標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海用語

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海用語INTRODUCTIONTheseSMCPhavebeencompiled:- toassistinthegreatersafetyofnavigationandoftheconductofship,- tostandardizethelanguageusedincommunicationfornavigationatsea,inport-approaches,inwaterways,harboursandonboardvessels.《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語》用于：- 提高航海和船舶操縱的安全性；- 使海上航行、進(jìn)出港操縱、水道航行、港內(nèi)作業(yè)及船上業(yè)務(wù)的通信語言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。ThesephrasesarenotintendedtosupplantorcontradicttheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972orspeciallocalrulesorrecommendationsmadebyIMOconcerningships'routeing.NeitheraretheyintendedtosupersedetheInternationalCodeofSignalsnortosupplantnormalradiotelephonepracticeassetoutintheITURegulations.這些語句不用作代替《1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則》、特殊規(guī)則以及國際海事組織對(duì)于船舶日常作業(yè)作出的建議，也不打算與這些規(guī)則相矛盾；這些語句不用作取代《國際信號(hào)規(guī)則》，也不用作代替《國際電信聯(lián)盟》規(guī)定的正常無線電話通信規(guī)則。TheseSMCPmeettherequirementsoftheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,andoftheSOLASConvention,1974,asrevised,regardingverbalcommunications;moreover,thephrasescoverthecommunicationrelevantsafetyaspectslaiddownintheseConventions.Knowledge,understandingandthecompetencetousetheSMCParerequiredbytheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,forofficersinchargeofanavigationalwatchonvesselsof500grosstonnageormore.Useofthecommunicationphrasesshouldbemadeasoftenaspossibleinpreferencetootherwordingofsimilarmeaning,andtheyshouldbepartofinstructioninmaritimeeducationandtraining.《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語》符合經(jīng)修正的《1978年海員培訓(xùn)、發(fā)證和值班標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國際公約》、經(jīng)修正的《1974年國際海上人命安全公約》有關(guān)口語通信的要求；而且，這些用語也包括了上述兩個(gè)公約中有關(guān)安全事宜的通信。經(jīng)修正的《1974年國際海上人命安全公約》對(duì)于500總噸及以上船舶的值班駕駛員使用《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語》的知識(shí)水平、理解能力和應(yīng)用能力作出了要求。在通信中，《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語》的使用應(yīng)優(yōu)先于其它具有類似意義的措辭，而且這應(yīng)成為航海教育與培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容的一部分。Inthiswaytheyareintendedtobecomeanacceptablesafetylanguage,usingtheEnglishlanguage,fortheverbalinterchangeofintelligencebetweenindividualsofallmaritimenationsonthemanyandvariedoccasionswhenprecisemeaningsandtranslationsareindoubt,increasinglyevidentundermodernconditionsatsea.ForthatpurposetheSMCPbuildonbasicknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage,andtheyhavebeendraftedinasimplifiedversionofmaritimeEnglishintentionallyreducinggrammatical,lexicalandidiomaticvarietiestoatolerableminimumandstandardizedstructuresforthesakeofthefunctionoftheSMCP,i.e.diminishingmisunderstandinginwhereitisrelevant,ortheyencloseabriefexplanationoftheprecedingphrase;括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容是可添加的內(nèi)容，或是前述內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)單解釋；/ obliquestroke后斜線indicatesthattheitemsoneithersideofthestrokearealternatives;and,斜線表示其左右的內(nèi)容可供選擇；... dots三點(diǎn)線indicatethattherelevantinformationistobefilledinwherethedotsoccurand.省略符表示在其出現(xiàn)處應(yīng)添加有關(guān)內(nèi)容。(italicletters斜體)indicatethekindofinformationrequested.斜體表示所需的信息種類。

