藥理學(xué)智慧樹(shù)知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年南開(kāi)大學(xué)

藥理學(xué)智慧樹(shù)知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年南開(kāi)大學(xué)NicotinicreceptorsareGproteincoupledreceptors,andtheiractivationwillincreasepermeabilityofsodiumorcalciuminpostganglionicneuronsorskeletalmuscles,hencetheyarealwaysexcitatory.

答案:錯(cuò)Glucocorticoidsareessentialatbasallevelsformaintenanceofmanyhomeostaticsystems.Theyarestresshormones,beingsecretedathigherthanbasalratesinresponsetostressandprotectingtheorganismfromstress.

答案:對(duì)PenicillinGcannotbegivenorallybecauseitwillforminsolublecomplexesinthestomach

答案:錯(cuò)Thehalf-lifeofthedrugisnotaffectedbythedrugdosageandrouteofadministration

答案:對(duì)Allautonomicnervoussystemneuronsarecholinergic

答案:錯(cuò)WhichofthefollowingoptionsisanindicationforMetoprolol

答案:Hypertension###Arrhythmia###Angina###AcutecoronarysyndromeThemainphysiologicalroleofneostigmineis(

)

答案:StimulatebladderandGItract###Forthetreatmentofglaucoma###Reversetheeffectsofanesthesiafromneuromuscularblockingagents###ExcitingskeletalmuscletotreatmyastheniagravisWhichofthefollowingdrugsforthetreatmentofarrhythmiamustbeadministeredintravenously（

）

答案:Adenosine###MagnesiumsulfateScopolamineismainlyusedtotreatwhichofthefollowingdiseases(

)

答案:Preventionofpost-operativenauseaandvomiting###PreventionofmotionsicknessWhichofthefollowingdrugsmayproduceorthostatichypotension(

)

答案:Terazosin###Labetalol###Prazosin###CarvedilolWhichofthefollowingantibioticsexhibitsconcentration-dependentkilling?

答案:Daptomycin.WhichofthefollowingantiseizuredrugsproducesenhancementofGABA-mediatedinhibition?

答案:PhenobarbitalWhichdescribesthemechanismofactionofmilrinoneinHF

答案:Increasescardiaccontractility.Withrespecttoopioidreceptors(

)

答案:BothUanddeltareceptorscontributetorespiratorydepressionWhichofthefollowingoptionsisnotanadversereactionofverapamil(

)

答案:DiarrheaWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutamiodaroneiswrong(

)

答案:Amiodaroneiscompletelyabsorbedafteroraladministration,ithasafastonsetofactionA24-year-oldpregnantfemalepresentstotheurgentcareclinicwithfever,frequency,andurgency.Sheisdiagnosedwithaurinarytractinfection(UTI).Basedonpotentialharmtothefetus,whichofthefollowingmedicationsshouldbeavoidedintreatingherUTI?

答案:Tobramycin.WhichofthefollowingoptionsisNOTanadversereactionofcholinergicagonists

答案:ConstipationRegardingdrugsusedinParkinson’sdisease(

)

答案:AmantadinehasantiParkinsonianeffectsandisadministeredatadoseof100mgbdLocalanaestheticagents(

)

答案:ActivityisenhancedbyhighextracellularK+concentrationA30-year-oldpregnantfemalehascellulitiscausedbyMRSA.Whichofthefollowingantibioticswouldbethemostappropriateoptionforoutpatienttherapy?

答案:Clindamycin.CNisa72-year-oldmalewhoistreatedforhyperlipidemiawithhigh-doseatorvastatinforthepast6months.Healsohasahistoryofrenalinsufficiency.HismostrecentlipidpanelshowsanLDLcholesterollevelof131mg/dL,triglyceridesof510mg/dL,andHDLcholesterolof32mg/dL.Hisphysicianwishestoaddanadditionalagentforhishyperlipidemia.WhichofthefollowingchoicesisthebestoptiontoaddressCN’sdyslipidemia?

