2020屆北京市朝陽區(qū)高三考前保溫訓練英語試題(解析版)

高中英語月考(段考)試卷PAGEPAGE24北京市朝陽區(qū)2020屆高三考前保溫訓練（一）英語試題第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）InthelastsevendaysIhaveseenthepressurethattheNHSisunder.Ihaveseenthepersonalcouragenotjustofthedoctorsandnursesbutofeveryone,thecleaners,the___1___(cook),thehealthcareworkersofeverydescription-physios,radiographers___2___havekeptcomingtowork,keptputtingthemselvesinharm'sway,kept___3___(risk)thisdeadlyvirus.Itisthankstothatcourage,thatdevotion,thatdutyandthatlovethatourNHShasbeenunbeatable.TheArcticOceaninsummerwillverylikelybeicefreebefore2050,atleasttemporally.Theresearchteam___4___(analyze)recentresultsfrom40differentclimatemodels.Usingthesemodels,theresearchersconsideredthefutureevolutionofArcticseaicecoverinascenariowithhighfutureCO2emissionsandlittleclimateprotection.As___5___(expect),Arcticseaicedisappearedquicklyinsummerinthesesimulations.However,thenewstudyfindsthatArcticsummerseaicealsodisappearsoccasionallyifCO2emissionsare___6___(rapid)reduced.Inordertounderstand___7___birdbrainschanged,ateamof37scientistsusedCTscandatatocreateendocasts(內腔)ofhundredsofbirdsanddinosaurs,whichthe___8___(combine)withalargeexistingdatabaseofbrainmeasurementsfrommodernbirds.Theythenanalyzedbrain-bodyallometry(體形變).“Thereisnoclearline___9___thebrainsofadvanceddinosaursandprimitivebirds,”_____10_____(note)co-authorDr.AmyBalanoffofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Birdslikepigeonshavethesamebrainssizesyouwouldexpectforadinosaurofthesamebodysize,andinfactsomespecieslikemoa(恐鳥)havesmaller-than-expectedbrains.”『答案』1.cooks2.who3.risking4.hasorganized5.expected6.rapidly7.how8.combination9.between10.notes『解析』此題是由三則故事組成的。第一則故事是英國首相鮑里斯治愈出院后的講話。第二則是講未來北冰洋的冰在夏天會消失。第三則講的是探索鳥類的大腦是如何運作的?！?題詳解』考查名詞單復數。句意：不僅是醫(yī)生和護士，是每一個個人，包括清潔工和廚師，還包括理療師、放射師、藥劑師等在內的各種類型的醫(yī)療工作者。他們不停地工作，始終把自己置于危險的境地。根據句子thecleaners,the___1___(cook),thehealthcareworkers可知，這里是并列結構，并且前后都使用了名詞的復數。所以這里cook也應該用復數形式。故填cooks。『2題詳解』考查定語從句。句意：不僅是醫(yī)生和護士，是每一個個人，包括清潔工和廚師，還包括理療師、放射師、藥劑師等在內的各種類型的醫(yī)療工作者。他們不停地工作，始終把自己置于危險的境地。在這句話中先行詞是workers工人。在定語從句里面，句子沒有主語，所以先行詞在句子中充當主語的成分，這里又是非限制性定語從句。故填who?！?題詳解』考查非謂語動詞。句意：不僅是醫(yī)生和護士，是每一個個人，包括清潔工和廚師，還包括理療師、放射師、藥劑師等在內的各種類型的醫(yī)療工作者。他們不停地工作，始終把自己置于危險的境地。根據前文keptcomingtowork,keptputtingthemselvesinharm'sway,可知，這里需要使用keepdoing，來進行并列。故填risking。『4題詳解』考查時態(tài)。句意：這支研究團隊通過對40個氣候模型分析出了最近的研究成果。分析這個動作發(fā)生在過去，但是分析出來的結果對后面的研究起了影響。也就是說發(fā)生在過去對現在造成了影響，所以要用現在完成時。主語team又是單數。故填hasorganized。『5題詳解』考查省略句。句意：正如預期那樣，在這種刺激下北冰洋的冰在夏季會快速消失。這里應該是北冰洋里的冰，正如預期那樣。冰和預期為被動關系，所以完整的句子asitisexpected，it指代北冰洋里的冰，和主句的主語相同且謂語動詞為be動詞，則狀語從句中的主語和be動詞就可以省略。故填expected?！?題詳解』考查副詞。句意：如果二氧化碳的排放量可以迅速減少的話。這里表達的意思是排放迅速減少，迅速是來修飾減少的。而reduce又是動詞詞性，所以前面要用副詞修飾。故填rapidly?！?題詳解』考查賓語從句。句意：為了理解鳥類的大腦是如何轉變的。在這里從句跟在understand后作賓語就是賓語從句。change做不及動詞，賓語從句為主謂結構。這里作方式，要表示“如何”這個含義。故填how。『8題詳解』考查名詞。句意：這里有一個關于各種現代鳥類大腦測量的數據庫。空格前是定冠詞the，空格后又是with所帶的后置定語，所以空格應該填名詞形式。