PETS5-Writing-PETS5-寫作市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎?wù)n件

第三講、不一樣文體寫作規(guī)范和結(jié)構(gòu)1、議論文寫作規(guī)范和結(jié)構(gòu)1）寫作規(guī)范論點必須明確；用論據(jù)說明自己觀點，說明持該觀點原因--能夠敘述事實、解釋看法、擺數(shù)據(jù)和講述親身經(jīng)歷等方法；2）文章結(jié)構(gòu)Partone:列出觀點（須包含主題句）--引發(fā)讀者興趣；提供必要背景信息；列出文章所討論問題和自己觀點‘1/15PartTwo:文章主體一要論證自己觀點：解釋自己持該觀點原因并用論據(jù)支持，能夠一個段落寫明一個原因；二要反駁與己相悖觀點，如對方觀點有正確一面，可加以必定；PartThree:結(jié)論可對已敘述觀點做總結(jié)、重申，還能夠號召人們采取行動。2/15應(yīng)試技巧：Step1:讀題目-定觀點-寫成主題句；agreeordisagreeStep2:列出持此觀點原因；(severalreasonsmayaccountformysupport/oppositiontothesettingupofprivateschoolsinChina.)Step3:駁相悖觀點；可省略Step4:定結(jié)構(gòu)：按選定結(jié)構(gòu)排列列出觀點和論據(jù)；Step5:寫作：注意文章思想前后連貫，句子銜接和流暢。能夠重復(fù)關(guān)鍵詞、使用從句、過渡詞等；Step7:檢驗（語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點等）。3/15常見議論文類型寫作模板1）現(xiàn)象解釋型：OntheUseofSmartPhone起始段寫法方法1),先復(fù)述原題,表明立場 Thespeakerassertsthat_________.Althoughthespeaker’spositionisnotwhollyinsupportable,farmorecompellingargumentscanbemadefor_______.方法2),復(fù)述兩種立場,表明立場Inrecentyears,therehasbeensomeheateddebatesonthe________.Somepeoplemaintainthat__________,whileotherpeoplearguethat_______.Bycomparison,Itendtofavorthelatterpointofview.4/15拓展段:首先認(rèn)可前者觀點合理之處,然后找到最少兩點壞處Admittedly,thosewhopreachabouttheso-calleddisadvantagesof_____docontainsomeelementoftruth.Forinstance,__________.Nevertheless,thesearguerstendtoneglectthreeotheressentialfactors.First,______.Second,_______.Thirdandlast,_______.Tosumup,thenotionheldbytheauthorisnotjustified.結(jié)論段寫法 Giventheconsiderationsabove,itissafetoconcludethat______hasbroughtustoomuchconvenience.Butpropermeasuresshouldbetakentoavoidtheoveruseofsmartphones.Ontheonehand,weshould____.Ontheotherhand,wecannot_____.Onlyinthiswaycanwereallyenjoythebenefitsbroughtby______.5/152)對比分析/選擇型OnStudyingAbroad1、提出要討論主題，人們對此看法不一；2、分別敘述人們對此看法及原因；3、表明自己觀點并給出理由。慣用結(jié)構(gòu)：主題isusuallyanissueofcontroversy.Somepeopletakenohesitationtoclaimthat(一些人觀點).Amongtheirarguments,themajoroneisthat…Asforthesameissue,wealsohearmanydifferentvoices.Alargenumberofpeopleopposetheaboveopinionbysayingthat(另外一些人觀點).Theydohavetheirownreasons.Intheirbelief,加上論據(jù).Tobefrank,itisverydifficultformetosaywhichoneis100%rightasbothopinionsmakesomesense.ButIstillfindmyselfinfavoroftheformer/latteridea.…6/15模板2：OntheUseofInternetforStudentsWheneverwehearpeoplespeakof主題，wewillinstantlyhavetheideathatitisagood/badthingforsb.Indeed,主題hasmanyadvantagestosb.Firstofall–variousresources;besides,convenience;lastbutnotleast,highefficiency。Inthemeantime,weshouldnotneglectthedisadvantagesof主題.Firstofall,unhealthyinformation；Secondly,gettingaddictedtoit.Tosumuptheabovearguments,Ithinkaproperattitudetowards主題isthat…7/153)問題處理型DrunkenDriving描述問題—分析后果—提出處理辦法或發(fā)出呼吁(主要)慣用結(jié)構(gòu)：---hasbecomeaproblemthatcallsforpromptsolution.Iamgladtoseethatmoreandmorepeoplecometopayattentiontotheaboveproblem.(該問題危害)Nobodycandenythat問題hasconsiderablenegativeeffects.Amongtheharmfulthings問題hasdonetous,theworstoneisthat…Moreover,… Consideringthebadeffectstheproblemhasgivenriseto,wefinditcompellingtodosth.tobringitundercontrol.Ontheonehand,(tobantheadvertisingonthemedia…Ontheotherhand…).8/152、說明文1）寫作規(guī)范清楚標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：語言特征：多被動句；轉(zhuǎn)換句子結(jié)構(gòu)，簡單句、復(fù)合機和復(fù)雜句都有，很好表達主次、因果等關(guān)系2）篇章結(jié)構(gòu)說明過程多遵照時間次序，可按事實發(fā)生先后次序解釋步驟和環(huán)境。參考詞語：first,firstly,tobeginwith,initially,secondly,next,then,lastly,thirdly,finally,subsequently,afterthis,beforethis,atthesametime等。9/153、記敘文應(yīng)遵照事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展次序：表時間次序詞語first,second,third,afterthat,next,meanwhile,before,as,while,afterward,later,when,fromthenon,soonafter,during等；要明確寫作目標(biāo)：告訴讀者道理，讓讀者明白某一現(xiàn)象。要有結(jié)局，總結(jié)概括文章中心，點明寫作目標(biāo)。10/154、看圖作文出題形式圖表作文普通在題目中給出作文標(biāo)題和一個或幾個統(tǒng)計表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時還用英文或漢字提要形式給出提醒，要求我們：1)用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢；2)就圖表中所反應(yīng)某種趨勢或問題分析其原因或后果；11/15圖表作文重視說明事實，常經(jīng)過對圖表中反應(yīng)詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)進行說明、分析和比較，對某種事物或現(xiàn)象事實或改變加以說明，并提出結(jié)論和看法。所以，圖表作文經(jīng)常采取議論文體寫作方法。

寫作步驟1)認(rèn)真分析圖表含義，搞清圖表中所含信息及不一樣信息間關(guān)系；2)確定文章主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章基本框架，篩選出能說明圖表主題思想經(jīng)典數(shù)據(jù)；12/153)編列文章提要；4)依據(jù)文章提要，將各段提要內(nèi)容擴展成段落，然后將各個段落組成文章，注意段與段之間銜接與過渡。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)寫圖表作文時，常采取三段式陳說方式。文章第一段往往分析圖表中數(shù)據(jù)改變反應(yīng)什么問題或趨勢，概述圖表所揭示信息。第二段分析造成這一問題或趨勢原因。第三段則展望未來情況或提出處理問題方法或提議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)能夠簡單地表述為：

13/15第一段：概述圖表反應(yīng)主題思想（總趨勢+極端值+特點，時態(tài)）；第二段：分析產(chǎn)生原因；第三段：展望未來或提出方法或提議；慣用句型(1)慣用開篇句型：即概述圖表內(nèi)容時慣用表示法According

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