PARTI–GENERAL總論1Procedure程序WhenitisnecessarytoindicatethattheSMCParetobeused,thefollowingmessagemaybesent:應(yīng)使用《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語》時(shí)應(yīng)用下述句子說明："PleaseuseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases""IwilluseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases"2.Spelling拼讀Wheninexternalcommunicationspellingisnecessary,onlythefollowingspellingtableshouldbeused:在與船外進(jìn)行拼讀通信時(shí)，應(yīng)按下表的規(guī)定進(jìn)行拼讀：LetterCodeLetterCodeFigureCodewordAAlfaNNovember0NadazeroBBravoOOscar1UnaoneCCharliePPapa2BissotwoDDeltaQQuebec3TerrathreeEEchoRRomeo4KartefourFFoxtrotSSierra5PantafiveGGolfTTango6SoxisixHHotelUUniform7SettesevenIIndiaVVictor8OktoeightJJulietWWhisky9NovenineKKiloXX-rayFullstopStopLLimaYYankeeDecimalDecimalMMikeZZulupoint3.MessageMarkers語段標(biāo)識(shí)Inshore-to-shipandship-to-shorecommunicationorradiocommunicationingeneral,thefollowingeightMessageMarkersmaybeused(alsosee"ApplicationofMessageMarkers"giveninsection6"VesselTrafficService(VTS)StandardPhrases"ofPARTIII):在“船━岸”和“岸━船”通信中及一般的無線電通信中，可使用下述8個(gè)語段標(biāo)識(shí)。（另見第三部分第6節(jié)船舶交通管理（VTS）中“語段標(biāo)識(shí)的應(yīng)用”）(i) Instruction指示(ii) Advice建議(iii) Warning警告(iv) Information信息(v) Question問題(vi) Answer回答(vii) Request請(qǐng)求(viii) Intention意圖4.Responses回應(yīng)4.1 Whentheanswertoaquestionisintheaffirmative,say: "Yes,"-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作肯定回答，請(qǐng)用“Yes”，后接全句。4.2 Whentheanswertoaquestionisinthenegative,say: "No,..."-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作否定回答，請(qǐng)用“No”，后接全句。4.3 Whentheinformationrequestedisnotimmediatelyavailable,say:"Standby"-followedbythetimeintervalwithinwhichtheinformationwillbeavailable.若對(duì)方要求的信息不能立即得到，請(qǐng)用“Standby”，后停取得信息所需的時(shí)間。4.4 Whentheinformationrequestedcannotbeobtained,say:"Noinformation."若對(duì)方要求的信息無法得到，請(qǐng)用“Noinformation”。4.5 WhenanINSTRUCTION(e.g.byaVTS-Station,Navalvesselorotherfullyauthorizedpersonnel)oranADVICEisgiven,respondifintheaffirmative:"Iwill/can..."-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull;and,ifinthenegative,respond:"Iwillnot/cannot..."-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull.對(duì)于一項(xiàng)指示（如由交管站、海軍船舶或其他經(jīng)受權(quán)人員給出）或建議，若作肯定回答，請(qǐng)用“Iwill/can...”，后接指示或建議的全句；若作否定回答，請(qǐng)用“Iwillnot/cannot...”，后接指示或建議的全句。Example:"ADVICE.Donotovertakevesselaheadofyou."Respond:"Iwillnotovertakevesselaheadofme."Theresponsestoordersofspecialimportance,however,aregiveninwordinginthephrasesconcerned.對(duì)于具有特殊重要意義的命令的回應(yīng)，在有關(guān)句中說明。5.Distress,urgencyandsafetysignals遇險(xiǎn)，緊急和安全信號(hào)5.1 MAYDAY istobeusedtoannounceadistressmessage用作標(biāo)明遇險(xiǎn)電話通信；5.2 PAN–PAN istobeusedtoannounceanurgencymessage用作標(biāo)明緊急電話通信；5.3 SèCURITè istobeusedtoannounceasafetymessage用作標(biāo)明安全電話通信。6.Standardorganizationalphrases標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語句6.1 "Howdoyouread?"6.1.1 "Ireadyou...bad/one withsignalstrengthone i.e.barelyperceptiblepoor/two withsignalstrengthtwo (i.e.weak)fair/three withsignalstrengththree (i.e.fairlygood)good/four withsignalstrengthfour (i.e.good)excellent/five withsignalstrengthfive (i.e.verygood)6.2 WhenitisadvisabletoremainonaVHFchannel/frequencysay: 若建議在VHF某一頻道或頻率上守聽，說："StandbyonVHFchannel.../frequency..."6.2.1 WhenitisacceptedtoremainontheVHFchannel/frequencyindicated,say: 若同意在某一指定的VHF頻道或頻率上守聽，說："StandingbyonVHFchannel..."