2024屆高考英語 二輪復習 閱讀理解 模擬練習（有答案解析）

Passage1AsIlayhereinmyhard,uncomfortablehospitalbed,allIcouldthinkaboutwashowbadlyIwantedtoleavethisplace.Ithadbeenfourdaysofdoctorsgivingbadnews,medicineinjections,procedures,MRIsandrestlessnights.IhadbeenabletoeatonemealadayduetothesurgeriesIwasscheduledforlater.Iaskedmymumtobringmemycarkeysandonmykeychaintherewasasoftpieceofleathermadefrommyfirstbaseballglove.Shelookedworriedandsad,handingthekeychaintome.Inthefibresoftheleatherweresomanymemoriesthathadtransformedmeasaperson.Igrabbedmykeysandtouchedasmoothpieceofleather.Itwasanicecoffeebrownandabout3inchesinlength.EverytimeItouchedit,Iwouldthinkofonething—baseball.ThekeychainwasmadefrommyfirstbaseballglovethatIcherishedsomuch.ItcarriedgreatmomentslikechampionshipsaswellasmomentswhenIstruckoutandlost.Allofasudden,mynursewalkedinandIjumpedwhenIheardhervoice.Shedidn’tmeantointerrupt,butIneededmoremedicine.Oncesheleft,Ifocusedbackandgraspedthecowhide.Irubbedmyfingersupanddownjustfeelingthisreminderofthegame.IttookmeonawildroadtripthroughmybrainandIwouldstopateachbaseballmemory.ThistimeIbegantopicturethepeoplethatwereinvolvedinmybaseballlife.Iopenedmyeyes,realisingtheroadtripthatIusedtobeonhadgonewiththewind.Mygazeshiftedtotheclockontheoppositewall.Almostanhourhadpassed!Evenintoughtimesthethingsandpeopleyoulovecouldhelpyouescapeandyouwouldgetoverallthedifficulties.1.Whatmadetheauthor’smotherworried?A.Theauthor’sskillinbaseball.B.Theauthor’sattitudetohislife.C.Theauthor’spresentsituation.D.Thepoorconditionofthehospital.2.Whydidtheauthortreasurethekeychain?A.Itbroughtbackplentyofmemories.B.Itwassoftandcomfortabletotouch.C.Ithadwitnessedhisgreatmoments.D.Itwasmadefromoneofhisbaseballgloves.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cowhide”inparagraph3mean?A.Medicine.B.Baseball.C.Glove. D.Leather.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorfeelsdepressed.B.Theauthorisconfidentofhisfuture.C.Theauthorcherisheshispastexperience.D.Theauthorfeelstiredofthelifeinthehospital.Passage2Whatshouldwegetforourkidsthisholiday?Aschildrengetolder,givingthemsomethingtheycanexperienceinsteadofmaterialthingsmakesthemhappier,accordingtoanewresearchledbyChaplin.Theresearchcomparesthelevelofhappinesschildrengetfrommaterialthingswiththatfromexperiences.Theresultsshowsthatchildrenaged3through12getmorehappinessfrommaterialthingsthanfromexperiences.However,olderchildrengetmorehappinessfromexperiencesthanfromtheirpossessions.“Itmeansexperiencesarehighlypreferredbyadolescents,notjustexpensivematerialthings,”Chaplinsays.Shecontinuesexplaining,“Don’tgetmewrong.Youngchildrendoloveexperiences.Andgiventhisconcept,themeparkssuchasDisneylandarebeingbuilteverywhere.Infact,youngchildrenareexcitedthroughouttheexperience.However,forexperiencestoprovidelastinghappiness,childrenmustbeabletorecalldetailsoftheevents.”Longaftertheyhaveunwrappedtheirtoys,therewillstillbeaphysicalremindertogivethemhappiness.However,youngchildrencan’tseeortouchexperiencesaftertheyareover,makingitharderforthemtoappreciateexperiencesafteralongtime.There’saneasyfix,though,accordingtoChaplin.“Takepicturesorvideosoffamilywalks,playinginthesnow,andbirthdayparties,”shesays.