故答案填combination?！?題詳解』考查固定搭配。句意：在高級恐龍的大腦和原始鳥類的大腦之間，并無太大的區(qū)別。在這里要表達的意思是“在……之間”。這里只有恐龍和鳥類兩者，則為固定搭配between…and。故填between?！?0題詳解』考查時態(tài)。句意來自HopkinsUniversity大學的Amy教授這樣說道。在這個段落里面都使用的是一般現在時。而這句話中并無明顯的時間狀語標志，則應該與整段話一致。教授說這句話是主動關系，且主語是單數。故填notes。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。JustBeingThereMarkandIvanranfromtheschoolbustoMark’shouse.Theyhadbothtriedoutfortheschoolsoccerteam,andthe___11___weresupposedtobeonlinebynow.Droppingtheirbackpacksinthefronthall,theboysracedtothe___12___.Markloggedintotheschoolwebsite.Thelistwasup!Findinghis___13___,Markbreathedasighofrelief.“Oursufferingisover,”hesaid.Ivandidn’t___14___,though.Markturnedtolookathim.Ivanhada(n)___15___expressiononhisface.Markturnedbacktothecomputerandreadeverynameonthelist,___16___forIvan’sname.Markfeltasifhehadbeenhitinthestomach.“Thisisn’t___17___,”heshouted.Ivanjustsighed.“Let’stalktothecoaches.Maybethey’llgiveyouanother___18___,”Markinsisted.Ivanjust___19___hishead.“IfIdidn’tmakeit,Ididn’tmakeit.”Thenhewas___20___,staringatthecomputerscreen.Oh,no,Markthought.WasIvanabouttocry?“AtleastyoucansleepinonSaturdays,”he___21___Ivan.“Right?”Noanswer.Marksighed.Hewishedhecould___22___peopleupthewayIvancould.Evenbackinkindergarten,Ivanhadknownhowtodoit.Onthefirstdayofkindergarten,Markhadbeenhomesickandbegantocryduringthebreak.Theotherkids___23___aroundhim.“Wanttohearafunnyjoke?”“Tryto___24___!”Afterawhile,theywalkedaway.OnlyIvan___25___.Hesaid,“I’lljustkeepyoucompanywhileyou’resad.”Minuteslater,thetwoboyswereplayinghappily.___26___itnow,Markfeltcalmer.Forafewminutes,hekeptquiet.Thenhesaid,“Thismustbereallyhard.”Ivanfinally___27___hiseyesfromthescreen.HelookedatMarkandnodded.“Yeah.Itis.”Thefriendssatin___28___forawhile.ThenIvantookadeepbreath,wipedhiseyesandstoodup.“Maybewecouldshootsomehoops(投籃),”hesuggested.“I’llprobablyfeel___29___whenIbeatyou.”Hesmiledalittle.Markstoodup,too.“YoumeanwhenIbeatyou,”hesaid.Ivanlaughed,andtheyheadedoutside.“Thanks,”saidIvan,noddingatMark.“___30___.Thanks,Mark.”11.A.photos B.results C.songsD.films12.A.book B.piano C.televisionD.computer13.A.team B.match C.name D.plan14.A.respond B.care C.agree D.listen15.A.excited B.confused C.frightened D.amused16.A.preparing B.asking C.searching D.waiting17.A.fair B.funny C.direct D.popular18.A.lesson B.chance C.example D.job19.A.nodded B.shook C.turned D.raised20.A.silent B.tired C.thankful D.pleased21.A.blamed B.warned C.comfortedD.promised22.A.cheer B.keep C.wake D.lift23.A.ran B.moved C.crowded D.jumped24.A.talk B.shout C.play D.smile25.A.changed B.understood C.hesitatedD.remained26.A.Evaluating B.Remembering C.TreasuringD.Managing27.A.turned B.opened C.fixedD.widened28.A.peace B.silence C.surpriseD.satisfaction29A.safer B.weaker C.lonelierD.better30.A.Seriously B.Honestly C.HopefullyD.Naturally『答案』11.B12.D13.C14.A15.B16.C17.A18.B19.B20.A21.C22.A23.C24.D25.D26.B27.A28.B29.D30.A『解析』本文為一篇記敘文。