/frequency..."6.3 WhenitisadvisabletochangetoanotherVHFchannel/frequency,say: 若建議改用VHF的另一頻道或頻率，說："Advise(you)changetoVHFchannel.../frequency...","Advise(you)tryVHFchannel../frequency."6.3.1 WhenthechangingofaVHFchannel/frequencyisaccepted,say: 若同意改用VHF的另一頻道或頻率，說："ChangingtoVHFchannel.../frequency...."7.Corrections修正Whenamistakeismadeinamessage,say:"Mistake..."-followedbytheword:"Correction..."plusthecorrectedpartofthemessage.若通信語句發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤，說："Mistake..."，后接"Correction..."，再加改正的語句部分。Example: "Mypresentspeed14knots-mistake.Correction,mypresentspeed12,one-two,knots."8.Readiness備妥"Iam/Iamnotreadytoreceiveyourmessage".9.Repetition重復(fù)9.1 Ifanypartofthemessageareconsideredsufficientlyimportanttoneedsafeguarding,say:"Repeat..."-followedbythecorrespondingpartofthemessage.若語句的某部分特別重要而需要重復(fù)，說："Repeat..."，后接相應(yīng)語句部分。Example: "Mydraft12.6repeatone-twodecimal6metres.""Donotovertake-repeat-donotovertake."9.2 Whenamessageisnotproperlyheard,say:"Sayagain(please)."若某語句未聽清楚，說："Sayagain(please)."10.Numbers數(shù)字Numbersaretobespokeninseparatedigits:數(shù)字應(yīng)分讀："One-five-zero"for150"Twodecimalfive"for2.5Note:Attention!Whenrudderanglese.g.inwheelordersaregiven,say:注意，舵令并不分讀："Fifteen"for15or"Twenty"for20etc..11.Positions位置11.1 Whenlatitudeandlongitudeareused,theseshallbeexpressedindegreesandminutes(anddecimalsofaminuteifnecessary),northorsouthoftheEquatorandeastorwestofGreenwich.使用經(jīng)緯度時(shí)，應(yīng)用度和分（若必要用分的10分位），后接南、北或東、西。Example: "WARNING.Dangerouswreckinposition15degrees34minutesnorth61degrees29minuteswest."11.2 Whenthepositionisrelatedtoamark,themarkshallbeawell-definedchartedobject.Thebearingshallbeinthe360degreesnotationfromtruenorthandshallbethatofthepositionFROMthemark.若位置參照物標(biāo)給出，則該物標(biāo)必須在海圖上有明確標(biāo)志。方位應(yīng)自真北起算以360度給出，自物標(biāo)量起。Example:"Yourpositionbearing137degreesfromBarrHeadlighthousedistance2.4nauticalmiles."12.Bearings方位Thebearingofthemarkorvesselconcerned,isthebearinginthe360degreenotationfromnorth(truenorthunlessotherwisestated),exceptinthecaseofrelativebearings.BearingsmaybeeitherFROMthemarkorFROMthevessel.物標(biāo)或船舶的方位，應(yīng)自真北（另有說明除外）起算以360度給出，但相對(duì)方位除外。方位可自物標(biāo)亦可自船舶量起。Examples:"Pilotboatbearing215degreesfromyou."Note:VesselsreportingtheirpositionshouldalwaysquotetheirbearingFROMthemark,asdescribedinparagraph11.2ofthischapter.注意：船舶報(bào)告自己的船位時(shí)，方位應(yīng)自物標(biāo)量起，如本章11.2所述。12.1 Relativebearings相對(duì)方位Relativebearingscanbeexpressedindegreesrelativetothevessel'sheadorbow.Morefrequentlythisisinrelationtotheportorstarboardbow.相對(duì)方位可用相對(duì)于船首的角度數(shù)表示，常用首或右首表示。Example:"Buoy030degreesonyourportbow."(RelativeD/Fbearingsaremorecommonlyexpressedinthe360degreenotation.測(cè)向儀的相對(duì)方位常用360度表示)13.Courses航向Alwaystobeexpressedin360degreenotationfromnorth(truenorthunlessotherwisestated).WhetherthisistoTOorFROMamarkcanbestated.自真北以360度給出（另有說明除外），但可說明量向物標(biāo)還是自物標(biāo)量起。14.Distances距離Preferablytobeexpressedinnauticalmilesorcables(tenthsofamile)otherwiseinkilometresormetres,theunitalwaystobestated.最好以海里或鏈（海里的小數(shù)）給出，也可用千米或米給出，但使用單位必須明確說明。15.Speed速度Tobeexpressedinknots:應(yīng)以節(jié)給出：15.1 withoutfurthernotationmeaningspeedthroughthewater;or, 未加說明時(shí)系指對(duì)水速度；15.2 "groundspeed"meaningspeedovertheground. "groundspeed"系指對(duì)地速度。16.Time時(shí)間Timesshouldbeexpressedinthe24hournotationindicatingwhetherUTC,zonetimeorlocaltimeisbeingused.時(shí)間應(yīng)以24小時(shí)給出，并表明所作用的是協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)、區(qū)時(shí)還是地方時(shí)。