高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題三閱讀理解第三節(jié)題組訓(xùn)練3環(huán)境保護(hù)市賽課公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省名師獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

題組3環(huán)境保護(hù)專題三閱讀了解第三節(jié)題組訓(xùn)練1/36A(·河西區(qū)二模)Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreseriousinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Thefactthatpublicparksincitiesbecomecrowdedprovesthatpeoplelongtobreatheingreen，openspaces.And，inthesesurroundings，theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.Itisraretoseepeoplebeingatoddsorevenfightinginagarden.Itseemstobeprovedthatifhumanbeingscanfreelybreatheandshareair，thereisnoprimaryreasonforthemtostrugglewithoneanother.Butdoweonlysensewhatlifecouldbewhenweenjoygreenspaces?2/36Theplantworldsilentlyshowsuswhatareflectionoflifetruthfullyis.Italsohelpsustoanewbeginning，urgingustocareforourbreath.Wemust，inturn，careforit，opposinganysortofpollutionthatdestroysbothourworldandthatofplants.Theinterdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentioniswhatexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplantworld.Oftendescribedas“thelungsoftheplanet”，thewoodsthatcovertheearthofferusthegiftofbreathableairbyreleasingoxygen.Buttheircapacitytorenewtheairpollutedbyindustryhaslongreacheditslimit.Ifwecontinuetopollutetheairbyfillingitwithchemicalsanddestroytheabilityofplantstorestoreitwewillsoonpullourworldintoanunavoidabledisaster.3/36Humansmustlearntosharelife，bothwitheachotherandwithplants.Thistaskcanbecarriedoutonlywheneachtakesituponher-orhimselfandonlywhenallworktogether.Thelessontaughtbyplantsisthathumanlifecanonlyexistwithnature.Wemustcometoviewtheair，theplantsandourselvesasthecontributorstotheprotectionoflifeandgrowth，ratherthanproductiveobjectswecanuseandthrowawayfreely.Perhapsthenwewouldfinallybegintolive，ratherthanmerelysurvive.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文主要講了為了保護(hù)地球，我們應(yīng)共同努力，友好地與植物世界共享生活。4/361.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“beingatodds”mean?A.Relaxing. B.Exercising.C.Hurrying. D.Conflicting.解析詞義猜測(cè)題。依據(jù)上一句中“...theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.”可知，他們是和平，所以極少看到有些人爭(zhēng)吵或打架等，所以猜測(cè)“beingatodds”意思為“起沖突”，故選D。√答案解析231455/362.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，whatdoestheauthorsupposemightbetheprimaryreasonthatpeoplewouldstrugglewitheachother?A.Togettheirshareofcleanair.B.Topursueacomfortablelife.C.Togainahighersocialstatus.D.Toseekeconomicbenefits.解析細(xì)節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Itseemstobeprovedthatifhumanbeingscanfreelybreatheandshareair，thereisnoprimaryreasonforthemtostrugglewithoneanother.”可知，假如人們能自由地呼吸到新鮮空氣，就沒(méi)理由跟他人爭(zhēng)斗，故選A?！檀鸢附馕?31456/36解析細(xì)節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)第三段第四句“Theinterdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentioniswhatexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplantworld.”可知，作者最想讓我們關(guān)注是我們和植物世界關(guān)系，故選B。3.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawourclosestattentionto?A.Themassiveburningoffossilfuels.B.Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.C.Thecapacityofplantstorenewpollutedair.D.Large-scaledeforestationacrosstheworld.√答案解析231457/364.Howcanhumanbeingsachievethegoalofprotectingtheplanet，accordingtotheauthor?A.Byshowingrespectforplants. B.Bypreservingallformsoflife.C.Byconsumingallnaturalresources. D.Byallmakingtheireffortstogether.解析細(xì)節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)最終一段第二句“Thistaskcanbecarriedoutonlywheneachtakesituponher-orhimselfandonlywhenallworktogether.”可知，人類想實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)星球這個(gè)目標(biāo)就要團(tuán)結(jié)一致共同努力，故選D?！檀鸢附馕?31458/365.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinordernottojustsurvive，butlivebetter?A.Expandtherangeofliving. B.Developnature’spotentials.C.Sharelifewithnature. D.Explorenewresources.解析細(xì)節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)最終一段內(nèi)容尤其是其第一句“Humansmustlearntosharelife，bothwitheachotherandwithplants.”可知，為了活得更加好，我們應(yīng)與自然分享生活。故選C?！檀鸢附馕?31459/36B(·南開(kāi)區(qū)二模)Thetemperatureissharplyrisingwitheachpassingday.People，includingmanyexperts，finditdifficulttoslowdowntheprocess.However，leavingcoalandmajorfossilfuelsinthegroundcouldhelptolimitclimatechangeinthefuture，accordingtoanewstudy.Thatistosay，athirdofoilreservesontheearth，halfofgasreservesandover80percentofcurrentcoalreservesshouldnotbeusedbeforetheyear2050.Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2degreesCelsiusinthenearfuture，weoughttocarryout10/36somemeasurestoseverely