主要講了兩個小男孩Ivan和Mark的友誼的故事。Ivan在足球隊選拔中落伍，好朋友Mark一直在身邊安慰?！?1題詳解』考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：結果現在應該在網上了。A.photos照片；B.results結果；C.songs歌曲；D.films電影。根據下文Thelistwasup!可知，這里講足球隊的名單出來了。故此題選B?！?2題詳解』考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：兩個男孩沖到電腦面前。A.book書；B.piano鋼琴；C.television電視；D.computer電腦。根據下文的website可知，是在網站上查詢結果。故此題選D。『13題詳解』考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Mark在找到自己名字后，如釋重負。A.team隊伍；B.match比賽；C.name名字；D.plan計劃。通過上文的list可知，他們是在名單上找自己的名字。故此題選C。14題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是Ivan沒有回應。A.respond回應；B.care在意；C.agree同意D.listen聽。上一句說到Mark查到結果后對Ivan說話，這里用了轉折，可知Ivan沒有回應他。故此題選A?！?5題詳解』考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Ivan臉上流露出很疑惑的表情。A.excited激動的；B.confused不解的；C.frightened害怕的；D.amused好笑的。根據下文可知Ivan落選了，所以他對于這個結果很不解。故此題選B。『16題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Mark返回電腦屏幕前，瀏覽著名單想找到Ivan名字。A.preparing準備；B.asking要求；C.searching尋找；D.waiting等待。Ivan落選了，兩個孩子都不相信，所以Mark再讀名單，找尋Ivan的名字。故此題選C?！?7題詳解』考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這不公平。A.fair公平的；B.funny有趣的；C.direct直接的；D.popular受歡迎的。這里講到的是Mark對于摯友落選的看法，他覺得好友沒選上是不公平的。故此題選A?！?8題詳解』考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們去找教練吧，讓他給你再一次的機會。A.lesson課程；B.chance機會；C.example例子；D.job工作。Ivan落選，Mark希望教練可以重新考慮一下，給個機會。故此題選B?！?9題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Ivan只是搖了搖頭。A.nodded點頭；B.shook搖頭；C.turned變得；D.raised提出。通過Ivan說的話IfIdidn’tmakeit,Ididn’tmakeit.可以知道，他是不贊成好友的說法的。故此題選B。『20題詳解』考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：此后Ivan沉默不言，只是盯著屏幕。A.silent沉默的；B.tired勞累的；C.thankful感激的；D.pleased高興的。通過此句后半部分staringat可知，Ivan在對著屏幕發(fā)呆。故此題選A。『21題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Mark安慰道你至少星期天早上不用早起了。A.blamed責備；B.warned警告；C.comforted安慰；D.promised承諾?？粗糜巡桓吲d，Mark要來安慰一下。故此題選C。『22題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他希望能像Ivan一樣鼓舞人。A.cheer鼓舞；B.keep保持；C.wake醒來；D.lift舉起。通過下文Mark在教室哭泣，Ivan來安慰他可知，Ivan會鼓舞別人。故此題選A。『23題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：其他的孩子圍了過來。A.ran跑；B.moved移動；C.crowded擠滿；D.jumped跳。這里講到Mark在教室里哭了起來，其他的小朋友都圍過來安慰他，問他怎么了。故此題選C?！?4題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你想聽笑話嗎？快快笑起來吧。A.talk交談；B.shout吼叫；C.play玩耍；D.smile微笑。前文講到funnyjoke，所以是想讓他笑起來。故此題選D?！?5題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：只有Ivan一個人留在那兒。A.changed改變；B.understood理解；C.hesitated猶豫；D.remained留下。根據文中walkaway可知，其他孩子都走開了，只剩下了Ivan。故此題選D?！?6題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：記住了Ivan所說的話，Mark變得平靜了一些。A.Evaluating評價；B.Remembering記住；C.Treasuring珍惜；D.Managing管理。上文Ivan說到I’lljustkeepyoucompanywhileyou’resad.在Mark不開心的時候，Ivan說會一致陪著他。所以Mark把這句話牢牢記住，心情就好了一些。故此題選B。『27題詳解』考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最終Ivan將眼睛從屏幕上移開。A.turned轉向；B.opened打開；C.fixed固定；D.widened變寬。通過下文HelookedatMark，可知沒看屏幕了而去看了Mark。故答案選A?！?8題詳解』考查名詞詞義辨析句意：兩個人保持了一會沉默。A.peace和平；B.silence沉默；C.surprise驚訝；D.satisfaction滿意。