17.Geographicalnames地名PlacenamesusedshouldbethoseonthechartorSailingDirectionsinuse.Shouldthesenotbeunderstood,latitudeandlongitudeshouldbegiven.地名應(yīng)為海圖或航路指南中所使用的名稱，若不明確，應(yīng)給出經(jīng)緯度。18.Ambiguouswords意義不明確的單詞SomewordsinEnglishhavemeaningsdependingonthecontextinwhichtheyappear.Misunderstandingsfrequentlyoccur,especiallyinVTScommunications,andhaveproducedaccidents.Suchwordsare:英語中有些單詞的意義與上下文有關(guān)。在分道通航制通信中常發(fā)生誤解，并曾產(chǎn)生事故。例如：18.1 TheConditionals"May","Might","Should"and"Could".MayDonotsay: "MayIenterfairway?"Say: "QUESTION.Isitpermittedtoenterfairway?"Donotsay: "Youmayenterfairway."Say: "ANSWER.Itispermittedtoenterfairway."MightDonotsay: "Imightenterfairway."Say: "INTENTION.Iwillenterfairway."ShouldDonotsay: "YoushouldanchorinanchorageB3."Say: "ADVICE.AnchorinanchorageB3."CouldDonotsay: "Youcouldberunningintodanger."Say: "WARNING.Youarerunningintodanger."18.2 Theword"Can"Theword"Can"eitherdescribesthepossibilityorthecapabilityofdoingsomething.IntheSMCPthesituationswherephrasesusingtheword"Can"appearmakeitclearwhetherapossibilityisreferredto.Inanambiguouscontext,however,say,forexample:英文中，Can用以表示作某事的能力或用以表示作某事的可能性。在《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語》中，有Can的語句出現(xiàn)時(shí)，應(yīng)確切表明是否表示可能性。例如，當(dāng)不明確時(shí)應(yīng)說："QUESTION.Isitpermittedtouseshallowdraftfairwayatthistime?",donotsay:"CanIuseshallowdraftfairwayatthistime?",ifyouaskforapermission.(Thesameappliestotheword"May")Note:IncasesnotcoveredbyPARTI"General",theregularcommunicationproceduresprescribedbytheITU-RadioRegulationswillprevail.注意，在總論中未說明的情況下，通信中應(yīng)優(yōu)先采用國際電信同盟制定的《無線電規(guī)則》的規(guī)定。PARTII–GLOSSARY術(shù)語Abandonvessel Toevacuateavesselfromcrewandpassengersfollowingadistress棄船 遇險(xiǎn)時(shí)將船員或旅客撤離船舶Adrift Floating,notcontrolled,withoutaclearlydeterminabledirection漂航 失控下無目的漂留Assemblystation Placeondeck,inmessrooms,etc.,assignedtocrewandpassengerswheretheyhavetomeetaccordingtothemusterlistwhenthecorrespondingalarmisreleasedorannouncementmade集合地點(diǎn) 船員和旅客在聽到警報(bào)或通知時(shí)按應(yīng)急表應(yīng)前往集合的甲板或餐廳等處所Backing(ofwind) Whenawindblowsroundanticlockwise(oppositeofveering)風(fēng)向逆轉(zhuǎn) 風(fēng)向逆時(shí)針改變，與veering相反Beach(to) Torunavesseluponabeachtopreventitssinkingindeepwater搶灘 船舶沖向海灘，以免沉沒在深水區(qū)Berth Asearoomtobekeptforsafetyaroundavessel,rock,platform,etc.,ortheplaceassignedtoavesselwhenanchoredorlyingalongsideapier,etc.泊位 船舶、礁石、平臺(tái)等周圍所保留的安全區(qū)，或?yàn)榇爸付ǖ腻^泊區(qū)或靠泊區(qū)等Blast Asoundsignalmadewiththewhistleofthevessel聲號(hào) 船笛發(fā)出的聲響B(tài)lindsectors Areaswhichcannotbescannedbytheradarofthevesselbecausetheyareshieldedbypartsofitssuperstructure,masts,etc.盲區(qū) 由于上層建筑、桅桿等的遮擋，船舶雷達(dá)不能掃描到的區(qū)域Boardingarrangements Allgear,suchaspilotladder,accommodationladder,hoist,etc.,necessaryforasafetransferofthepilot登船設(shè)備 引航員上下船所需的引航員梯、、吊繩等索具Boardingspeed Thespeedofavesseladjustedtothatofapilotboatatwhichthepilotcansafelyembark登船速度 使引航員能安全上船的與引航員艇相應(yīng)的速度Briefing Aconciseexplanatoryinformationtocrewandpassengers簡(jiǎn)述 對(duì)船員和旅客作出的簡(jiǎn)要說明Capsizing Turningofavesselupsidedownwhileonwater傾覆 船舶在水中翻倒Cardinalbuoy Aseamark,i.e.abuoy,indicatingthenorth,east,southorwestfromafixedpoint,e.g.awreck方位標(biāo) 標(biāo)明固定點(diǎn)如沉船的東、南、西、北方向的海上浮標(biāo)Casualty Caseofdeathorseriousinjurytoapersoninanaccidentorshippingdisaster,alsosaidofadistressedvessel遇難 