controltheemissionsfromfactories，vehiclesandevenourdaily-lifecooking.However，itisagoalthatseemstobeimpossibleinoureyes.“Policymakersindifferentcountriesmustrealizethattheirattempttocompletelyusethefossilfuelswithintheircountriesiswhollyincompatible(矛盾)withtheirhopetoreachthe2-degreegoal，”DrChristopheMcGladeatUniversityCollegeLondon’sEnergyInstitutesaidinastatement.“Iftheygoaheadwithdevelopingtheirownresources，”headded，“theymustbeaskedwhichreserveselsewhereshouldremainunburnedinorderforthecarbonbudgetnottogobeyondthelimit.”11/36It’snotsurprisingtoseehowtappingintotheseunusedreserveswouldbeattractive.Energy-relatedindustryisabigbusinessallovertheworld.TherearemanycoalreservesinChina，RussiaandtheUnitedStates，alongwithover260thousandmillionbarrelsofoilreservesintheMiddleEast.NottomentionthatoiliscurrentlybeingdevelopedintheArctic.Companiesspentover670billionlastyearintheexpansionoffossilfuels，butaccordingtothenewmodelusedinthislateststudy，developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresourcessoastomakesomecontributionstocontroltheworldtemperaturefromrisinghighinthefuture.12/36

“We’venowgotpracticalfiguresofthequantitiesandlocationsoffossilfuelsthatshouldremainunusedintryingtokeepwithinthe2-degreetemperaturelimit，”addedMcGlade.Worldleadersandpolicymakersshouldtaketheadvicetoheart，becausearecentIPCCreportwarnedthatifimmediateandgreatactionsarenottakensoon，climatechangewillcauseirreversible(不可逆轉(zhuǎn))impactsonenvironmentsworldwide，leavingtheworldanunsafeplaceforustolivein.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為議論文。敘述了全球氣候改變與化石燃料關(guān)系。13/36解析細(xì)節(jié)了解題。由首段中“Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2degreesCelsiusinthenearfuture，weoughtto...”及“However，itisagoalthat...”可知答案為D。6.AccordingtoParagraph1，ourgoalisto

.A.discovermorefossilfuelsforthefuturegenerationB.slowdowntheclimatechangeC.refusetousereservesontheearthD.keepthetemperaturerisebelow2degreesCelsius√答案解析78691014/367.Theunderlinedword“emissions”inParagraph1refersto“

”.A.thingsthataresentoutintotheairB.productsthataremadefromfossilfuelsC.factorsthatcausetheclimatechangeD.changesthathappenaftertemperaturerise解析詞義猜測(cè)題。由前后語(yǔ)境可推知，畫線詞指是“排放到空氣中物質(zhì)”，故選A。√答案解析78691015/36解析推理判斷題。通讀第二段可推斷出答案為B。8.AccordingtowhatMcGladesaidinParagraph2，allcountriesshould

.A.makefulluseoftheirfossilfuelsB.worktogethertowardsthe2-degreegoalC.findbetterwaystodigoutthecoalD.increasetheglobalcarbonbudget√答案解析78691016/369.WecaninferfromParagraph3thatgreateffortshavebeenmadein

