高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)-第一部分-教材梳理-Unit-1-A-land-of-diversity-市賽課公開

選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity1/55關(guān)鍵單詞distinctdistinctionmeans1．_________adj.清楚；顯著；明確→___________n．差異；區(qū)分；卓著majoritymajorminority2．________n．伎倆；方法3．_________n．大多數(shù)；大半→________adj.主要；大多數(shù)vi.主修；專攻→________n．少數(shù)→________adj.少數(shù)；少部分minorhardship4．__________n．苦難；困苦2/555．_______vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→___________n．選舉electelectionpercentage6．____________n．百分比；百分率7．_________n．申請(qǐng)人→________v．申請(qǐng)→__________n．申請(qǐng)applicantapplyapplication8．________n．海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅9．___________n．社會(huì)主義者；社會(huì)黨人

adj.社會(huì)主義者→__________n．社會(huì)主義→__________n．社會(huì)；組織 10．________vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)→___________n．發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生socialistsocialismsocietyoccuroccurrencecustoms3/55indicateindicationindicatorapparent11．_________vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示→____________n．跡象→___________n．指示器，指示物apparently12．__________adj.顯而易見；顯然；表面上→__________adv.顯然地；顯而易見地brakehire13．________n．閘；剎車；制動(dòng)器vi.&vt.剎(車)；用制動(dòng)器減速nowherepunishmentpunish14．________vt.&n．租用；雇用15．_________adv.無處；處處都無16．___________n．處罰；處罰→________v．處罰；處罰4/55justiceinjusticejustunjust

17．_________n．正義；公平→_________(反義詞)→________adj.公平→________adj.不公平 18．________adj.公民；國內(nèi)；民間19．________vt.&vi.改革；革新n．改革；改造；改良20．________vt.&n．抓?。蛔ゾo；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì)civilreformgrasp5/55?？级陶Zdistinctionlivemeans1．havethe_____________of...含有……特征2．________on繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存3．by_________of用……方法；借助……4.________a________習(xí)慣于新生活方式、工作等5．________up堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)6.________to________背靠背makelifekeep7．________upwith與……合作或一起工作backbackteam6/55marktake8.________out用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出……界限9．________in包含；吸收10.a_______________________許多；很多11．________for申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到12．the____________of...大多數(shù)……great/goodmanyapplymajority7/55經(jīng)典佳句thethirdlargeststate

1．Californiais________________________________intheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.加利福尼亞是美國第三大州，但有著最多人口。whatwe

2．Exactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedin________________________________________California,noonereallyknows.沒有些人知道第一批移民者確切在什么時(shí)候抵達(dá)我們今天稱為加利福尼亞地方。nowknowas8/55Itisbelievedthat

3．________________________________beforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，各種國籍混合將會(huì)非常之大，以至于不可能存在一個(gè)主要種族或文化群體，而只是各種族、多文化混合體。9/55largestfromarrivedmoreliving

課文回顧

CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthe1.________(large)population.Ithasattractedpeople2．______allovertheworld.Noonereallyknowswhenthefirstpeople3.________(arrive)inwhatwenowknowasCalifornia.Nowthereare4.________NativeAmericans5.________(live)inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.California6.__________(rule)bySpainandthereisstillastrongSpanishinfluenceinthestate.PeoplebegansettlinginCalifornia7.________goldwasdiscoveredthere.Butwasruledwhen10/55havebeenlivingwillberacialpeoplefromAfrica8.__________________(live)there.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthatthere9.________(be)nomajor10.________(race)orculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanycultures.11/55

單句語法填空 1．(年新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷·閱讀了解C)Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—_________(majority)foodsources(來源)forthewolf—grewrapidly.majortooccuriscovered

2．(年江蘇卷·任務(wù)型閱讀)Agreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikely___________(occur)inChina，forinstance. 3．One-thirdofthecountry___________(cover)withtrees.12/554．Wecanacknowledgethatoppressionwillalwaysbewithus,andstillstrivefor__________(just)．justice5．He______________(elect)presidentoftheStudentUnionlastweek.waselectedwhat

6．Weoftenforgetthatthereisnofiniteamountofrightknowledge,and_______weknowasasocietyconstantlychanges. 7．________________(apparent),shetooknonoticeoftheapparentmistakesintheaccident.Apparently13/55distinctiontoindicating