人員在事故或海難中死亡或受傷的案件，亦指遇難船舶Closecoupledtowing Amethodoftowingvesselsthroughpolaricebymeansoficebreakingtugswithaspecialsternnotchsuitedtoreceiveandholdthebowofthevesseltobetowed緊連拖帶 在極地冰區(qū)中，破冰船利用其尾部的特殊凹槽與被拖船船首相連的拖帶方法Compatibility(ofgoods) stateswhetherdifferentgoodscanbestowedtogetherinonehold相容性 貨物可否同艙裝載的特性Convoy Agroupofvesselswhichsailtogether,e.g.throughacanalorice編隊(duì) 同時(shí)通過運(yùn)河或冰區(qū)的船舶COW Crudeoilwashing:Asystemofcleaningthetanksbywashingthemwiththecargoofcrudeoilwhileitisbeingdischarged原油洗艙 卸原油時(shí)利用所卸油進(jìn)行洗艙的系統(tǒng)CPA Closestpointofapproach最小會(huì)距 最小會(huì)遇距離 CSS Co-ordinatorsurfacesearch:Avessel,otherthanarescueunit,designatedtoco-ordinatesurfacesearchandrescueoperationwithinaspecifiedarea協(xié)調(diào)船 在某一區(qū)域中，指定為水面搜救作業(yè)進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)而不實(shí)際進(jìn)行救助的船舶Damagecontrolteam Agroupofcrewmemberstrainedforfightingfloodinginthevessel堵漏隊(duì) 經(jīng)訓(xùn)練在船上進(jìn)行堵漏的一組船員Datum Themostprobablepositionofasearchtargetatagiventime基點(diǎn) 在給定時(shí)間，搜尋目標(biāo)最可能存在的位置Derelict Goodsoranyothercommodity,specificallyavesselabandonedatsea遺骸 在海上遺棄的貨物或船舶Destination Portwhichavesselisboundfor目的港 船舶駛往的港口Disabled Avesseldamagedorimpairedinsuchamannerastobeincapableofproceedingitsvoyage失控船 受到的損壞以至于不能航行的船舶Disembark(to) Togofromboardavessel離船 （人員）離開所在船Distressalert(GMDSS) AradiosignalfromadistressedvesselautomaticallydirectedtoaRCCgivingposition,identification,courseandspeedofthevesselaswellasthenatureofdistress遇險(xiǎn)報(bào)警 遇險(xiǎn)船自動(dòng)將船位、標(biāo)識(shí)、航向、速度及遇險(xiǎn)性質(zhì)傳送到搜救協(xié)調(diào)中心的無線電信號(hào)Dragging(ofanchor) Movingofananchorovertheseabottominvoluntarilybecauseitisnolongerpreventingthemovementofthevessel走錨 錨在水下不知不覺的移動(dòng)，因其不能制止船舶的移動(dòng)Dredging(ofanchor) Movingofananchorovertheseabottomtocontrolthemovementofthevessel拖錨 錨在水下拖動(dòng)以控制船舶移動(dòng)Drifting Floating,causedbywindsandcurrentwithadeterminabledirection漂航 因風(fēng)流作用而向某一方向漂移Dropback(to) Toincreasethedistancetothevesselaheadbyreducingone′sownspeed減速 本船減速以增加與前方船的距離Embark(to) Togoaboardavessel登船 登上船舶Escaperoute Aclearlymarkedwayinthevesselwhichhastobefollowedincaseofanemergency撤離路線 在船上作出醒目標(biāo)志的路線，以便緊急時(shí)撤離用Escort Attendingavessel,tobeavailableincaseofneed,e.gice-breaker,tug,etc.護(hù)航 在必要時(shí)對(duì)船舶的保護(hù)，如利用破冰船、拖船等ETA Estimatedtimeofarrival預(yù)抵時(shí)間 預(yù)計(jì)到達(dá)時(shí)間ETD Estimatedtimeofdeparture預(yù)離時(shí)間 預(yù)計(jì)離開時(shí)間Fairway Navigablepartofawaterway航道 可航水道Fairwayspeed Mandatoryspeedinafairway航道速度 在可航道中規(guī)定的行駛速度Fireparty Agroupofcrewmemberstrainedforfirefightingonboard消防隊(duì) 經(jīng)訓(xùn)練以撲救船火的一組船員Firepatrol Aroundthroughthevesselcarriedoutbyacrewmemberofthewatchatcertainintervalssothatanoutbreakoffiremaybepromptlydetected;mandatoryinvesselscarryingmorethan36passengers防火巡邏 在船上由當(dāng)值船員以一定間隔進(jìn)行的巡邏以及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)火災(zāi)，載客超過36人的船對(duì)此有強(qiáng)制要求Flooding Majorflowofseawaterintothevessel漏損 海水大量進(jìn)入船舶Foammonitor Apowerfulfoamfireextinguisherstandingbyaboardtankersloadingordischargingoil泡沫滅火噴射器 裝卸貨油時(shí)油船上備用的大型泡沫滅火器Foul(ofanchor) Anchorhasitsowncabletwistedarounditorhasfouledanobstruction纏鏈 錨鏈絞纏在錨上或其它障礙物上Foul(ofpropeller) Aline,wire,net,etc.,iswoundroundthepropeller纏槳 繩、線、網(wǎng)等絞纏在螺旋槳上Fullspeed Highestpossiblespeedofavessel全速 船舶的最大速度Generalemergencyalarm