“Childrenarelikelytoappreciatethoseexperiencesmoreifthereissomethingtoremindthemoftheevent.Additionally,they’llbeabletolearnthesocialvalueofsharedexperiences.”Childrenwillrememberandappreciatenotonlythebirthdaygiftstheyreceived,butalsothetimespentwithfamilyandfriendsastheyrecalltheexperiencethroughconcretereminderssuchasphotosandvideos.Sincememoryisdevelopedovertime,it’slikelythatchildren,especiallyyoungones,maynotgetasmuchhappinessfrompastexperiencesasfrompossessions.Butwithage,creatingnewmemoriesandexploringnewinterestsmaybefarmorevaluablethangettingpossessions.5.WhyarethemeparksspringingupaccordingtoChaplin?A.Theycanofferchildrenlastinghappiness.B.Eventsinthemarecentredonspecificthemes.C.Directinvolvementineventstherecaterstochildren.D.Kidshaveanaffectionfortheatmospheretheyoffer.6.Theunderlinedword“fix”inparagraph4canbereplacedby“”.

A.solution B.arrangementC.preparation D.focus7.WhichofthefollowingwouldChaplinprobablyagreewith?A.Videosappealtochildrenmorethangifts.B.Toysarenotkids’cupoftea.C.Olderchildrenvaluefamilytimemorethanyoungerones.D.Physicalremindershelprememberpastexperiencesbetter.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Experiencesarebettergiftsforolderchildren.B.Socialvaluesshouldbeputinthefirstplace.C.Newinterestsaremostpreciousforchildren.D.Materialpossessionsbringmorehappinesstochildren.Passage3Withlunarexplorationrocketing,itposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisafundamentalquestionmetrologists(計量學家)worldwideareworkingtoanswer:whattimeisitontheMoon?TheMoondoesn’tcurrentlyhaveanindependenttime.Eachlunarmissionusesitsowntimescaletocoordinateduniversaltime,orUTC—thestandardagainstwhichtheearth’sclocksareset.TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions,butitwillbeaproblemwhentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswillalsowanttotrackthemusingsatellitenavigation,whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.Themostpressingneedforlunartimecomesfromplanstocreateadedicatedglobalnavigationsatellitesystem(GNSS)fortheMoon.Totacklethisproblem,representativesofspaceagenciesandacademicorganizationsworldwidemetinNovember2022tostartdraftingrecommendationsonhowtodefinelunartime.Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clockstickslowerinstrongergravitationalfields.TheMoon’sgravitationalpullisweakerthanEarth’s,meaningalunarclockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.Definingalunarstandard,withwhichallclocksarecompared,willinvolveinstallingatleastthreemasterclocksthattickattheMoon’snaturalpace,andwhoseoutputiscombinedbyanalgorithm(算法)togenerateamoreaccurate‘virtual’timepiece.Whathappensthendependsonwhichoptionmetrologistschoose.TheymightdecidetobaselunartimeonUTC.Thealternativewouldbetousethesynthesized(同步)outputofthelunaratomicclocksastheMoon’sownindependent,continuoustime,andtotrackitsrelationshiptoUTC.Thatway,eveniftheconnectionwithEarthislost,clocksontheMoonwillstillagreewitheachother,allowingsafenavigationandcommunications.Settinglunartimeispartofamuchbiggerpicture.Itwillonedayworkforthemore-distantplanetsthatspaceagenciesareultimatelytargeting,suchasMars.9.What’sthemainideaofparagraph2?A.TheworkingprincipleofUTC.B.Theachievementsofspacemission.C.Theurgencytodevelopsatellitenavigation.D.Theproblemofcurrentlunartimingmethod.10.Whatisthemajorbarriertodefininglunartime?A.Lackofprofessionalguidance.B.Thedisagreementamongmetrologists.C.DifferentgravitationalpullontheMoon.D.Thecomplexityofinstallingmasterclocks.11.What’stheadvantageofdefiningtheMoon’sindependenttime?A.KeepingtheclocksontheMooncorresponding.B.PreventingspacecraftlosingconnectionwiththeEarth.C.Helpinghumanslandonthemore-distantplanets.D.MakingiteasiertosynchronizewithUTCallthetime.12.