通過下文tookadeepbreath可知，兩個人沒有說話。故此題選B?！?9題詳解』考查形容詞比較級詞義辨析。句意：如果我能打敗你，我會好受一下。A.safer更安全；B.weaker更虛弱；C.lonelier更孤獨；D.better更好。Ivan落選心情不好，這是他想出來緩解心情的辦法，這樣會讓他心情好受一些。故此題選D?！?0題詳解』考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：說真的，Mark謝謝你。A.Seriously嚴肅地；B.Honestly誠實地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Naturally自然地。這里Ivan是真心想給Mark說聲感謝。故此題選A。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AIt’sbothanexcitingbutfrighteningexperienceforparentsthemomenttheirteenagerobtainsadriver’slicense.Herearesomeofthebestandmostrecommendedappsforteendriversandfortheirparents’peaceofmind.SafeDriverThisappworksbymonitoringthepositionandthedrivingspeedofyourchild.Youcanalsosetaspeedlimit.Wheneveryourchilddrivesoverthisspeedlimit,analert(警報)willbesenttoyourphone.Itsonlydrawbackisthatit’sonlyeffectivewhenyourchildopenstheappontheirphonewhiledriving.DriveSafelyIfyou’rescaredofyourteenagers’tendenciestobeonthephonewhiledriving,thisisagreatappforthemtouse.Wheneveratextmessagecomesin,it’llreadthetextmessageoutloud.Thedriverneedn’ttaketheirhandsoffthewheelinordertochecktextmessagesontheirphone.Theusercanevenrespondtothemessageviavoice.TextecutionThisapplocksadriver’sphonewhileheorsheisdriving,preventingtheuserfromgainingaccesstoanyoftheSMSfunctionsofthephone.Parentscanbealertedviatheapp’swebsite.Forexample,you’llbesentanalertintheeventthatthedriverhasrequestedpermissiontoaccesstheirphone’smessagingfunction.Thisfunctioncanonlybeactivatedifthedriverissafelyparkedorintheeventofanaccident.Ifeveryourchildremovestheapplicationfromtheirphone,parentscanbeinformed,too.Life360Theinitialpurposeofthisappisconnectingfamilymemberstogether.Throughtheapp,youcanshareyourpositionwithoneanotherwhereveryouare.Itprovidesreal-timedataforparentsaboutpositionanddrivingspeed.Parentscan,therefore,feelsafeandsecureknowingthattheirchildhasreachedtheirintendeddestination.Theapplicationcanbeturnedoff.Butit’llinformthememberswithintheappthatyourchildhasdisabledit.31.WhatcantheappSafeDriverdo?A.Controltheuser’sdrivingspeed.B.Keepworkingevenwhenit’sturnedoff.C.Helpteenagersdevelopgooddrivinghabits.D.Alertparentstotheirchildren’soverspeeddriving.32.Whichappenablestheusertoreceiveandanswertextmessageseasilywhiledriving?A.SafeDriver. B.DriveSafely. C.Textecution. D.Life360.33.WhatdoTextecutionandLife360haveincommon?A.Theyareintendedtobringfamilymemberscloser.B.Teenagerscan’tdeletethemwithoutparents’permission.C.Parentscanknowiftheystopworkingonteenagers'phones.D.Theyofferparentsreal-timedataaboutpositionanddrivingspeed.『答案』31.D32.B33.C『分析』這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四款最好的和最受推薦的應用程序為青少年司機和他們的父母安心：SafeDriver，DriveSafely，Textecution和Life360。『31題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。根據文章SafeDriver部分內容“Wheneveryourchilddrivesoverthisspeedlimit,analertwillbesenttoyourphone.”可知每當孩子開車超過這個速度限制，一個警告將發(fā)送到家長的手機。