Asoundsignalofsevenshortblastsandonelongblastgivenwiththevessel’ssoundsystem緊急警報(bào) 船舶警報(bào)系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的7短聲1長(zhǎng)聲的警報(bào)GMDSS Globalmaritimedistressandsafetysystem 全球海上遇險(xiǎn)與安全系統(tǒng)GPS Global(satellite)positioningsystem 全球定位系統(tǒng)Hamperedvessel Avesselrestrictedbyitsabilitytomanoeuvrebythenatureofitsworkoritsdeepdraft操縱受限船 因作業(yè)或吃水而操縱能力受到限制的船Hatchrails Ropessupportedbystanchionsaroundanopenhatchtopreventpersonsfromfallingintoahold艙口攔繩 在開敞的艙口周圍由立柱支撐的圍繩，以防人員迭落艙下Hoist here:Acableusedbyhelicoptersforliftingorloweringpersonsinapick-upoperation吊索 直升飛機(jī)吊提作業(yè)中用作人員吊提的繩具IMO-Class Groupofdangerousorhazardousgoods,harmfulsubstancesormarinepollutantsinseatransportasclassifiedintheInternationalDangerousGoodsCode(IMDGCode)國際海事組織類別 國際海事組織《國際海運(yùn)危險(xiǎn)貨物規(guī)則》中規(guī)定的危險(xiǎn)品、有害物質(zhì)或海洋污染物Initialcourse CoursedirectedbytheOSCorCSStobesteeredatthebeginningofasearch初搜航向 由現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮員或協(xié)調(diào)員規(guī)定的搜索開始的航向Inoperative Notfunctioning失效 喪失作用Jettison(to)(ofcargo) Throwingoverboardofgoodsinordertolightenthevesselorimproveitsstabilityincaseofanemergency棄貨 在緊急時(shí)為減小船舶重量或增加船舶穩(wěn)性而將貨物拋至舷外Launch(to) Tolower,e.g.lifeboatstothewater落放 將救生艇等落向水面Leaking Escapeofliquidssuchaswater,oil,etc.,outofpipes,boilers,tanks,etc.,oraminorinflowofseawaterintothevesselduetoadamagetothehull滲漏 管線、鍋爐、艙柜等中的水或油的泄漏，或因船殼破損海水滲入船內(nèi)Leeway Lateralmovementofthevesseltoleewardofitscourse背風(fēng)移動(dòng) 船舶向背風(fēng)向側(cè)移Letgo(to) Tosetfree,letloose,orcastoff(ofanchors,lines,etc.)拋放 拋、解、松、放（錨、纜等）Lifeboatstation Placeassignedtocrewandpassengerswheretheyhavetomeetbeforetheywillbeorderedtoenterthelifeboats救生艇站 船員和旅客登艇前的集合地點(diǎn)List Inclinationofthevesseltoportsideorstarboardside橫傾 船舶向左或向右橫傾Makewater(to) Seawatertoflowintothevesselduetodamagetoitshull,orhatchesawashandnotproperlyclosed進(jìn)水 因船體損壞或艙蓋被沖掉，海水流入船內(nèi)Manoeuvringspeed Avessel’sreducedrateofspeedinrestrictedwaterssuchasfairways,harbours,etc.操縱速度 船舶在航道或港內(nèi)所減小的速度Massdisease Anillnesspreferablyofaninfectiousnatureseizingmorethantwopersonsonboardatthesametime群疫 船上兩名以上人員同時(shí)患有的具有傳染性的疾病Moor(to) Tosecureavesselinaparticularplacebymeansofchainsorropesmadefasttotheshore,toanchors,ortoanchoredmooringbuoys,ortoridewithbothanchorsdown系泊 將鏈或繩系在岸上、錨上、錨泊的浮筒上，或雙錨溜錨，以將船固定在某一地點(diǎn)Muster(to) Toassemblecrew,passengersorbothinaspecialplaceforpurposesofchecking集合 將船員和/或旅客集合在某一地點(diǎn)以核查人數(shù)Notundercommand (NUC) AvesselwhichthroughexceptionalcircumstancesisunabletomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheCOLREGs失控船 船舶因異常情況而不能按避撞規(guī)則的要求進(jìn)行操縱Obstruction Anobjectsuchasawreck,net,etc.,whichblocksafairway,route,etc.礙航物 阻航道的沉船、網(wǎng)具等障礙物Offair WhenthetransmissionsofaradiostationoraDeccachain,etc.,havebrokendown,switchedofforsuspended停止發(fā)射 無線電臺(tái)、臺(tái)卡鏈站等損壞、關(guān)閉、中斷發(fā)射Offstation(ofbuoys) Notatthepositioncharted漂移 不在海圖標(biāo)稱的位置上Oilclearance Anoperationtoremoveoilfromthewatersurface油污清除 清除海上污油的作業(yè)Operational Readyforimmediateuse可操作 可即時(shí)使用Ordnanceexercise Navalfiringpractice軍事演習(xí) 海軍發(fā)射演習(xí)OSC On-scenecommander:Thecommanderofarescueunitdesignatedtoco-ordinatesearchandrescueoperationswithinaspecifiedarea現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮員 在某一指定區(qū)域中指定作為搜救作業(yè)指揮的人員Outbound/inboundvessel Avesselleaving/enteringport進(jìn)/出港船 進(jìn)入或駛離港口的船舶Overflow