適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)Unit2Lessonsinlife外研版選擇性必修第四冊

Unit2LessonsinlifeⅠ.閱讀理解AAasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottle-openingdevices.Sheusedapieceofwoodshapedlikeacellphoneandputthreeholesonit,eachindifferentsizeandlinedwithalayerofdried,stickyhotglue,whichprovidedfirmgrips(防滑力)forcommonbottlecaps.Withasimpletwisting(擰)motion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview,”saidTeacherMarkBolt.“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”O(jiān)therstudentsintheclassalsoshowedsensitivityastheywatchedfriendsandfamilystrugglewithdailytasks.MichaelKuwashimanoticedhowdyslexia—areadingdisorderthatthebraintendstoconfusetheorderofnumbers,lettersandotherimages—madeitdifficultforafriendtofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Therefore,Michaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindow-blind-styledevice.“Myfriendcouldisolate(分離)smallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.ArjanGargfocusedonadifferentproblem.Sometimesputtingonclothescanbehardforpeoplewithalimitedrangeofmotion.Arjancreateda“dressingstick”usingfourwoodsticksofdifferentsizestofitdifferentclothing.Thestudentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductsalongthewaytomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.Ratherthanrequirestep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.1.WhydidAasrithacreateanewbottle-openingdevice?A.Shehopedtogetahigherscore.B.Shewasinterestedinengineering.C.Shehaddifficultyopeningbottlecaps.D.Shewantedtohelphergrandmother.2.Whatdidstudentslearnfromtheclass?A.Workingwithothers.B.Conductingfieldexperiments.C.Understandingothers’feelings.D.Communicatingwithproductusers.3.Howdidstudentsfinishtheirassignment?A.Withtheaidofaguidebook.B.Throughtrialanderror.C.Withthehelpofclassmates.D.Underthedetailedinstructions.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aninspiringclass.B.Anexcellentteacher.C.Somescientificmethods.D.Sometalentedstudents.BYoudrinkdietsodaenjoyingthesweettastewithouttheguiltofcalories.Butscientistshavelongsuspectedalinkbetweenartificialsweeteners(甜味劑)andobesityinhumans.Anewstudysuggeststhatartificialsweetenersmaynotbeasharmlessasoncethought.Theymaynotonlydisturbthemicrobes(微生物)livinginthebodiesofhumans,butsomemayevenincreasetheriskofweightgain.Everyhumanhostsauniquegroupofmicrobes.Thenumberofcellsthatmakeupthisvastcommunity,calledmicrobiome(微生物群),isextremelylargeinthehumanbody.Itnotonlyhelpsdigestionbutalsoprotectsagainstdiseases.Thedisturbancetothemicrobiomeoccursbecauseartificialsweeteners,althoughzerocaloriesforhumans,serveasnutrientsforsomemicrobes,whichthenincreaserapidly.Thiscausesanimbalanceinmicrobialpopulationsthatcanleadtodiseases.Inthestudy,scientistsfirstchose1,375volunteerstoseeiftheyconsumedartificialsweetenersintheirdailylives.Then,theyidentified120volunteerswhowerenotpreviouslyexposedtoartificialsweetenersandgavethemoneofthefourcommonlyusedsweeteners—saccharin,sucralose,aspartame,andsteviafortwoweeks.Afterthat,totesthowartificialsweetenersaffectthebody’sabilitytocontrolthesuddenincreaseofbloodsugarafterconsumingsugaraspartofmeals,volunteersweremonitoredforbloodglucose(血糖)levelsafteratestglucosedrink.Thestudyshowedthatsucraloseandsaccharinpushedthebodytowardsglucoseintolerance,which,ifsustained,cancauseweightgain.However,aspartameandsteviadidnotaffectglucosetoleranceatthetestedlevels.“Thestudyisthefirsttoshowthatthehumanmicrobiomerespondstoartificialsweeteners.It’salsoaconvincingstudytoshowhowthesesweetenersreallyareaffectingthehumanbody,”saysMichaelGoran,aprofessoratChildren’sHospitalLosAngeles.“Thisstudyprovidesevidenceofbothshort-termharmfuleffectsandlong-termnegativeeffectscausedbyartificialsweeteners,”DavidKatz,anutritionspecialist,says.