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.WhatTimeIsItontheMoon?B.WhenwillManSettleontheMoon?C.Lunarexploration:ACareerBoundtoReviveD.GNSS:AMorePreciseLunarTrackingSystemPassage4Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone’sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheadolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapableasadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheircriminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfordifferentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuroscientificsenseifwediditreasonably.Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn’thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right”ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?A.Allthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.B.Scientists’brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians’.C.Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn’tmatureuntil18.D.Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?A.Favorable.B.Skeptical.C.Indifferent. D.Intolerant.15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.It’sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.B.ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthanthatoftheUSA.C.It’sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.D.Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.16.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?B.CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?C.ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?D.CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?Passage5Anewstudylooksathowpetsprovideimportantsupportthroughpetting,cuddles(擁抱),andafrequentphysicalpresence.Thisisespeciallykeywhenpeoplefeellonely.Theresearchersinterviewed32peopleaged59to83.Petsincludeddogs,cats,birds,etc.Morethan90%ofthepeoplespokeabouttouchintherelationshipwiththeirpets.“Participantsoftendescribedtouch-basedinteractionswiththeirpetsasbeingcomfortingorrelaxinginawaythatcontributedtotheiroverallwell-being,”theresearcherssay.“Forourparticipants,comfortisthesenseofbeingsomehowcaredforbyanotherbeing.”Manypeopleinthestudyspokeabouthowtheirpetsjustseemedto“know”whentheyweren’tfeelingwellandthey’dmovetogetphysicallynearthem.Differentpetswerebetteratprovidingcomfort,someparticipantsinsisted.Manysaidcatsweremorerelaxingthandogs,whileotherssaiddogscouldberelaxingaslongastheywere“therightkindofdog”.Butalmostallpetsprovidedsomesortofcomforttotheirownerswhenitcametotouch.JanetteYoung,lecturerinhealthsciencesattheUniversityofSouthAustralia,andherteamuncoveredaninterestingthingaboutthepet-humanrelationship.Peopleinthestudyoftenspokeabouthowtheiranimalsdemandedtobepettedorseemedtotakejoyintheinteraction.This,inturn,madethehumansfeelgood.Theresearcherssuggestthatpetscanbe“helpfulinreducingtouchdeprivation(匱乏)”andthebenefitscancomefromallkindsofpets.Thisconnectioncanbeparticularlyimportantinhealthcareandseniorcaresettingswherepatientsandworkersarelesslikelytobeabletoseefriendsandfamily;yettouchisimportantandcanimprovehealthandhappiness.Petscanalsoofferbenefitsthatinsomecasespeoplecan’toffer.“Relationshipswithpetsaredifferenttothosewithhumans,”Youngsays.