Accidentalescapeofoiloutofatankwhenitgetstoofullbecausepumpingwasnotstoppedintime溢油 因未及時(shí)停下泵浦致使艙柜油品溢出Polluter Avesselemittingharmfulsubstancesintotheairorspillingoilintothesea污染船 向空氣散發(fā)出污染物或向海水中漏油的船舶Proceed(to) Tosailorheadforacertainpositionortocontinuethevoyage駛往 向某一位置駛?cè)セ蚶^續(xù)航行PA-system Publicaddresssystem:Loudspeakersinthevessel’scabins,messrooms,etc.,andondeckviawhichimportantinformationcanbebroadcastfromacentralpoint,mostlyfromthenavigationbridge廣播系統(tǒng) 艙室中、餐廳中或甲板上的高音喇叭，用作從控制中心或駕駛臺(tái)播送重要信息RCC Rescueco-ordinationcentre:Land-basedauthorityconductingandcoordinatingsearchandrescueoperationsinadesignatedarea搜救協(xié)調(diào)中心 在指定區(qū)域中從事搜救作業(yè)和搜救協(xié)調(diào)的岸上機(jī)構(gòu)Receivingpoint Amarkorplaceatwhichavesselcomesunderobligatoryentry,transit,orescortprocedure接受點(diǎn) 船舶到達(dá)進(jìn)入、通過或護(hù)航點(diǎn)的標(biāo)志或地點(diǎn)Referenceline Afictivelinedisplayedontheradarscreenseparatingthefairwayforinboundandoutboundvesselssothattheycansafelypasseachother參照線 雷達(dá)屏幕上顯示的分隔進(jìn)口船和出口船的線，以使相互間安全通過Refloat(to) Topullavesseloffaftergrounding;tosetafloatagain重起浮 使船擱淺后重新浮起Reportingpoint (seeWaypoint)報(bào)告點(diǎn) （見Waypoint）Rendez-vous Anappointmentbetweenvesselsnormallymadeonradiotomeetinacertainareaorposition約見 利用無線電約定在某一區(qū)域或地點(diǎn)相見的約定Rescueteam Agroupofcrewmembersstandingbyincaseofanemergencyinordertoassistotherteamsinactionifnecessary救助隊(duì) 在緊急中，在必要時(shí)向其它隊(duì)組提供援助的一組船員Restrictedarea Adeck,space,area,etc.,notpermittedtobeenteredforsafetyreasons禁入?yún)^(qū) 因安全原因不得進(jìn)入的甲板區(qū)域、空間或處所Retreatsignal Sound,visualorothersignaltoateamorderingittoreturntoitsbase撤回信號(hào) 命令搜尋船組回到基點(diǎn)的聲號(hào)、視覺信號(hào)或其它信號(hào)Rigmove Themovementofanoilrig,drillingplatform,etc.,fromonepositiontoanother鉆井裝置移動(dòng) 鉆井裝置、鉆井平臺(tái)等從一個(gè)位置到另一位置的移動(dòng)Rollcall Theactofcheckingwhoofthepassengersandcrewmembersarepresent,e.g.atassemblystations,byreadingaloudalistoftheirnames點(diǎn)名 利用按名單大聲順序念出名字的方法以核對(duì)船員或旅客人員的作法，如在集合點(diǎn)Safespeed Thatspeedofavesselallowingthemaximumpossibletimeforeffectiveactiontobetakentoavoidacollisionandtobestoppedwithinanappropriatedistance安全航速 可使船舶有足夠時(shí)間采取有效行動(dòng)以避免碰撞并在相應(yīng)距離內(nèi)停下的速度Safetyload Themaximumpermissibleloadofadeck,etc.安全負(fù)荷 甲板等所能承受的最大載荷Safeworkingpressure Themaximumpermissiblepressureincargohoses安全工作壓力 貨油軟管中最大許可壓力SAR Searchandrescue 搜索與救助Scene Theareawheretheevent,e.g.anaccidenthashappened現(xiàn)場(chǎng) 事故發(fā)生的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)Searchpattern Apatternaccordingtowhichvesselsand/oraircraftmayconductacoordinatedsearch(theIMOSARofferssevensearchpatterns)搜索方式 船舶或飛機(jī)進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)搜索的方式（國際海事組織搜救手冊(cè)中規(guī)定了7種搜索方式）Searchspeed ThespeedofsearchingvesselsdirectedbytheOSCorCSS搜索速度 搜索船由協(xié)調(diào)員或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮員指定的速度Segregation(ofgoods) Separationofgoodswhichfordifferentreasonsmustnotbestowedtogether隔離 貨物因種種原因而不能裝載在一起Shiftingcargo Transversemovementofcargo,especiallybulk,causedbyrollingoraheavylist貨物移動(dòng) 散貨在艙內(nèi)因橫搖或大角度橫傾引起的橫向移動(dòng)Slings Ropes,nets,andanyothermeansforhandlinggeneralcargoes吊貨繩扣 裝卸雜貨用的繩扣、網(wǎng)兜等Speedofadvance Thespeedatwhichastormcentremoves前進(jìn)速度 風(fēng)暴中心的移動(dòng)速度Spill(to) Toaccidentallyescape,e.g.oil,etc.,fromavessel,container,etc.,intothesea漏油 自船或集裝箱中向海泄漏油品等Spillcontrolgear