.A.diggingouttheoilintheMiddleEast B.gettingpeopletorethinktheirfuelplansC.developingfossilfuelsaroundtheworld D.developingenergy-relatedindustryworldwide解析推理判斷題。由第三段中“tappingintotheseunusedreserves”，“intheexpansionoffossilfuels”及“developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresources”可推斷出答案為C?！檀鸢附馕?8691017/3610.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftemperaturecontrol?A.Confident. B.Negative.C.Satisfied. D.Unclear.解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第一段首句和尾句及最終一段尾句可推測(cè)出作者對(duì)未來(lái)大氣溫度控制持消極態(tài)度?！檀鸢附馕?8691018/36C(·天津一中3月考)Styrofoam，orpolystyrene，isalight-weightmaterial，about95percentair，withverygoodinsulation(隔熱)properties，accordingtoEarthsourceorg.Itisusedinproductsfromcupsthatkeepyourdrinkshotorcoldtopackagingmaterialthatprotectsitemsduringshipping.Withtheabovegoodfeatures，Styrofoamstillenjoysabadreputation.Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasingdangerouspollutionintotheair.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencysaysitisthefifth-largestcreatorofharmfulwaste.19/36Butnowthecommonwormswhichareusuallydisgustingcancometotherescue，specifically，mealworms.ScientistsfromtheU.S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestplastic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.Studyco-authorWei-MinWusaysthatin24hours，theplasticisturnedintocarbondioxide.SinceStyrofoamhasnonutritionatall，arethewormshurtbyeatingplastic?Muchtothescientists’surprise，thestudyfoundthatwormseatingStyrofoamwereashealthyaswormseatingbran(谷糠).20/36Theresearcherswillstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddigestingsystem，lookingtocopytheplasticbreakdownbutonalargerscale.Oncethewaycanbeputintopractice，itwillmakearevolutionarydifferencetothedisposalofplastic.“Solvingtheissueofplasticpollutionisimportant，”saysWu，aStanfordUniversityenvironmentalengineeringinstructor.Afterall，ourearthissmallandlandfillspaceisbecominglimitedwithtoomuchgarbagewaitingtobedealtwith，hesays.21/36About33milliontonsofplasticarethrownawayintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Plasticplates，cupsandcontainerstakeup25percentto30percentofspaceinAmerica’slandfills.OneStyrofoamcuptakesmorethan1millionyearstorecycleinalandfill，accordingtoClevelandStateUniversity.語(yǔ)篇解讀文章介紹了一個(gè)能夠消化分解塑料黃粉蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)，研究者期待著模仿它們分解和消化方式從而處理回收利用塑料對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染問(wèn)題。22/36解析細(xì)節(jié)了解題。第二段第二句“Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasingdangerouspollutionintotheair.”為雙重否定，表示是必定意思，即“它被回收時(shí)會(huì)向空氣中釋放危險(xiǎn)污染物”，故選C。11.WhatdoweknowaboutStyrofoam?A.Itcanbeusedtocooldrinks.B.Itisaweightlessmaterial.C.Itisharmfulwhenrecycled.D.Itisusuallyusedonships.√答案解析121311141523/3612.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A.Mealwormshaveamazingdigestingpower.B.Mealwormsarenotbadintheirnature.C.Mealwormscanrescuepeople’slives.D.Peoplemisunderstoodmealwormsinthepast.解析推理判斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“ScientistsfromtheU.S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestplastic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.”可知，黃粉蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)有令人驚奇消化能力，故選A。√答案解析121311141524/36解析推理判斷題。依據(jù)第五段中“l(fā)ookingtocopytheplasticbreakdownbutonalargerscale(期望模仿塑料分解不過(guò)在更大規(guī)模上)”推斷研究者是為了模仿這些蟲(chóng)子分解塑料方式，故選B。13.Whywillresearchersstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddigestingsystem?A.Tofindwaystohelpmealwormsgrowlarger.B.Toimitatetheirwaysofbreakingdownplastic.C.Tohelpdeveloptheirdigestingability.D.Tomakesureoftheirsafetyaftereatingplastic.√答案解析121311141525/36解析推理判斷題。文章介紹了一個(gè)能夠消化分解塑料黃粉蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)，研究者期待著模仿它們分解和消化方式從而處理回收利用塑料對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染問(wèn)題，故推斷一旦模仿成功，塑料回收利用就不會(huì)危害環(huán)境，故選D。14.Inthefuture，plasticmayberecycled