8．Theresultsofthesurveyfellintodistinctgroups.Theoldwerescholarsofgreat_______________(distinct)whiletheyoungweretheopposite. 9．WhenBabbagewasworkingatCambridge,anewideaoccurred________him. 10．Thereisagreatdealofevidence__________________(indicate)thatlisteningtosoftmusiccanreducestress.14/551．meansn．伎倆；方法bymeansof...用……方法；借助……byallmeans一定，務(wù)必；盡一切方法；當(dāng)然能夠bynomeans絕不；一點(diǎn)也不bythismeans用這種方法【名師指津】

means作“方式；方法；伎倆”講時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/manymeans做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若every/each/one/ameans做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。15/55利用單句語法填空(1)Formostpeople,thecarisstilltheirmain________(mean)oftransport.meansBywas(2)________meansofcomputer,peoplecanreadelectronicbooks.hasbeentriedhavebeentried

(3)Bynomeans________hesatisfiedwiththejobandheaskedustofinishitbyallmeans. (4)Everypossiblemeans__________________(try),butnonehasworked. ＝Allpossiblemeans__________________(try),butnonehasworked.16/552．occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)occurto...(主意等)出現(xiàn)于腦海中；被想起Itoccurstosb.that-clause某人突然想起……【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】表示“某人突然想起……”還有以下表示方法：Itstrikes/hitssb.that...Itdawnson/uponsb.that...17/55利用單句語法填空didoccurred

(1)When________theaccidentoccur? (2)It__________(occur)toherthatsheshouldadoptthehomelesschild. ＝It____________(strike)herthatsheshouldadoptthehomelesschild.tooccurred

(3)Itneveroccurred________himthathecouldmakesuchagreatsuccessinteachingcareer. (4)Indeed,formanypeople,theideaofinheritingculturallegacyhasnever____________(occur)tothem.struck18/553．indicatevt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示indicatesth.(tosb.)(向某人)指示/指出/暗示某物indicatethat-clause表示……；示意……indicationn．表明；顯示【一詞多義】(1)Shetookoutamapandindicatedthequickestroutetous.指出(2)Aredskyatnightoftenindicatesfineweatherthenextday.表明(3)Inhisletterheindicatedtousthathewaswillingtohelpus.暗示19/55利用單句語法填空(1)Hisattitude____________(indicate)thatheisnotveryhappywithwhatyouaredoing.indicatesindicated(2)Aflashingredlight____________(indicate)thatastretchofroadwasundergoingrepairs.isindicated(3)As______________(indicate)inthesurvey,moreandmorepeoplechoosetotravelabroad.indications

(4)Thereareclear_____________(indicate)thattheeconomyisimproving.20/554．hirevt.&n．租用；雇用forhire供出租onhire出租；雇用【名師指津】hire主要強(qiáng)調(diào)短時(shí)間、臨時(shí)雇用。辨析hire,employ和rent

(1)hire是日慣用語，指按工作量或時(shí)間雇用人或租借東西，有“花錢使用某物”和“把某物使用權(quán)出讓給他人以收取費(fèi)用”之意；多指暫時(shí)租用某物。指人時(shí)，有“雇用”“受雇”兩種含義。21/55

(2)employ較正式，多指商店或企業(yè)長久雇用人手；受雇人員較廣，甚至包含社會(huì)地位較高職業(yè)人員，有“聘請(qǐng)”之義。 (3)rent普通指租借房屋、地產(chǎn)(出去)；也有“花錢使用某物”和“把某物使用權(quán)出讓給他人以收取費(fèi)用”之意；多用于長時(shí)間場(chǎng)所。22/55利用完成句子，每空一詞areoftenemployed(1)精神病院常雇用男護(hù)士護(hù)理精神病人。Malenurses__________________________inhospitalsforthementallyill.rentahouse

(2)為了暑假住得舒適，我們?cè)诤＿呑饬艘蛔孔印?Inordertostaycomfortably,we_______________________bytheseaforthesummerholidays. (3)假日里我們租了一條船去打魚。 Duringtheholidayswe________________________andwentfishing.hiredaboat23/551．liveon繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存liveonsth.以某物為食；靠某種經(jīng)濟(jì)起源生活livethroughsth.經(jīng)歷某事而幸存liveuptosth.依照某事物行事；符合某事物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)livewithsth.接收或容忍某事物【寫作佳句】Shediedtenyearsagobuthermemoryliveson.她十年前就逝世了，但她仍留在人們記憶中。24/55利用用適當(dāng)介詞或副詞填空