答案:Niacin.A72-year-oldmalepresentswithfever,cough,malaise,andshortnessofbreath.Hischestx-rayshowsbilateralinfiltratesconsistentwithpneumonia.BronchialwashculturesrevealPseudomonasaeruginosasensitivetocefepime.Whichofthefollowingisthebestdosingschemeforcefepimebasedonthedrug’stime-dependentbactericidalactivity?

答案:4ggivenascontinuousinfusionover24hours.Whichofthefollowingoptionsiswrongaboutoralantihypertensivedrugs(

)

答案:Glinidescanstimulateinsulinsecretionfrompancreaticβcells,andtheyaccomplishthatbybindingtoATP-sensitivepotassiumchannelsatasamesitesWhichofthefollowingantibioticcombinationsisinappropriatebasedonantagonismatthesamesiteofaction?

答案:Clindamycinanderythromycin.Whichofthefollowingmedicationswouldbesafetouseinapatienttakingranolazine?

答案:Enalapril.Whichofthefollowingisnotanon-depolarizingneuromuscularblocker(

)

答案:SuccinylcholineWhichofthefollowingoptionsisnotaclassIIIantiarrhythmicdrug(

)

答案:AtenololThechoiceofbenzodiazepinesforanxietyisbasedon:

答案:AlloftheaboveThestateof“generalanesthesia”usuallyincludes(

)

答案:AlloftheaboveDDisa50-year-oldmalewithnewlydiagnosedhypertension.HiscomorbiditiesincludediabetesandchronichepatitisCinfectionwithmoderateliverimpairment.Herequirestwodrugsforinitialtreatmentofhishypertension.Whichshouldbeprescribedincombinationwithathiazidediuretic?

答案:Lisinopril.Whichofthefollowingoptionsdoesnotbelongtothepharmacologicaleffectsofephedrine(

)

答案:DecreasebloodpressureNitrousoxide(

)

答案:CanbeusedwithO2asacarriergasforhalothaneWhatisthemethodofadministrationoflidocaineforarrhythmia?

答案:i.v.AJisa42-year-oldmanwhowasstartedonniacinsustained-releasetablets2weeksagoforelevatedtriglyceridesandlowHDLlevels.Heiscomplainingofanuncomfortableflushinganditchyfeelingthathethinksisrelatedtotheniacin.WhichofthefollowingoptionscanhelpAJmanagethisadverseeffectofniacintherapy?

答案:Administeraspirin30minutespriortotakingniacin.WhichofthefollowingisnotaGproteincoupledreceptor(

)

答案:NicotinicreceptorsInhaledanestheticsandintravenousagentshavinggeneralanestheticproperties(

)

答案:DirectlyactivateGABAAreceptorsIndicatetheanesthetic,whichisaninhibitorofNMDAglutamatereceptors(

)

答案:KetamineWhichofthefollowingdrugsisclinicallyusedtotreatglaucoma(

)

答案:PilocarpineThefollowingoptionisacontraindicationtopropafenone（

）

答案:CoronaryarterydiseaseA65-year-oldmaleexperiencesuncontrolledanginaattacksthatlimithisabilitytodohouseholdchores.Heisadherenttoamaximizeddoseofβ-blockerwithalowheartrateandlowbloodpressure.Hewasunabletotolerateanincreaseinisosorbidemononitrateduetoheadache.Whichisthemostappropriateadditiontohisantianginaltherapy?

答案:Ranolazine.A58-year-oldmalewithahistoryofhepatitisC,cirrhosis,andascitespresentswithspontaneousbacterialperitonitis.Whichofthefollowingantibioticsrequiresclosemonitoringanddosingadjustmentinthispatientgivenhisliverdisease?

答案:Erythromycin.Indicateanantiseizuredrug,inhibitingcentraleffectsofexcitatoryaminoacids:

答案:LamotrigineJSisa65-year-oldmanwhopresentstohisphysicianformanagementofhyperlipidemia.HismostrecentlipidpanelrevealsanLDLcholesterollevelof165mg/dL.HisphysicianwishestobegintreatmenttolowerhisLDLcholesterollevels.WhichofthefollowingtherapiesisthebestoptiontolowerJS’sLDLcholesterollevels?

答案:Simvastatin.Whichofthefollowingtypesofdrugswillhavemaximumoralbioavailability?

