsperastudybyTransport&Environment-electriccarsinEuropeemit,onanaverage,morethan3timeslessco2thanequivalentpetrol45Evsareevolvingfromanichenoveltytoacommonsightinmosttier-lcitiesinIndia.AlthoughtheshareofEvsontheroadcomparedtonon-Evsremainsrelativelysmallatabout0.6%ofthetotalvehicles(refertofigure1.2),theiradoptionandaccessibilityhaveriseninrecentyears.ThistransitionisdrivenbytheGovernmentofIndia's(Gol)'parispledge-2022'for2030(referfigure1.3).Figure1.2.vehiclecategorysplitforEvsinIndiaFigure1.3.AsnapshotofIndia'supdatedparispledge,202235030025020015010012.0%10.0%8.0%6.0%4.0%2.0%0.0%2W3WTotalothers4W2W3WTotalothersregistered(mnunits)source:2030);CBREResearch,Q22023Note:othersincludeambulances,constructionequipmentvehicles,publicsectorvehicles,goodsvehicles,specialcategoryTheEvsegmentinIndiaisexpectedtogrowexponentiallyoverthecomingyears,ledbycentralgovernmentinitiativesthatarebeingformulatedtomeettargetssuchastheparisAgreement,2015,2ndAutomotiveMissionplan(AMP),2016,andFasterAdoptionandManufacturingofElectricvehicles-II(FAMEIl)scheme,2022.whiletheparisAgreementfocusesonreducingemissionintensities,AMpaimstoelevatetheIndianautomobileindustrytoglobalstandards;FAME-IltargetstoincreaseEvpenetrationinautomobilesalesby2030.Figure1.4.IndianautomobilesectorandtheEvsegmentmarketforecastsfor2030TotalnumberofEvsonroadsinIndia22X22X2.1mnEvsasofFebruary2023AnnualsalesofEvsinlndia10Xgrowth1mnEvssoldduring2022EvsalespenetrationtargetsunderFAMElscheme2wsand3wscommercialcarsBusesprivatecarsEvpenetrationislessthan1%acrossallvehiclecategoriesasof2022,exceptfore-3wwith~11%penetrationsource:InvestIndia,Gol,2022vahanDashboard,MORTH,Gol(dataasofFeb2023)FAMEI,Gol,2022;CBREResearch,Q220238introducedtoincreaseEvproduction(refertosection3)introducedtoincreaseEvproduction(refertosection3)manufacturingclustersacrossthecountryexpectedtotouchusD206billionby2030ifIndiamaintainssteadyprogresstomeetits2030FAME-lIncreasingpublicawarenessabouttheefficiencyofEvsandtheirenvironmentalbenefitstheelectricalenergyfromthegridtopowertheirwheels,asefficiencyofcarbon-basedfuelsinnon-EVS*lowerco2thannon-EVS**?Evcostofownershipincludvehiclepurchasecosts,runcosts,fuel,insuranceandothermaintenanceandservicecosts)isestimatedtobe10-20%lowerthananon-Evequivalentforaridershipdurationoffiveyears^. >>Thewideninglensonsustainabilityhasledtoaspurtinthedemandforcleanerenergyresources-whichhasbecomeakeyfactorbehindtheexpansionoftheEvecosysteminthecountry.Further,risingpublicawarenessonenvironmentalconcerns,governmentinitiatives,infrastructurecreationandimprovingEveffciencieshaveonlyacceleratedthepaceofthisgrowingdemand.Forfuturegrowth,CBREexpects4AS-Awareness,Availability,AdaptabilityandAffordability-tobecomethekeyengineersofthissegment'sgrowth(refertofigure2.1).Figure2.1.keygrowthdriversoftheEvsegmentinIndiaGolGoltargetstoinstallmorethan46,000Evpublicchargingstations(pcs)by2030#withinanareaof3kmx3km##?Minimumonepcsfokmonbothsidesofhighwaysforalltypesofvehiclesstation(FCS)atevery100kmonbothsidesofhighwaysforheavydutyvehicles(buses/trucks)source:CBREResearch,Q22023Note:*AcceleratedeMobilityRevolutionforIndia'STransportation(eAMRIT),Gol;**Transport&environment,2022;***centreforEnergyFinance(CEEWCEF,2022;#Gol,2023;##1pcsforeverygsq.km;>BREestimatesThegovernmentofIndiahasundertakenvariousinitiativestopromotethemanufacturingandadoptionofEvsinthecountry.Afewkeycentralpoliciesareoutlinedinfigures3.1.and3.2.Figure3.1.AtimelineofkeyEvinitiativesannouncedbythecentralgovernment#Jan-2013NationalElectricMobilityMissionplan(NEMMP)2020Apr-2015Dec-2018chargingInfrastructureforElectricMar-2019-Intendedtopromotehybrid^andelectricvehiclesinlndia-Targetedtoachieve6-7millionsalesofhybridandelectricvehiclesannuallyby2020-AnnouncedaspartofNEMMpwithanaimtoreducevehicularemissionsandairpollutionlevelsInIndia-phase-IoftheFAMEschemewasimplementedcreation,(ii)Technologyplatform,(iii)pilotprojectand(iv)chargingInfrastructure-phase-lwasactiveforaperiodoffouryearsuntil2019-DetailedguidelinesforcharginginfrastructureofEVS(withreferencetotheprovisionsofthe-IntendedtoenablefasteradoptionofEvsbyensuringsafe,reliable,accessibleandaffordablecharginginfrastructure-Italsofocusesonbusinessopportunitiesforsmallentrepreneurs,encouragepreparednessofelectricaldistributionsystemsandpromoteenergysecurityanddecarbonisationeffortsFinancialoutlay~INR14,000croreFinancialoutlay~INR895croresource:MinistryofHeavyIndustries(MOHI),Gol,2013,2015&2019;Ministryofpower(MOP),Gol,2018;CBREResearch,Q22023inIndia;#alltheincentivesmentionedabovetobealignedwiththetermsandconditionsmentionedinthecorrespondingpolicies.pleaseclickontherespectivepolicynamesformoredetails-Golapprovedphase-lofFAMEschemeforaperiodofthreeyearscommencingfrom1stApril2019-Intendedtogeneratedemandfor7,000ebuses,5lakhe3wheelers(e-3w,55,000e-4wpassengercarsand10lakhe2wheelers(e-2w)byproviding-Alsoproposedestablishmentof2,700chargingstationsinmetros,othermillionpluscities,smartcitiesandcitiesofhillystateswithanaimofachievingonechargingstationinagridof3kmx3kmFinancialoutlay~INR10,000croreNR10,000/kwhfromINR15,000/kwh.ltalsoslashedthemaximumregisteredonorafterJunFigure3.2.AtimelineofkeyEvinitiativesannouncedbythecentralgovernment#Mar-202Jun-202PLl*schemeforAdvancedchemistrycell(ACC)Batterystoragesep-202PLl*schemeforAutomobileandAutocomponentIndustryMar-2019-Intendedtophaseoutoldpassengerandcommercialvehiclesandtherebyreduceurbanairpollution,increasepassengerandroadsafetyandstimulatevehiclesales-commercialandprivatevehiclesolderthan15and20years,respectively,shallbescrappedif-vehiclemanufacturersarealsoadvisedtoprovideadiscountof5%onthepurchaseofaFY202223toFY2026-27capabilitiesandexportsofACCSof50GigawattHour(Gwh)ofACCS-customsdutyleviedonLiBreducedfrom21%to13%inunionBudget2023-24Financialoutlay~INR18,100croreFY202223toFY2026-27-proposedfinancialincentivestoboostdomesticmanufacturingofAdvancedAutomotiveTechnology(AAT)productsandattractinvestmentsintheautomotivemanufacturingvaluechain-provides18%capitalsubsidytoencouragefreshFinancialoutlay~INR26,000crore-IntendedtopromotetheadoptionofbatteryswappingtechnologyimplementedviaBaas##businessmodelswhichwillensurelowerupfrontcosts,minimaldowntime,andlower-AlsoproposedtoofferincentivesandsubsidiestoEvswithswappablebatteriesNote-Batteryswappingisanalternativewhichinvolvesexchangingdischargedbatteriesforchargedonessource:MORTH,Gol,2021;MHI,Gol,2021;unionBudget202324,MinistryofFinance,Gol,2023;NTlAayog,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023Note:*productionLinkedIncentive;#alltheincentivesmentionedabovetobealignedwiththetermsandconditionsmentionedinthecorrespondingpolicies.pleaseclickontherespectivepolicynamesformoredetails;##BatteryasaserviceInadditiontothecentralgovernmentschemes,variousstategovernmentshavetakeninitiativestointroducededicatedEvpoicies.ThesestateshaveannouncedseveralsupportingincentivesandregulatoryFigure3.3.Asnapshotofstate-wiseEvpoliciesandincentivesLEGENDDelhiElectricvehiclespolicy,2020LandrelatedincentivesuttarpradeshElectricvehicleDelhiElectricvehiclespolicy,2020LandrelatedincentivesManufacturing&Mobilitypolicy,2022capitalsubsidiesstampdutyexemptionsRajasthanElectricvehiclepolicy,2022AssamAssamElectricvehiclepolicy,2021GujaratstateElectricGujaratstateElectricvehiclepolicy,2021subsidiescharginginfrastructuredevelopmentTelanganaElectricvehicleandEnergystoragepolicy,2020MaharashtrastateElectricvehiclestoragepolicy,2020MaharashtrastateElectricvehiclepolicy,2021skilldevelopment/employmentrelatedincentivesAndhrapradeshElectricMobilitypolicy,2018karnatakaElectricvehicleandEnergystoragepolicy,2017R&DgrantskarnatakaElectricvehicleandEnergystoragepolicy,2017TamilNaduTamilNaduElectricvehiclepolicy,2023keralaElectricvehiclepolicy,2019indicationofindirectinitiativeshavebeenconsidered.source:Respectivestategovernmentwebsites;CBREResearch,Q22023Alltheincentivesmentionedabovetobealignedwiththetermsandconditionsmentionedinthecorrespondingpolicies.pleaseclickontherespectivepolicynamesformoredetails.Figure4.2.IndianEvmarkettrends(2018-2022)1,200800600400200250%200%150%100%50%-50%20182019202020212022Figure4.2.IndianEvmarkettrends(2018-2022)1,200800600400200250%200%150%100%50%-50%20182019202020212022Note:E3wincludesgoodsandpassengervehicles;EcarincludesLightMotorvehicles;EBUS:includesHeavyMotor&passengervehicles;othersincludeFourwheelernvalidcarriage),HeavyGoodsvehicles,LightGoods&passengervehiclesandMediumMotor,Goods&passengervehicles;EvregisteredsalesdataduringJanDec2022.collectedfromRTosacross34outof36states&UTsinIndiasource:vahanDashboard,MORTH,Gol,2022;CBREResearch,Q220232022In2022,India'SEvsalesexceededonemillionunits,agrowthofmorethan200%onanannualbasis(refertofigure4.2.).E-2wscontinuedtodominateIndianEvsaleswithashareofabout62%,followedbye-3ws(34%).TheIndianEvmarketisexpectedtogrowatacompoundedAnnualGrowthRate(CAGR)ofabout49%between2021and2030,withannualsalescrossing17millionunitsby2030*.*ImvestIndia,Gol,2022Figure4.1.Fuel-wisesalestrends(2018-2022)30,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000020%14%10%8%4%2%20182019202020212022source:vahanDashboard,MORTH,Gol,CBREResearch,Q22023Figure4.3.state-wiseannualregisteredEvsales*in2022LEGENDIndicates%shareofthetop5statescontributingtothepan-IndiaregisteredEvannualsales%shareofstates&UTsinpan-IndiaregisteredEvannualsalesDelhi-NCRE-2WE-3WE-carAssam4%E-BUSothersEXISTINGKEYEVMANUFACTURINGCLUSTERSGurgaonsanandBangalorechennaiHosurBhiwadiNashikchakanMaharashtrakrishnagiriBaramatiE-3WE-carNote:EvregisteredsalesdataduringJanDec2022,collectedBangalorechennaichakanNashiksanandHalolstates&UTsinIndiakeralaFigure4.3.state-wiseannualregisteredEvsales*in2022LEGENDIndicates%shareofthetop5statescontributingtothepan-IndiaregisteredEvannualsales%shareofstates&UTsinpan-IndiaregisteredEvannualsalesDelhi-NCRE-2WE-3WE-carAssam4%E-BUSothersEXISTINGKEYEVMANUFACTURINGCLUSTERSGurgaonsanandBangalorechennaiHosurBhiwadiNashikchakanMaharashtrakrishnagiriBaramatiE-3WE-carNote:EvregisteredsalesdataduringJanDec2022,collectedBangalorechennaichakanNashiksanandHalolstates&UTsinIndiakeralaHyderabadDharwadDharuheraFaridabadResearch,Q22023Evmanufacturersandmultiplee-mobilitystart-upsareclusteringtooccupythemostprominentautoclustersinIndia.AccordingtothevahanDashboardoftheMinistryofRoadTransportandHighways(MORTH),uttarpradeshfollowedbyMaharashtraandkarnatakadominatedIndia'SEvsalesin2022.Asmentionedinfigure4.3,togetherthesestatesaccountedforabout40%oftheoverallsales.uttarpradeshuttarpradeshAndhrapradeshkarnatakaDharwadHosurTamilNaduGujaratkrishnagirichennaiFigure4.5.AnoverviewoftheLiBvaluechainMining/sourcingcellsandModulecomponentApplicationMidstreamupstreamDownstream-Explorationofminerals-Excavation-supplychain-Imports-separators/membranes-Batterymanagementsystems-Electricvehicles-Figure4.5.AnoverviewoftheLiBvaluechainMining/sourcingcellsandModulecomponentApplicationMidstreamupstreamDownstream-Explorationofminerals-Excavation-supplychain-Imports-separators/membranes-Batterymanagementsystems-Electricvehicles-Energystorage-EOLcollection-Dismantlingandcollectionsource:GlobalEvoutlook,InternationalEnergyAgency,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023Figure4.6.ManufacturingcostandcomponentcostbreakupforLiB8%Rawmaterial14%componentcost23%46%Materialssource:JMK'SLithiumionBattery(LiB)ManufacturingLandscapeInlndia,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023ManufacturinginIndiaIn2022,Indiastood18thonBloombergNEF's(BNEF)GlobalLithium-ionBattery(LiB)supplychainRankings(refertofigure4.4.).Atpresent,Indiaimportsrawmaterialsforlithium-ioncellmanufacturingwhichaccountsfor77%oftheoverallmanufacturingcostofanLiB.However,India'sdependenceonimportedlithiumislikelytoreducesignifcantlywiththediscoveryof5.9milliontonnesoflithiumreservesinJammuandkashmir'SReasiDistrictinFebruary2023.Figure4.4.LiBmanufacturingcapacitybycountry-20221000900th800India'soverallrankin700600 400300200100 3 0chinapolandU.s.HungaryGermanyswedensouthkoreaJapanFranceIndiaotherssource:BNEF'SGlobalLithiumionBatterysupplychainRanking,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023Jammu&kashmirwestBengal141odisha33/11kvcablesandassociatedequipmentforlineandmetersMadhyapradesh235chhattisgarh25Maharashtra317GoaAndhrapradesh266karnatakaInstallationofallchargermodelsapprovedbylocalandpuducherrykeralaTamilNadu281source:MinistryofHeavyIndustries,Gol,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023chargerssanctionedpuneHyderabadchennaiJammu&kashmirwestBengal141odisha33/11kvcablesandassociatedequipmentforlineandmetersMadhyapradesh235chhattisgarh25Maharashtra317GoaAndhrapradesh266karnatakaInstallationofallchargermodelsapprovedbylocalandpuducherrykeralaTamilNadu281source:MinistryofHeavyIndustries,Gol,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023chargerssanctionedpuneHyderabadchennailnphase-loftheFAMEIndiascheme,theMinistryofHeavyIndustriesinstalled479Evchargersagainstthesanctioned520.Further,2,877Evchargersin68citiesacross25states&UTsweresanctionedunderphase-lloftheFAMEIndiascheme.Thestate-wisedetailsofinstalledandsanctionedEvchargersarementionedinfigure4.7.Figure4.7.InstalledandsanctionedEvchargersacrossstates/UTS2525chandigarhHimachalpradesh9chandigarhInfrastructurerequirementsforsettinguttarakhandupanEvchargingstationuttarakhandAssamAssamuttarpradeshDelhi-NCRGurgaonDelhiNCRLandforchargingvehicles29207Bihar37sikkimuttarpradeshDelhi-NCRGurgaonDelhiNCRLandforchargingvehicles29Atransformer,substationJharkhandequipmentandsafetyJharkhand278Mandal278MandalLEGENDEvEvchargersinstalledunderphaseEvchargerssanctionedunderEvchargerssanctionedunderphaselofFAMEIndiaschemestateswithmorethanstateswithmorethan100EVchargerssanctionedEXISTINGKEYLiBCLUSTERS-chennai-Mandal-Hyderabad-Delhi-NCR-pune-Gurgaon-prantij-Mohali-suratFigure5.2.Evinvestmenttrends(2020H12023)4,4306,23017,1401,020H12023202220212020Figure5.2.Evinvestmenttrends(2020H12023)4,4306,23017,1401,020H120232022202120205,00010,00015,00020,000(USDmillion)51%Evcomponentmanufacturerssource:Mediaarticles,2020H12023;CBREResearch,Q220232%Evfleetproviders47%EvmanufacturersNote:shareincumulativevalueEVMarketBymakingtheshifttowardselectricmobility,theIndianEvindustryissteadilybecominganintegralpartoftheautomotivesector.Theyear2022witnessedstronginvestmenttraction,withglobalanddomesticplayersannouncinginvestmentsofoverusD17,140millionintheEVindustry-ay-o-yincreaseofabout287%whencomparedtousD4,430millionin2021(refertofigure5.2.).HalfoftheinvestmentsinthesameperiodweredrivenbyEvcomponentmanufacturers.In2022,nearly90%oftheinvestmentswentintoestablishingEvandbatterymanufacturingfacilities.Figure5.1.keyinvestmentsannouncedinH12023source:Mediaarticles,2023;CBREResearch,Q22023GauthamBudhNagarBhujFigure5.3.state-wisespreadofEvinvestments(2020-H12023)Topstatesdominatingfacilitywiseinvestments**EvmanufacturingTamilNadu,Maharashtra&Haryana～USD28,820millioncumulativeinvestmentvalue(2020H12023)7%uttarpradesh8%Bhiwadi%shareofstates&UTsinpan-IndiaEvinvestments*GauthamBudhNagarBhujFigure5.3.state-wisespreadofEvinvestments(2020-H12023)Topstatesdominatingfacilitywiseinvestments**EvmanufacturingTamilNadu,Maharashtra&Haryana～USD28,820millioncumulativeinvestmentvalue(2020H12023)7%uttarpradesh8%Bhiwadi%shareofstates&UTsinpan-IndiaEvinvestments*Maharashtra&uttarpradeshLEGEND15%Indicates%shareofthetop6statescontributingtothepanIndiaEvinvestments;remainingshareiscontributedbyHaryana,Rajasthan,punjabandMadhyapradeshproposedkeyEvmanufacturingclustersMaharashtra7%otherequipmentkarnataka,Maharashtra&Hosurchennaikrishnagirikarnataka15%Note:*Derivedfromthecumulativeinvestmentvalue:*#TheinvestorsareclassifedbasistheirkeyfocusareaTamilNadusource:Mediaarticles,2020H12023;CBREResearch,Q22023EnablingpolicymeasuresbystategovernmentshavecreatedanindigenousEvmanufacturingecosystembyincentivizingfreshinvestmentsfromglobal/domesticplayers.During2020-H12023,theEVinvestmentswerespreadacrosskeystatessuchasMaharashtra,TamilNadu,karnataka,Gujarat,uttarpradesh,Telanganaetc.Thetopstatesthatdominatedthecumulativevaluearedepictedinfigure5.3.Batterymanufacturingkarnataka,TamilNadu&TelanganaR&Dkarnataka&TamilNaduEvfleetasservice(EFas)operationsuttarpradesh22materialsmaterialsLEGENDIndustriesResidentialandcommercialparkinglotsworkshopsmaintenanceofficesRetailstoreswarehousesmaterialsmaterialsLEGENDIndustriesResidentialandcommercialparkinglotsworkshopsmaintenanceofficesRetailstoreswarehousesASEvsgainpopularity,theyarespringingupseveralrealestateopportunitiesthroughouttheirlifecycle.ThekeyrealestatecomponentsinanEV'slifecyclestartsfrommanufacturingandextendstologistics,retailspacerequirementsandinstallationofEvcharginginfrastructureinresidentialandcommercialproperties.Figure6.1:keycomponentsofRealEstateinanEV'SLifecycleupstreamMidstreamDownstreamupstreamBatteryconsumerfacing/Batteryconsumerfacing/salesrefningandExplorationandrecyclingcriticalExplorationandvehicleusagevehicleusage