(1)Thelonelyoldmanlives________charity. (2)WeChinesepeoplewilllive___________thisdisastertogether. (3)Ifyouhavethismindset,youwillalwaysbedisappointed.Peoplewillneverliveup________yourexpectations. (4)Thebravegirlislearningtolive________herdisability.onthroughtowith25/552．makealife習(xí)慣新生活方式、工作等；創(chuàng)造生活cometolife清醒過來，恢復(fù)生氣；變得更有趣；變得活躍comebacktolife清醒過來；死而復(fù)生bring...backtolife使……清醒過來live/leada...life過著……生活【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】常見“makea＋n.”詞組有：makeabargain達(dá)成協(xié)議；成交makeapromise做出承諾makeachoice做出選擇26/55makealiving謀生makeaprofit取得收益makeadecision決定下來；作出決定；下決心makeadealwith與……做生意；和……妥協(xié)利用單句語法填空(1)TheysettleddowninCanadaandmade________lifeforthemselves.atolive

(2)Thevillage,whichhadseemeddeserted,immediatelycame________life. (3)Theunemployedusually________(live)ahardlife.27/553．teamupwith與……合作或一起工作teamup合作cooperatewith與……合作putupwith忍受catchupwith趕上keepupwith跟上comeupwith提出【寫作佳句】Inourdailylife,weshouldlearnhowtoteamupwithpeoplearoundus.日常生活中，我們應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)怎樣與我們身邊人合作。28/55利用完成句子，每空一詞teamedup(1)這兩家企業(yè)合作研發(fā)這種微波爐。Thetwocompanieshave________________todevelopthiskindofmicrowave.cooperatewith(2)約翰情愿獨(dú)自經(jīng)商，不愿與人合作。Johnpreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthan____________________anyoneelse.putupwithit

(3)我們改變不了這種壞天氣，所以只好忍受它。 Wecan'tchangethebadweather,sowemust_____________________________.29/55(4)他努力跟上班上其它同學(xué)。Hemadeagreateffortto________________________therestoftheclass.keepupwith30/554．takein包含；吸收；了解；坑騙takeon接收；雇用；穿上；展現(xiàn)takeup從事；占用takeout拿出來；切除；去掉takeaway拿走；帶走takedown取下來；記下；拆卸【名師指津】(1)takesth.in吸入；吸收；包含；承接；了解某事(2)takesb.in坑騙某人；收留某人31/55利用用適當(dāng)介詞或副詞填空

(1)Thenativeplantscouldtake________morewaterandreleasemoreofittotheatmosphere. (2)Lesleyexplainseverypossibletreatmentbutyoucantellshedoesn'ttakeit________. (3)Youmaytake________anextrajobandgetaniceraise. (4)Weneedtoencouragemorepeopletotake________theprofession.ininonup32/55原句1CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.加利福尼亞是美國第三大州，但有著最多人口。 thethird修飾largest，意為“第三大”。形容詞最高級(jí)前面能夠被序數(shù)詞以及byfar，much，almost，nearly，notquite等詞修飾。表示“第一大、長”等前面不用加first，只是從第二、第三……，最高級(jí)前面才加second,third等。33/55利用單句語法填空(1)ThamesRiveristhe__________(two)longestandmostimportantriverinBritain.secondtallest(2)Maryisthethird__________(tall)girlinourclass.34/55原句2ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.沒有些人知道第一批移民者確切在什么時(shí)候抵達(dá)我們今天稱為加利福尼亞地方。 whatwenowknowasCalifornia是一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，做arrivedin賓語；what是關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于thething(s)that。所以，在名詞性從句中能夠用thething(s)that取代，就用what。

注意：(1)名詞性從句中what與that區(qū)分：that在名詞性從句中不做句子成份，what必須做句子成份。

(2)名詞性從句中what與which區(qū)分：指代前文已經(jīng)提到過對(duì)象或范圍時(shí)，用which，不然用what。35/55利用單句語法填空WhatThatwhich

(1)________hesaidsoundsreasonable. (2)________ourteamhaswonthegamehasbeenproved. (3)Therearemanybooksavailable.Idon'tknow________toread.36/55原句3BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國第31個(gè)州時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著各種文化社會(huì)了。 (1)bythetime＋從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，只是說過去某個(gè)時(shí)候情況，主句慣用過去時(shí)，而不用完成時(shí)。 (2)bythetime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂薄?(3)bythetime＋普通過去時(shí)，主句慣用過去完成時(shí)。37/55

(4)bythetime＋普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句慣用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或未來完成時(shí)。 (5)by＋時(shí)間狀語，主句謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用對(duì)應(yīng)完成時(shí)形式。hadlearned利用

單句語法填空

(1)Bythetimeheis16,he_________________(learn)3,800newEnglishwords. (2)Bythetimehewastwelve,he_______________(learn)mathematicsallbyhimself.willhavelearned38/55expectingtostudyintentiondisadvantages