“Thatdoesnotmeanartificialsweetenersshouldbereplacedwithsugar.Rather,alternativeapproachestoreducingsugarintakeshouldbeconsidered.”5.Whatdoesthenewstudyreveal?A.Dietsodacontainsmorecaloriesthansugarydrinks.B.Exercisecanhelppeoplereducetheriskofdiseases.C.Artificialsweetenershavenegativeeffectsonhumans.D.Obesityisthemostcommonhealthproblemamongadults.6.Howdosweetenersdisturbthemicrobiome?A.Itprobablydestroysthefunctionofdigestion.B.Itusuallycausesarapidlossofhealthycells.C.Itsometimesfeedsharmfulbacteriainthebody.D.Itoftenleadstoasharpgrowthofcertainmicrobes.7.Whichaspectoftheexperimentistalkedaboutinparagraph3?A.Itsresults.B.Itsprocess.C.Itsbackground.D.Itssubjects.8.WhatdoesDavidKatzadvisepeopletodo?A.Introduceataxonsugarydrinks.B.Bantheuseofartificialsweeteners.C.Raisethepricesofsugar-freedrinks.D.Findotherwaystolimitsugarintake.CAnumberofrecentstudiesoffamiliesinseveralAsiancountrieshelptoshedlightonhowgrandparentsareinvolvedincoparenting,whichresearchersdefineasthesharingofchildcareandupbringingresponsibilityamongtwoormoreadults.Thesestudiessuggestthatchildrenbenefitwhenparentshavestrongrelationshipswithcoparentinggrandparents.ResearcherLiXiaoweiandhercoworkersrecentlyexploredparent-grandparentcoparentinginChina,whereitisverycommon.Intheir2019study,nearly180mothersofpreschoolerscompletedquestionnaires(問卷調(diào)查)abouttheircoparenting.Themajorityoffamilieslivedinthree-generationalhouseholds,and80%offamilieshadonlyonechild.Thequestionnaireaskedaboutpositiveaspectsoftheparent-grandparentcoparentingrelationship,likehowmuchtheyagreedandfeltcloseaswellaschallengingaspectslikehowmuchtheyhadconflictinfrontofthechild.Theresearchersalsomeasuredhowcompetentmothersfeltinusingparentingstrategiesandteachingtheirchildrenage-appropriateskills.Thefindings?Motherswhohadstrongcoparentingrelationshipswithgrandparentstendedtofeelmoreeffectiveintheirroleasaparent,and,inturn,theirchildrentendedtobemoresociallycompetent.That’sbecausegrandparents,withtheirrichexperience,canprovidesupport,rolemodeling,andencouragementwhentheyraisechildren,whichcouldinfluencehowcompetentmothersfeelintheirparentingrole.Andwhenmothersarefeelingmoreconfident,theycanapproachparentingwithmorepositivity,whichcanboosttheirchildren’ssocialdevelopment.Parent-grandparentcoparentingalsoseemstoinfluenceotheraspectsofchildren’sdevelopment,suchaspreschoolers’effortfulcontrol—theirabilitytoregulatehowtheyrespondtoasituationandnoticenoveltyormistakes.Forpreschoolers,itmightcomeintoplaywhentheygetagifttheydon’tlike,orhavetofigureouthowtosharetoys.Thisresearchongrandparentshighlightsthathandlingthecoparentingrelationshipisnotwithoutitschallenges.Butgrandparents’involvementinchildren’supbringingcanbringgreatbenefitsforfamiliesandgrandparentsthemselves.9.Whatmightbeincludedinthequestionnaire?A.Grandparents’agegap.B.Thesupportgrandparentsgive.C.Theincomethefamilyhave.D.Grandparents’attitudetoeducation.10.Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?A.Parentsandgrandparentscangetalongwell.B.Mothers’abilityhasaneffectontheirchildren.C.Goodcoparentingrelationshipsbenefitchildren.D.Parent-grandparentcoparentingisbecomingpopular.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5probablyreferto?A.Effortfulcontrol.B.Theresponse.C.Thedevelopment.D.Themistake.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheTrendofCoparentingIsCatchingoninAsiaB.HowYoungParentsThinkofGrandparents’HelpC.CoparentingRelationshipsAreBecomingComfortableD.WhatHappensWhenGrandparentsHelpRaiseChildrenⅡ.完形填空Growingup,Iwasfortunatetohavedinnerwithmyfamilyalmosteveryday.Sometimes,thefamilydinnercircle1toincluderelativesstoppingby.Yet,Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneroreven2theentireevening.SoI3thequalitytimearoundourkitchentable,whichwitnessedcountlessvaluable4inmylife.