答案:Largelyhydrophobic,yetsolubleinaqueoussolutionsThemainfactorsthataffectthelengthofthehalf-lifeinclude(

)

答案:EliminationrateRegardinglocalanaestheticagents（

）

答案:LocalanaestheticagentsblockconductioninsmallmyelinatedaxonspriortoblockadeofotheraxonsThedrugforpartialandgeneralizedtonic-clonicseizuresis:

答案:AlloftheaboveWhichofthefollowingpatientpopulationsismorelikelytoexperiencemyalgia(musclepain)ormyopathywithuseofHMGCoAreductaseinhibitors?

答案:Patientswithrenalinsufficiency.Indicatetheagentsofchoiceinthetreatmentofmostanxietystates:

答案:BenzodiazepinesWhichofthefollowingadverseeffectsisassociatedwithdaptomycin?

答案:Rhabdomyolysis.A23-year-oldmalepresentswithacuteappendicitisthatrupturesshortlyafteradmission.Heistakentotheoperatingroomforsurgery,andpostsurgicalculturesrevealEscherichiacoliandBacteroidesfragilis,susceptibilitiespending.Whichofthefollowingprovidesadequateempiriccoverageofthesetwopathogens

答案:Piperacillin/tazobactam.A25-year-oldmalepresentstotheurgentcarecenterwithapainlesssoreonhisgenitalsthatstarted1to2weeksago.Hereportsunprotectedsexwithanewpartneraboutamonthago.AbloodtestconfirmsthepatienthasTreponemapallidum.Whichofthefollowingisthedrugofchoiceforthetreatmentofthispatient’sinfectionasasingledose?

答案:BenzathinepenicillinG.A72-year-oldmaleisadmittedtothehospitalfromanursinghomewithseverepneumonia.Hewasrecentlydischargedfromthehospital1weekagoafteropenheartsurgery.Thepatienthasnoknownallergies.Whichofthefollowingregimensismostappropriateforempiriccoverageofmethicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureusandPseudomonasaeruginosainthispatient?

答案:Vancomycin+cefepime+ciprofloxacin.A68-year-oldmalepresentsfromanursinghomewithfever,increasedurinaryfrequencyandurgency,andmentalstatuschanges.Hehasapenicillinallergyofanaphylaxis.Whichofthefollowingβ-lactamsisthemostappropriatechoiceforgram-negativecoverageofthispatient’surinarytractinfection?

答案:Aztreonam.Naloxoneandnaltrexoneare（

）

答案:OpioidantagonistsA58-year-oldmaleisbroughtintotheemergencydepartmentfollowinganautomobileaccident.Hisbloodalcohollevelonadmissionis280mg/dL.Hehasbeentreatedinthepastforseizuresrelatedtoalcoholabuse,andheconfirmsthathehasbeendrinkingheavilyoverthepastmonthsincelosinghisjob.Whattreatmentshouldbegiventothispatientifhebeginstogointowithdrawalwhilehospitalized?

答案:Lorazepam.Recreationaluseofdrugssometimesleadstodependence.Whichofthefollowingisleastlikelytocausephysicaldependence?

答案:AlcoholisteratogenicMentalretardation,microcephaly,andunderdevelopmentofthemidfaceregioninaninfantisassociatedwithchronicmaternalabuseof（

）

答案:EthanolA35-year-oldmanhasbeenabusingcocaineandisagitated,tachycardic,hypertensive,andhyperthermic.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectregardingtreatmentinthissituation?

答案:Benzodiazepineswouldbeagoodchoice,astheyshouldhelpcalmthepatientdown,decreaseheartrate,decreasebloodpressure,anddecreasebodytemperature.Whichantipsychotichasthemostsedativepotentialandissometimesquestionablyusedasahypnoticagentincertainclinicalsettings?

答案:Quetiapine.Whichantidepressanthas,asitstwoproposedprinciplemechanismsofaction,5-HT1areceptorpartialagonismand5-HTreuptakeinhibition?

答案:Vilazodone.Whichantidepressanthas,asitstwoprinciplemechanismsofaction,5-HT2Areceptorantagonismandα2receptorantagonism?