vehicleassemblyEndofvehicleusabilityEvcomponentsshowroomsEvchargingsource:CBREResearch,Q2202323withthegovernmentaimingtowidenEvadoption,weexpectthattherealestaterequirementsofEvandbatterymanufacturingfacilitieswouldalsoincreaseexponentiallyoverthecomingyearsashighlightedbelow.E-4WS(manufacturingfacilities)cumulativesales(2023-30):4mnunitsArearequiredformanufacturingfacilityby2030-11mnsq.ft.E-2WS(manufacturingfacilities)cumulativesales(2023-30):23mnunitsArearequiredformanufacturingfacilityby2030-2mnsq.ft.Evbatteries(manufacturingfacilities)Requirementby2030:200GwhArearequiredformanufacturingfacilityby2030-2,400acresAssumptions:E-4w:~10mnsq.ft.ofmanufacturingspacerequiredonanaverageforannualproductioncapacityof1millionunitsE-2w:~o.4mnsq.ft.ofmanufacturingspacerequiredonanaverageforannualproductioncapacityof1millionunitsE-batteries:~1,200acresoflandrequiredforproductionof10OGwhbatteryproductionandandthescopeforfutureexpansionoperationalcostsadequateopenspacesandsustainabilityfeaturesimplementautomatedtechnologiesandtemperaturecontrolledfacilitiesstatelevelpolicies?choosesitesinproximitytotransporthubsandensureeasyaccesstodry&wetportsforexportsclearancesandanoncontentioustitleavailabilityandaccesstorawmaterialsandtemperaturecontrolledfacilitiesBuilt-to-suit(BTS)andleasedfacilitiesarelargelypreferredbyEvmanufacturersatpresentinIndiaduetoeaseofcapitaldeployment,flexibilityinleaseterms,speedtomarketandlocationadvantages.However,anownedfacilitywouldprovidemorescopeforcustomization,savemonthlyrentaloutgoingsandhasbetterprospectsforlandpriceappreciation.Figure6.2:keyentrystrategiesforEvmanufacturersbuildingdesign&specsandconnectivityandbuildingtechnicalcodesforbatterystoragefacilitiesdownstreamindustries?Assessthequalityoflocalinfrastructuresource:CBREResearch,Q220232425Industrialparks&standaloneManufacturingFacilitiesInvestorsManufacturersDevelopers/landlords?Focusonmulti-sourcinshoringstrategiestoworkstransportationnodes?TargetsuitablefacilitiesorpartnerwithlandlordstoenhanceassetsmanufacturingcapabilitiesefficienciesNote:TheabovestrategiesarelargelyapplicableforBTsspaces;however,canbeconsideredforleasedfacilitiesonacasecasebasissource:CBREResearch,Q22023Developers/landlordswarehousesInvestorsManufacturersDevelopers/landlords?setupEvwarehousesclosertoautoclusters/manufacturinghubs?setuphigh-specificatLiBswhichwouldrequirecontrolledenvironmentsefficienciesnearconsumptionhubs;partnerthermalmonitoringsystemforbatteries,AutomatedGuidedvehicles(AGVS)toimproveoperationalefficienciesinwarehousesNote:TheabovestrategiesareNote:TheabovestrategiesarelargelyapplicableforBTsspaces;however,canbeconsideredforleasedfacilitiesonacasecasebasissource:CBREResearch,Q2202328Totalbuilt-uparea0.4-0.5mnsq.ft.clearheight12-14mpowerloadFloorloadingcapacity300-400Totalbuilt-uparea0.4-0.5mnsq.ft.clearheight12-14mpowerloadFloorloadingcapacity300-400KVA5ton/sq.m.Batterystorageareamin20,