5,mykidscannotrelatetomychildhoodmemories.Theyhavebeenleftto6withbabysittersmoretimesthanIwouldliketoadmit.MyhusbandandIhave7careers.Andweoftenendupstayingattheofficewaypastdinnertime.Whenthishappenstoooften,it8thebalanceofourfamily.

Apartfromsufferingfrom9,whatelsecanahardworkingfamilydo?Ithinkwecanalltryto10ourownwaystospendtimetogether.SurelytherearedayswhenI’mtoobusytoshareamealwithmyfamily.ButIwouldmakeeffortsto11andchatlaterthatday,12settingasidecellphoneseverytime.AndIevenfindabedtimereadingwithmykidsmuch13.Iamalsoproudtohaveour“bigbreakfast”routineeverySaturday.Myhusbandservesastheheadchef,andmyyoungerson14himtomakethebreakfast.

Iamawarethatmysonsaregrowingupquicklyandwillbeoutofthe15someday.Butnow,Iamhappytohavesomanywonderfulthingsonmyplate.

1.A.widenedB.formedC.lessened D.closed2.A.missed B.avoidedC.enjoyed D.recorded3.A.wasted B.treasuredC.limited D.calculated4.A.shows B.dishesC.recipes D.moments5.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Besides6.A.sleep B.dineC.study D.play7.A.suitable B.flexibleC.satisfying D.demanding8.A.maintains B.disturbsC.improves D.strikes9.A.fear B.angerC.guilt D.hunger10.A.predict B.createC.evaluate D.accept11.A.workout B.calmdownC.holdon D.catchup12.A.unwillingly B.casuallyC.consciously D.carelessly13.A.louder B.shorterC.simpler D.sweeter14.A.assists B.guidesC.allows D.orders15.A.office B.kitchenC.house D.parkⅢ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Afterbeingbusyforhalfayear,myparentsdecidedtodrivemetoascenicspotoutsidethecitytohavefun.Joyfully,weplannedourdrivingroute.Then,onaDecemberSaturdaymorning,mydadstartedhiscarandwesetoffwithgreatexpectations.Beforelong,weleftthenoisycityandcametothemountains.Therewerefewvehiclesontheroadandthetreesalongsidewerepretty.Wefeltsoexcited!Asafewhourspassed,wedroveontoanarrowroad.Andminuteslater,wefoundarivernotfarawayfromtheroad.Thebeachwasverywide,andwewantedtohavearestthereforawhile.Somydadturnedourcaranddrovetowardsit.Soon,weweredrivingonthesandybeach.Momentslater,ourcarwheelswerestrugglingintheincreasinglysoftsand.Butmydadwantedtogetclosertotheriver.Beforeheregrettedit,ourcarhadgotstuckinthesand.Mydadtriedtoturnaroundormoveback,butthecardidn’tmove.Wewereworried,trappedinthemiddleofnowhere.Evenworse,itbeganrainingandwascold.Wegotoutofthecarandtriedtopushit,butfailed.Afteracoupleofminutes,weweretiredandourhairandcoatswerealittlewet.Butthecaronlysankfurtherintothesand.Anxiously,wewalkedtotheroad,eagertostopavehicleandletithelppullourcaroutofthesand.Ourcoatsandhairwerewetterandwetter.Beforethejourney,wehadn’tpreparedumbrellasorcarriedanyfood.Now,wewerehungryandcold,standingintherain.Afterwaitingforalongtime,therewasn’tonevehiclepassing.Justwhenwewerehelpless,wesawafarmhousenotfaraway.“Cantheyhelpus?”Iasked.Mydadwasdoubtful.Still,wereachedthere,andfounditwasabigfamily.Theyseemedpoorandunfriendly.Mydadtoldthemourproblemandbeggedthemtohelpuspullourcarout.注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式作答。Tooursurprise,theynoddedwithoutthinking.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mydadwassogratefulthathehandedsomemoneytothefamilytothankthem.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit2LessonsinlifeⅠ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在CarsonMiddleSchool八年級的機械工程課上,學(xué)生們不僅學(xué)會了通過對現(xiàn)有設(shè)備進行改造使周圍人的生活更加便利,而且還學(xué)會了站在他人的角度思考問題,關(guān)心他人的需求。