答案:MirtazapineWhichoneofthefollowingantipsychoticshasbeenshowntobeapartialagonistatthedopamineD2receptor?

答案:Aripiprazole.Whichantidepressantisthemostsedating?

答案:Nortriptyline.Theantiparkinsoniandrugwhichactsbyinhibitingthedegradationofdopamineinthebrainis(

)

答案:SelegilineTolerancetotheantiparkinsonianactiondevelopsmostrapidlyinthecaseof(

)

答案:AmantadineAntihistamines,phenothiazines,tricyclicantidepressantsandantiparkinsonianagentshaveacommonpropertythat(

)

答案:AllhaveadrenergicactionPeripheraladverseeffectsoflevodopa,includingnausea,hypotension,andcardiacarrhythmias,canbediminishedbyincludingwhichofthefollowingdrugsinthetherapy?

答案:Carbidopa.WhichmedicationisaglutamatereceptorantagonistthatcanbeusedincombinationwithanacetylcholinesteraseinhibitortomanagethesymptomsofAlzheimer’sdisease?

答案:Memantine.Analgesiceffectsofaspirin:

答案:bothMechanismofaction:aspirin-plateleteffects:

答案:neitherNSAIDprimarilypromotedasananalgesic,notasananti-inflammatoryagent:

答案:KetorolacMediatormostlikelytopromotepain(

)

答案:bradykininMorphinestimulates(

)

答案:NonpropulsiverhythmiccontractionsofsmallintestineofmanWhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingmethadoneiswrong?

答案:Methadoneisanexcellentchoiceforanalgesiainmostpatientssincetherearelimiteddrug–druginteractions.###Theequianalgesicpotencyofmethadoneissimilartothatofmorphine.###Theactivemetabolitesofmethadoneaccumulateinpatientswithrenaldysfunction.WhichofthefollowingopioidsistheLEASTlipophilic?

答案:Morphine.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfentanyliscorrect?

答案:Fentanylis100timesmorepotentthanmorphine.Insmallintestine,morphineparticularlyaffects(

)

答案:DuodenumWhichofthefollowingdrugsismostusefulforthe

treatmentofabsenceseizures?（

）

答案:Lamotrigine.Whichofthefollowingisafirst-linemedicationfor

generalizedtonic–clonicseizures?（

）

答案:Topiramate.Apatientwithfocalcomplexpartialseizureshasbeentreatedfor6monthswithcarbamazepinebut,recently,

hasbeenexperiencingbreakthroughseizuresonamorefrequentbasis.Youareconsideringaddinga

seconddrugtotheantiseizureregimen.Whichofthe

followingdrugsisleastlikelytohaveapharmacokinetic

interactionwithcarbamazepine?（

）

答案:Levetiracetam.A25-year-oldwomanwithmyoclonicseizuresiswell

controlledonvalproate.Sheindicatesthatsheis

interestedinbecomingpregnantinthenextyear.With

respecttoherantiepilepsymedication,whichofthe

followingshouldbeconsidered?（

）

答案:Considerswitchingtolamotrigine.A9-year-oldboyissentforneurologicevaluation

becauseofepisodesofapparentinattention.Overthe

pastyear,thechildhasexperiencedepisodesduring

whichhedevelopsablanklookonhisfaceandhis

eyesblinkfor15seconds.Heimmediatelyresumeshis

previousactivity.Whichonethefollowingbestdescribes

thispatient’sseizures?（

）

答案:Absence.Toxicitiesoflocalanaestheticsinclude(

)

答案:Cardiovasculararrhythmiasandcollapse(bupivacaine)###Dizziness,sedation(lidocaine)###Convulsions(lidocaine)###MethemoglobinemiaWhichoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetoxicityoflocalanaestheticsismostcorrect?

答案:Inoverdosage,hyperventilation(withoxygen)ishelpfultocorrectacidosisandlowerextracellularpotassiumWhichofthefollowingiswrongregardinglocalanesthetics?