“Animalsdon’tjudgeandarealwayswithus.”17.Aboutwhatdidsomeparticipantsholddifferentopinions?A.Whatpetswerebetteratprovidingcomfort.B.Whetherpetscouldmakethemfeelrelaxed.C.Howtheyfeltwhentheirpetstouchedthem.D.Whenpetscouldnoticetheirowners’discomfort.18.WhatdidJanetteYoungfindaboutthepet-humanrelationship?A.Itisfullofjudgments.B.Itturnsouttemporary.C.Itbenefitsbothparties.D.Itisdeterminedbypets.19.Whatmayresearcherssuggesthospitalsdo?A.Encouragepetconnectionprogrammes.B.Raisepetstoreducehumantouch.C.Selectthebestpetcompanions.D.Orderworkers’friendstopayvisits.20.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Humansneedspiritualsupport.B.Pet-humaninteractionsarecommon.C.Lonelypeoplelikelivingwithpets.D.Petsofferhumanstouch-basedcomfort.Passage6Whenputtotests,beeshavelongprovedthatthey’vegotalotmoretoofferthanpollinating(授粉),makinghoneyandbeingloyaltoaqueen.Thehard-workinginsectscanchangetheirbehaviorwhenthingsseemdifficult,andnowsomescientistsfindthereisproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.ScientistsfromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonperformedanexperiment,inwhichtheysetupacontainerthatallowedbeestotravelfromtheirnesttoafeedingarea.Butalongtheway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthroughaseparatesectionwithsomesmallwoodenballs.Over18days,thescientistswatchedasthebees“wentoutoftheirwaytorollwoodenballsrepeatedly,despitenoapparentincentive(刺激)todoso.”Earlierstudieshaveshownthattheblackandyellowbugsarewillingtolearnnewtricksinexchangeforfoodorotherrewards.Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientistsmadesurethebeeshadadaptedtotheirnewhomeandthattheirenvironmentwasstress-free.Thefindingsuggeststhatlikehumans,insectsalsointeractwithobjectsasaformofplay.Alsosimilartopeople,youngerbeesseemtobemoreplayfulthanadultbees.“Thisresearchprovidesastrongindicationthatinsectmindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanweimagine.Therearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeofenjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmammals(哺乳動物)andbirds,”saidLarsChittka,aprofessorofsensoryandbehavioralecologyatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,wholedthestudy.Thestudy’sfirstauthor,SamadiGalpay,whoisaPhDstudentatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,statesthatitismoreevidentthatbeesmaybecapableofexperiencingfeelings.“Theymayactuallyexperiencesomekindofpositiveemotionalstates,evenifbasic,likeotherlargeranimalsdo.Thisfindinghaseffectsonourunderstandingofthesenseandwelfareofinsects,which,consequently,encouragesustorespectandprotectwildlifeonEarthevermore,”shesays.21.Whatisthenewfindingaboutbees?A.Theyarefondofhavingfun.B.Theyarefaithfultothequeen.C.Theyareadaptabletochanges.D.Theyareskilledatrollingballs.22.Howdidscientistsremoveexternalinfluencesintheexperiment?A.Byteachingbeesnewtricks.B.Byrewardingbeeswithfood.C.Bymakingbeesfeelathome.D.Bybuildingnewhomesforbees.23.WhatareLarsChittka’swordsmainlyabout?A.Theformsofbees’interaction.B.Thecomplexityofbees’minds.C.Theexamplesofmammals’play.D.Thepurposeofmammals’enjoyment.24.WhatdoesSamadiGalpaysayaboutthestudyresult?A.Itbacksuppriorunderstandingofinsects.B.Itrevealsreasonsforbees’positivefeelings.C.Itdrivesresearchonanimals’emotionalstate.D.ItcontributestowildlifeconservationonEarth.