1.D推理判斷題。由第一段內(nèi)容可知,Aasritha要發(fā)明一種新的開瓶裝置是因為她想幫助她的祖母。故選D項。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中的“Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview”可知,該課程教會學(xué)生們理解他人的感受,故選C項。3.B推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的“Ratherthanrequirestep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.”可知,學(xué)生是通過自主探索、試驗來完成創(chuàng)造的,故選B項。4.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,尤其是第一段內(nèi)容和第三段中的“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview”可知,文章主要講述CarsonMiddleSchool八年級的機械工程課幫助學(xué)生們創(chuàng)造了一些設(shè)備,同時教會學(xué)生從他人角度思考問題,因此文章主要講述了一門有啟發(fā)性的課。故選A項。【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人工甜味劑并非像人們曾經(jīng)以為的那樣無害。5.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Anewstudysuggeststhatartificialsweetenersmaynotbeasharmlessasoncethought.”可知,之前人們認(rèn)為喝無糖飲料無害健康,而這項新的研究表明,其中的人造甜味劑是有害健康的。故選C項。6.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Thedisturbancetothemicrobiomeoccursbecauseartificialsweeteners,althoughzerocaloriesforhumans,serveasnutrientsforsomemicrobes,whichthenincreaserapidly.”可知,甜味劑為某種微生物提供營養(yǎng),使它數(shù)量猛增,影響菌群平衡。故選D項。7.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Inthestudy,scientistsfirstchose...Then,theyidentified...andgavethem...Afterthat,totest...”可知,本段主要說了實驗的過程。故選B項。8.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“Thatdoesnotmeanartificialsweetenersshouldbereplacedwithsugar.Rather,alternativeapproachestoreducingsugarintakeshouldbeconsidered.”可知,David建議人們不要再喝有人工甜味劑的飲料,也不建議喝含糖飲料,而是應(yīng)該思考別的減少糖分?jǐn)z入的方法。故選D項?！菊Z篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關(guān)于“孩子的祖父母與孩子的父母共同撫養(yǎng)孩子”的現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn):當(dāng)孩子的父母與祖父母關(guān)系密切時,這種共同撫養(yǎng)關(guān)系會使孩子受益。9.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thequestionnaireaskedaboutpositiveaspectsoftheparent-grandparentcoparentingrelationship,likehowmuchtheyagreedandfeltcloseaswellaschallengingaspectslikehowmuchtheyhadconflictinfrontofthechild.”可知,問卷調(diào)查涉及共同撫養(yǎng)關(guān)系中積極的方面,由此推斷祖父母給予的支持屬于積極的方面。10.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段末句、第四段末句以及尾段末句可知,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)良好的共同撫養(yǎng)關(guān)系會讓孩子受益。11.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段畫線詞前句和所在句子可知,父母和祖父母的共同養(yǎng)育會影響孩子的努力控制能力,因此當(dāng)孩子收到不喜歡的禮物或需要弄清楚如何分享玩具時,這種控制力可能就會發(fā)揮作用。所以代詞it代指前句中的“努力控制能力”。12.D主旨大意題。文章在首段末句“Thesestudiessuggestthatchildrenbenefitwhenparentshavestrongrelationshipswithcoparentinggrandparents.”提出調(diào)查結(jié)果:在孩子的祖父母與父母關(guān)系良好的情況下,共同撫養(yǎng)對孩子是有益的;然后詳細(xì)介紹了這項調(diào)查,最后在文章末尾再次重申這個觀點,由此推斷D選項“WhatHappensWhenGrandparentsHelpRaiseChildren”可以作為最佳標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章圍繞“共享親子時光”這一話題展開,體現(xiàn)親情的可貴。1.A根據(jù)下文“toincluderelativesstoppingby”可知,家里的用餐規(guī)模會擴大,以容納這些來訪的親戚。2.A根據(jù)空前“parentsgothomeafterdinneroreven...”可知,此處和上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,即父母會在晚飯時間之后回家,甚至是錯過一整個晚上。3.B設(shè)空處上文提到“Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneroreventheentireevening”,因此,作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的親子時光。

4.D根據(jù)空前的“qualitytime”可知,餐桌旁見證了“我”人生中無數(shù)珍貴的瞬間。5.A結(jié)合空前“kitchentable,whichwitnessedcountlessvaluableinmylife”與下文“Theyhavebeenlef