利用所學(xué)語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，補(bǔ)充完整下面短文，并背誦下來 Likeagoodmanyparents1.___________(expect)theirdaughtersorsonswithpromisingfuture,LiuXuan'sparentssenther,stillahighschoolstudent,2．________(study)inBritain.LiuXuan,whowellunderstoodherparents'good3.________(intend),triedtomakealifethereinspiteof4.______________(advantage)suchasbeinghomesick,language5.___________(obstacle)and

obstacles39/55wastakentoforpersistencethatculturalshock.She6.___________(take)inbyahostfamily,whichmadeherlearnalotabouteverydaylifeandimprovedgreatlyherEnglishaswell.Asemesterlater,notonlyhadLiuXuangotaccustomed7.________everythingtherebutmanagedtoapply8._______ascholarshiptostudyinUniversityofEdinburgh.Whenaskedthefeelingsaboutstudyingabroad,LiuXuansaidproudlyitwas9.___________(persist)andperseverance10.________madehergetthroughthathardtime.40/55短文改錯(cuò)(三)短文改錯(cuò)之謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞

在做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)，判斷動(dòng)詞是否正確，首先確定它是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要從其時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致等方面去考慮；若是非謂語動(dòng)詞，就要準(zhǔn)確地域分現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞還是不定式正確形式。動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大，它所包括錯(cuò)誤包含動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，易混同動(dòng)詞使用方法錯(cuò)誤，動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤，動(dòng)詞非謂語形式錯(cuò)誤，以及動(dòng)詞搭配錯(cuò)誤等。41/555．謂語動(dòng)詞做動(dòng)詞類改錯(cuò)題時(shí)，需注意以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)判斷普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)與普通過去時(shí)是否錯(cuò)用。(2)and，but，so，or等并列連詞前后時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。(3)除了時(shí)態(tài)，還要注意主謂是否一致。(4)看是否考查虛擬語氣。(5)看謂語部分是否缺乏動(dòng)詞，尤其是be動(dòng)詞。(6)看動(dòng)詞形式是否正確，尤其注意第三人稱單數(shù)形式是否錯(cuò)用。(7)看主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)是否錯(cuò)用。42/55常見謂語動(dòng)詞類錯(cuò)誤：(1)時(shí)態(tài)前后不一致【例】(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·短文改錯(cuò))WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.

解析：think→thought。整個(gè)語境講是過去事情，所以think也是當(dāng)初想法，應(yīng)該用普通過去時(shí)。故think改為thought。43/55(2)缺乏謂語或謂語動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤【例】(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·短文改錯(cuò))Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.

解析：found→find。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)詞原形，句中we與find之間為主謂關(guān)系，所以found應(yīng)改為find。44/55(3)語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤【例】(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·短文改錯(cuò))Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.解析：去掉been。studies與show之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該去掉been。45/55(4)主謂不一致【例】(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·短文改錯(cuò))Myunclesaythatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.

解析：say→says。主語Myuncle是單數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)后面dreams可知用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故應(yīng)把謂語say改為says。(5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及虛擬語氣誤用【例】(年四川卷·短文改錯(cuò))Ifyouareme，wouldyoutalktothem?解析：are→were?！凹偃缒闶俏摇边@個(gè)假設(shè)一定是虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反，所以將are改為were。46/55(1)(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·短文改錯(cuò))Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor'sorders,but/yetonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.__________________________________________________(2)(年新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷·短文改錯(cuò))Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.__________________________________________________47/55(3)(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·短文改錯(cuò))Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking. __________________________________________________(4)(年新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷·短文改錯(cuò))Ihasgrownnotonlyphysically，butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.

__________________________________________________ (5)Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoyslast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.__________________________________________________48/55答案解析：(1)goes→went。依據(jù)前面“started”和后面“forgot”可知時(shí)態(tài)為普通過去時(shí)。故應(yīng)把goes改為went。(2)took→taken。前面從句謂語動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，應(yīng)把took改為taken。(3)using→used。高質(zhì)量油應(yīng)該是“被使用”，故把using改為used。(4)has→have。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“inthepastfewyears”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，又主語是I。故把has改為have。

(5)must→could/might。句意：同時(shí)，我發(fā)覺耐心一些，我能夠讓我玩具持久些。所以應(yīng)將must改為could/might。49/556．非謂語動(dòng)詞

句中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞，若再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，又沒有并列連詞，注意考慮非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，依據(jù)其在句中成份以及邏輯關(guān)系，來判