答案:Theyaffectonlysmall,unmyelinatednervefibers.###Theyhaveeitheralipophilicorahydrophilicgroup.###Intheirionizedform,theyinteractwiththeproteinreceptorofcalciumchannels.###TheyareunaffectedbypHofthetissueandpKaofthedrug.Aprominenttoxiceffectoflocalanaestheticsis(

)

答案:CNSstimulationA32-year-oldwomanrequestsanepiduraltoeaselaborpains.ShereportsthatshehadanallergicreactiontoNovocain(procaine)atthedentist’soffice.Whichofthefollowinglocalanestheticswouldbeappropriateforuseinanepiduralforthispatient?

答案:Ropivacaine.Fourstagesofgeneralanesthesiaaredistinctlyseenwiththeuseof(

)

答案:DiethyletherApatientwithheartfailureandsignificantlyreducedcardiacoutputrequiressurgicalanesthesia.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouexpecttoseeinthispatient?

答案:SlowerinductiontimewithIVanestheticsWhichofthefollowingisapotentanalgesicbutaweakanesthetic?

答案:NitrousoxidWhichoneofthefollowingisapotentintravenousanestheticbutaweakanalgesic?

答案:PropofolFollowinggeneralanestheticisnotmetabolized(

)

答案:NitrousoxideThemostlikelyexplanationfortheincreasedsensitivityofelderlypatientstoasingledoseoftriazolamandothersedative-hypnoticdrugsis(

)

答案:ChangesinbrainfunctionthataccompanytheagingprocessFollowingisGABAAagonist(

)

答案:MuscimolWhichoneofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectregardingbenzodiazepines?

答案:Allbenzodiazepineshavesomesedativeeffects.WhichagentisbestusedintheEmergencyRoomsettingforpatientswhoarebelievedtohavereceivedtoomuchofabenzodiazepinedrugortakenanoverdoseofbenzodiazepines?

答案:FlumazenilWhichoneofthefollowingstatementsiswrongregardingtheanxiolyticandhypnoticagents?

答案:Phenobarbitalisusefulinthetreatmentofacuteintermittentporphyria.###DiazepamandphenobarbitalinducethecytochromeP450enzymesystem.###Buspironehasactionssimilartothoseofthebenzodiazepines.###Phenobarbitalshowsanalgesicproperties.Neurotransmittersmay(

)

答案:IncreasechlorideconductancetocauseinhibitionSubstancesecretedintothebloodbyaneuronis(

)

答案:NeurohormoneFollowingisthemaininhibitorytransmitterinthebrain(

)

答案:GABAFollowingisaG-proteincoupledreceptor(

)

答案:MetabotropicWhichoneofthefollowingchemicalsdoessatisfythecriteriaforaneurotransmitterroleintheCNS?

答案:SubstanceP###Glycine###Dopamine###AcetylcholineWhichofthefollowingantithyroiddrugsisnotsuitableforchildren(

)

答案:PropylthiouracilThemechanismofactionofpropylthiouracilis(

)

答案:InhibitthebiosynthesisofthyroxinThefollowingdrugsthatcancauseleukopeniaare(

)

答案:Methimazole###Propylthiouraci###CarbimazoleWhichofthefollowingoptionsisnotanadversereactionofpropylthiouracil(

)

答案:FetaltoxicityPropylthiouracil,carbimazoleandmethimazolecausesfetaltoxicities,likefetalgoiter,choanalatresia,scalpdefectsandaplasiacutis.Istheabovestatementcorrec

答案:錯(cuò)Metforminiscontraindicatedinwhichofthefollowingpatients(

)

答案:RenalinsufficiencyWhichofthefollowingdrugscancauseweightlossinpatients(

)

答案:Liraglutide###ExenatideWhichofthefollowinghypoglycemicdrugscanNOTstimulatethepancreaticbetacellstosecreteinsulin(

)

答案:PioglitazoneWhichofthefollowingoptionsisthemostseriousadversereactionofmetformin（

）

答案:LacticacidosisWhichofthefollowinghypoglycemicdrugsisanα-glucosidaseinhibitor(

)

答案:Acarbose###MiglitolLong-termuseofglucocorticoidscancause(

)

答案:LowbloodpotassiumWhichofthefollowingoptionsarecontraindicationstoglucocorticoids(

)