Specialequipmentforfightingaccidentaloilspillsatearlystages漏油控制設(shè)備 用作漏油初始階段進(jìn)行漏油控制的一種特殊設(shè)備Spreader here:Stepofapilotladderwhichpreventstheladderfromtwisting防扭扛 引航員梯上防止梯子扭動(dòng)的長(zhǎng)步蹬Standby(to) Tobeinreadinessorpreparedtoexecuteanorder備妥 處于準(zhǔn)備執(zhí)行命令的狀態(tài)Standclear(to) Tokeepaboatawayfromthevessel遠(yuǎn)離 使一船離開另一船Standingorders OrdersoftheMastertotheofficersofthewatchwhichs/hemustcomplywith日常命令 船長(zhǎng)對(duì)高級(jí)船員下達(dá)的其應(yīng)執(zhí)行的命令Standon(to) Tomaintaincourseandspeed直航 保持航向和速度Station Theallottedplaceorthedutiesofeachpersononboard崗位 船上分配給每人的位置或責(zé)任Takeoff(to) Tostartwiththehelicopterfromavessel’sdeck起飛 直升飛機(jī)自船舶甲板向上升起Target Theechogeneratede.g.byavesselonaradarscreen物標(biāo) 雷達(dá)屏幕上由船舶等所產(chǎn)生的回波Trafficlane Aone-wayroutewhichvesselshavetocomplywithwithinatrafficseparationscheme通航道 分道通航制中供船舶行駛的單行道Transshipment(ofcargo) Thetransferofgoodsfromonevesseltoanotheroutsideharbours過駁 將貨物從一船卸至外舷的另一船Transit Thepassageofavesselthroughacanal,fairway,etc.通過 船舶航經(jīng)運(yùn)河、航道等Transitspeed Speedofavesselrequiredforthepassagethroughacanal,fairway,etc.通過速度 船舶通過運(yùn)河、航道等的所需的速度Underway Avesselwhichisnotatanchor,ormadefasttotheshore,oraground在航 未拋錨、未系岸或未擱淺的船Unlit Whenthelightcharacteristicsofabuoyoralighthouseareinoperative熄滅 浮標(biāo)或燈塔的燈質(zhì)無效UTC Universaltimeco-ordinated(exGMT)協(xié)調(diào)時(shí) 協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)（由GMT計(jì)算出）Variable(ofwinds) Whenawindispermanentlychangingthedirectionfromwhichitblows風(fēng)向不定 風(fēng)吹來的方向不斷變化Veering(ofwinds) Whenawindblowsroundclockwise;oppositeofbacking風(fēng)向順轉(zhuǎn) 風(fēng)向順時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)變，與backing相反VTS Vesseltrafficservice:Aservice,designedtoimprovesafety,efficiency,andeasinessofvesseltrafficandtoprotecttheenvironment交管報(bào)務(wù) 提高通航安全性、通航率和通航便利性及保障環(huán)境安全的服務(wù)VTS-area AreacontrolledbyaVTS-CentreorVTS-Station交管區(qū) 由交管中心或交管站所控制的區(qū)域Waypoint Amarkorpositionatwhichavesselisrequiredtoreporttoestablishitsposition報(bào)告點(diǎn) 要求船舶確定并報(bào)告其位置的標(biāo)志處或位置點(diǎn)Windward Thegeneraldirectionfromwhichthewindblows;oppositeofleeward向風(fēng) 風(fēng)吹來的方向，與leeward相反Wreck Avesselwhichhasbeendestroyedorsunkorabandonedatsea沉船 在海上毀損、沉沒或被遺棄的船PARTIII–EXTERNALCOMMUNICATIONPHRASES外部通信句子(Attention:TheuseofStandardPhrasesinships'externalcommunicationdoesnotinanywayexemptfromapplyingtherelevantITURadioRegulationsandProceduresforRadioTelephony)(注意：在船舶外部通信中使用《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語》并不免除船舶執(zhí)行國際電信同盟制定的《無線電規(guī)則》和《無線電話通信程序》有關(guān)規(guī)定的責(zé)任)III/1 DistressCommunications遇險(xiǎn)通信III/1.1 Distressmessages遇險(xiǎn)語句1.1.1 Fire,explosion火災(zāi)與爆炸.1 Vesselonfire(afterexplosion)inposition.....2 Iamonfireinposition.....3 Whatisonfire?.3.1 Engineroomonfire..3.2 Hold(s)onfire..3.3 (Deck)cargoonfire..3.4 Superstructureonfire..3.5 Accommodationonfire..3.5 ...onfire..4 Aredangerousgoodsonfire?.4.1 Yes,oil/...onfire..4.2 No,dangerousgoodsnotonfire..5 Isdangerofexplosion?.5.1 Yes,dangerofexplosion..5.2 No,nodangerofexplosion..6 Whatisdamage?.6.1 Nodamage..6.2 Nopowersupply..6.3 Iamnotundercommand..6.4 Iammakingwater..6.5 Iamsinking..7 Isfireundercontrol?.7.1 Yes,fireundercontrol..7.2 No,firenotundercontrol(firespreading)..8 Canyougetfireundercontrol?.8.1 Yes,Icangetfireundercontrol..8.2 No,Icannotgetfireundercontrol..9 Issmoketoxic?.9.1 Yes,smoketoxic..9.2 No,smokenot