.A.byraisingamountsofmealworms B.byenvironmentalengineeringinstructorsC.usingamethodinspiredbyeatingmealwormsD.withoutsendingoutdangerouspollution√答案解析121311141526/3615.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Styrofoamiswidelyusedindailylife.B.Mealwormsaregeniusateatingplastic.C.Plasticrecyclingmaybenomoreaproblem.D.Plasticcanbeturnedintocarbondioxide.解析主旨大意題。文章中作者首先提出了問(wèn)題——塑料回收利用對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染；其次介紹了一個(gè)能消化分解塑料蟲(chóng)子，并說(shuō)明研究者期望經(jīng)過(guò)了解和模仿從而最終處理塑料回收利用對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染問(wèn)題；故說(shuō)明可能塑料回收利用不再是問(wèn)題，故選C?！檀鸢附馕?21311141527/36D(·河?xùn)|區(qū)二模)InthedryNamibDesertonthewestcoastofAfrica，onetypeofbeetlehasfoundaspecialwayofsurviving.Whenthemorningfogarrives，theNamibBeetlecollectswaterdropsonitsbumpy(起伏不平)back，thenletsthewaterrolldownintoitsmouth，allowingittodrinkinanareawithoutflowingwater.28/36ShreerangChhatrewantstousewhatnaturehasdevelopedtohelptheworld’spoor.ChhatreisanengineeratMITwhoworksonfogharvesting，thedevicesthat，likethebeetle，attractwaterdrops.Thisway，poorvillagerscouldcollectcleanwaterneartheirhomes，insteadofspendinghourscarryingwaterfromdistantwellsofrivers.Accesstowaterisapressingglobalissue.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationandUNICEF，nearly900millionpeopleworldwidelivewithoutsafedrinkingwater.Theburdenoffindingandtransportingwaterfallsheavilyonwomenandchildren.“Asamiddle-classperson，Ithinkit’sterriblethatthepoorhavetospendhoursadaywalkingjusttoobtainabasicnecessity，”Chhatresays.29/36Afog-harvestingdeviceconsistsofafence-likemeshpanel(網(wǎng)狀面板)，whichattractsdrops，connectedtocontainersintowhichwaterfalls.Chhatrehasimprovedthematerialsusedinthesedevices.HeiscontinuinghisworkatMITSloanandtheLegatumCenterinordertodevelopaworkablebusinessplanforapplyingfog-harvestingdevices.Interestinfogharvestingdatesbacktothe1990s，andhasincreasedsincenewresearchontheNamibBeetlebecamefamousin.Afewtechnologistssawpotentialintheconceptforpeople.OneCanadiancharitableorganization，F(xiàn)ogQuest，hastestedprojectsinChileandGuatemala.30/36Butfogharvestingremainsinitsinfancy，technologicallyandcommercially，asChhatrereadilyrecognizes.“Itstillfacessomeopenproblems，”hesays.“Butit’sworkinprogress.”Afterall，thewaterthatfillsourriversandlakescomesfromair.語(yǔ)篇解讀文章介紹了科學(xué)家新研究出來(lái)霧搜集裝置，它能在空氣中搜集水，所以對(duì)一些缺水地域是很有用。31/36解析推理判斷題。依據(jù)第四段中“...inordertodevelopaworkablebusinessplanforapplyingfog-harvestingdevices.”及最終一段中“‘Itstillfacessomeopenproblems，’hesays.‘Butit’saworkinprogress.’”可知，ShreerangChhatre正努力嘗試讓霧搜集裝置被使用，故選D