答案:Pepticulcer###Diabetes###Glaucoma###OsteoporosisWhichofthefollowingoptionsisnotanadversereactionofglucocorticoids(

)

答案:HypoglycemiaGlucocorticoidscanbeadministeredorally,systemicallyorintra-articularly.Istheabovestatementcorrect

答案:對(duì)Whichofthefollowingoptionsdoesnotbelongtotheclinicalapplicationofglucocorticoids

答案:ForthetherapytofuberculosisWhatistheclinicaltermforanginacausedbycoronaryvasospasm？

答案:PrinzmetalanginaWhichsideeffectisassociatedwithamlodipine

答案:EdemA72-year-oldmalepresentstotheprimarycarecliniccomplainingofchesttightnessandpressurethatisincreasinginseverityandfrequency.Hiscurrentmedicationsincludeatenolol,lisinopril,andnitroglycerin.Whichinterventionismostappropriateatthistime?

答案:ReferthepatienttothenearestemergencyroomforevaluationAllofthefollowingmedicationscanbeusefulformanagingstableanginainapatientwithcoronaryarterydiseaseexcept:

答案:Immediate-releasenifedipineA62-year-oldpatientwithahistoryofasthmaandvasospasticanginastatesthathegetschestpainbothwithexertionandatrest,abouttentimesperweek.Onesublingualnitroglycerintabletalwaysrelieveshissymptoms,butthismedicationgiveshimanawfulheadacheeverytimehetakesit.Whichisthebestoptionforimprovinghisangina?

答案:AddamlodipineWhatistheclinicaltermforanginacausedbycoronaryvasospasm?

答案:PrinzmetalanginaWhichsideeffectisassociatedwithamlodipine?

答案:EdemaA62-year-oldpatientwithahistoryofasthmaandvasospasticanginastatesthathegetschestpainbothwithexertionandatrest,abouttentimesperweek.Onesublingualnitroglycerintabletalwaysrelieveshissymptoms,butthismedicationgiveshimanawfulheadacheeverytimehetakesit.Whichisthebestoptionforimprovinghisangina

答案:AddamlodipineHowdoβ-blockersimprovecardiacfunctioninHF?

答案:BydecreasingcardiacremodelingWhichbestdescribestheactionofACEinhibitorsonthefailingheart?

答案:ACEinhibitorsreducepreloadBCisa70-year-oldfemalewhoisdiagnosedwithHFrEF.Herpastmedicalhistoryissignificantforhypertensionandatrialfibrillation.Sheistakinghydrochlorothiazide,lisinopril,metoprololtartrate,andwarfarin.BCsayssheisfeeling“good”andhasnocough,shortnessofbreath,oredema.Whichisthemostappropriatemedicationchangetomake

答案:ChangemetoprololtartratetometoprololsuccinateWhatmakeslosartandifferentfromotherARBs?

答案:LosartanhasanactivemetabolitWhichdrugmayexacerbateHF?

答案:IbuprofenWhichcanprecipitateahypertensivecrisisfollowingabruptcessationoftherapy?

答案:ClonidineA45-year-oldmanwasjuststartedontherapyforhypertensionanddevelopedapersistent,drycough.Whichismostlikelyresponsibleforthissideeffect?

答案:EnalaprilA48-year-oldhypertensivepatienthasbeensuccessfullytreatedwithathiazidediureticforthelast5years.Overthelast3months,hisdiastolicpressurehassteadilyincreased,andhewasstartedonanadditionalantihypertensiveagent.Hecomplainsofseveralinstancesofbeingunabletoachieveanerectionandnotbeingabletocompletethreesetsoftennisasheoncedid.Whichisthelikelysecondantihypertensivemedication?

答案:MetoprololWhichmaycausereflextachycardiaand/orposturalhypotensiononinitialadministration?

答案:PrazosinA40-year-oldmalehasrecentlybeendiagnosedwithhypertensionduetopressurereadingsof163/102and165/100mmHg.Healsohasdiabetesthatiswellcontrolledwithoralhypoglycemicmedications.Whichisthebestinitialtreatmentregimenfortreatmentofhypertensioninthispatient?

答案:LisinoprilandhydrochlorothiazideThesideeffectsofquinidinedonoti