【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己生病住院期間,在最難熬的日子里回憶起了很多過去的時光并對未來充滿了希望。1.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Ithadbeenfourdaysofdoctorsgivingbadnews,medicineinjections,procedures,MRIsandrestlessnights.”可知,作者的狀況不好,這讓他的媽媽非常擔心。故選C項。2.A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Inthefibresoftheleatherweresomanymemoriesthathadtransformedmeasaperson.”可知,因為鑰匙鏈承載著很多回憶,因此作者很珍惜它。故選A項。3.D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“Irubbedmyfingersupanddownjustfeelingthisreminderofthegame.IttookmeonawildroadtripthroughmybrainandIwouldstopateachbaseballmemory.”可知,cowhide指第二段首句“Igrabbedmykeysandtouchedasmoothpieceofleather.”中提到的leather。故選D項。4.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Evenintoughtimesthethingsandpeopleyoulovecouldhelpyouescapeandyouwouldgetoverallthedifficulties.”可知,作者對未來很有信心。故選B項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明,隨著孩子年齡的增長,給他們一些可以體驗的東西比給他們物質(zhì)的東西可以使孩子們更快樂。5.C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Itmeansexperiencesarehighlypreferredbyadolescents,notjustexpensivematerialthings,...Andgiventhisconcept,themeparkssuchasDisneylandarebeingbuilteverywhere.Infact,youngchildrenareexcitedthroughouttheexperience.”可知,參與活動更能迎合孩子的喜好,這正是主題公園興起的原因。故選C項。6.A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前一句“However,youngchildrencan’tseeortouchexperiencesaftertheyareover,makingitharderforthemtoappreciateexperiencesafteralongtime.”可知,畫線詞fix應為“解決方法”之意。故選A項。7.D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知,孩子能通過有形的事情,比如照片和視頻,更好地回憶過去的美好。故選D項。8.A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Aschildrengetolder,givingthemsomethingtheycanexperienceinsteadofmaterialthingsmakesthemhappier...”可知,給孩子們一些可以體驗的東西,會讓他們更快樂;再根據(jù)第二段中的“However,olderchildrengetmorehappinessfromexperiencesthanfromtheirpossessions.”可知,年齡稍大的孩子從經(jīng)歷中獲得的快樂比從他們擁有的東西中獲得的多。由此可推斷,經(jīng)歷對年長的孩子來說是更好的禮物。故選A項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是設定月球時間的必要性、面臨的挑戰(zhàn),以及設定月球時間的方案。9.D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions,butitwillbeaproblemwhentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswillalsowanttotrackthemusingsatellitenavigation,whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.”可知,當多個飛船共同工作時,當前的月球計時方法就會出現(xiàn)問題,而且航天機構(gòu)依賴精確的時間來跟蹤飛船,這時月球計時會產(chǎn)生很多問題。因此本段介紹當前月球計時方法存在的問題。故選D項。10.C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clockstickslowerinstrongergravitationalfields.TheMoon’sgravitationalpullisweakerthanEarth’s,meaningalunarclockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.”可知,設定月球時間的障礙是月球上的引力。故選C項。11.A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ThealternativewouldbetousethesynthesizedoutputofthelunaratomicclocksastheMoon’sownindependent,continuoustime,andtotrackitsrelationshiptoUTC.Thatway,eveniftheconnectionwithEarthislost,clocksontheMoonwillstillagreewitheachother,allowingsafenavigationandcommunications.”可知,設定月球獨立的時間后,即使失去與地球的聯(lián)系,月球上的時間也可以始終保持一致。故選A項。12.A解析標題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Withlunarexplorationrocketing,itposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisafundamentalquestionmetrologistsworldwideareworkingtoanswer:whattimeisitontheMoon?”及下文中分析設定月球時間的必要性、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及方案可知,本文主要是圍繞著設定獨立月球時間展開,因此A項“月球上幾點了?”與主題內(nèi)容吻合。故選A項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要議論了神經(jīng)科學家對人類大腦的成熟有了新的認知,即大腦成熟的時間比以前認為的要晚一些這一認知是否應該讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限,即神經(jīng)科學的結(jié)論能否影響法律決定的制定。但實際而言事情看上去并不是那么簡單,由此文章解釋了兩個原因,對該問題進行了否定回答。13.D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Neuroscientistsnowknowthatbrainmaturationoccursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.”可知,大腦成熟的時間并不像以前想象的那么早。故選D項。14.A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.”以及最后一段中的“EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS”可知,作者認為神經(jīng)科學給出的結(jié)論是正確的,只是它沒有受到政治的關注,未對政治產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此推斷作者對神經(jīng)科學持有的是支持的態(tài)度。故選A項。15.A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.”可知,荷蘭是允許16歲的孩子喝酒的,但是19歲才能開車,所以19歲以下開車是違法的。故選A項。16.C解析標題歸納題。根