故選D項?！?2題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。根據文章DriveSafely部分內容“Wheneveratextmessagecomesin,it’llreadthetextmessageoutloud.”以及“Theusercanevenrespondtothemessageviavoice.”可知，每當有短信進來，這款APP就會大聲讀出短信，用戶甚至可以通過語音回復信息，因此可知，“DriveSafely”可以使用戶可以在開車時輕松地接收和回復短信。故選B項?！?3題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。根據文章Textecution部分內容“Ifeveryourchildremovestheapplicationfromtheirphone,parentscanbeinformed,too.(如果你的孩子從手機上刪除了這個應用程序，父母也可以被告知。)”和文章Life360部分內容“Theapplicationcanbeturnedoff.Butit'llinformthememberswithintheappthatyourchildhasdisabledit.(該應用程序可以關閉，但它會通知應用程序內的成員，您的孩子禁用了它。)”可知，這兩款應用軟件的共同點在于如果孩子不再使用該軟件，那么父母會被告知。故選C項『點睛』閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解題考查內容主要涉及時間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結果、數字等議論文中例證細節(jié)和定義類細節(jié)。這類題目的共同特點是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根據文章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。在做此類題目時可采用事尋讀法，即：根據題干關鍵詞定位原文內容，與選項進行對比分析，從而選出正確答案。比如文章第2小題：31.WhatcantheappSafeDriverdo?A.Controltheuser'sdrivingspeed.B.Keepworkingevenwhenit’sturnedoff.C.Helpteenagersdevelopgooddrivinghabits.D.Alertparentstotheirchildren’soverspeeddriving.根據題干關鍵詞“SafeDriver”定位，利用尋讀法通讀該部分內容，可知選項D.Alertparentstotheirchildren’soverspeeddriving.(提醒父母注意孩子超速駕駛。)與原文“Wheneveryourchilddrivesoverthisspeedlimit,analertwillbesenttoyourphone.(每當你的孩子開車超過這個速度限制，你的手機就會收到一個警告。)”表達一致。因此D項為正確答案。BAwomanwhoillegallyenteredYellowstoneNationalParkonMay12hassufferedburnsafteraccidentallyfallingintoathermalfeature(熱景觀)nearitsOldFaithfulGeyser,officialssaid.TheparkhasbeenclosedtoallvisitorssinceMarch24duetosafetyprecautionsamidthecoronaviruspandemic(新冠病毒大流行).“Waterinhotspringscancausesevereorfatalburns,andhotwaterunderliesmostofthethin,breakablesurfacearoundhotsprings,”theparkadvisesonitswebsite.“HotspringshaveinjuredorkilledmorepeopleinYellowstonethananyothernaturalfeature.”Thewoman,whoisyettobeidentified,wasbackingupwhiletakingphotosnearthefamoustouristattractionandfellintoahotspringorholewherehotgasesemerge,accordingtoparkspokeswomanLindaVeress.Evenwithherinjuries,shemanagedtohopbackinhervehicleanddriveabout50milesuntilparkguardsstoppedher.ShewasthensenttoaburncenteratahospitalinIdaho.VisitorsareadvisedtostayontheboardwalksnearYellowstone’softenboilingoracidicthermalfeatures,whichincludegeysers,hotsprings,steamvents,andmudpots.Thisyear,twotouristsweresentencedto10daysinprisonfortrespassingatthehotspringlastSeptemberaftertheywerecaughtwalking“dangerouslyclose”tothespoutofthelegendarygeyser(間歇泉)withoutpermissionandtakingphotosontheircellphones.“ThermalareasafetyisanextremelyimportantpartofanytriptoYellowstone.WeaskvisitorstotaketheYellowstonePromisebeforecomingtotheparkandtoreadtheparkvisitorguideformoreinformationonsafety,rules,andregulations,”aspokespersonsaidfollowingtheincidentlastyear.Attimes,touristshavetakenrisksoffthedesignatedwalkwaysbeforebeinginjuredorkilled.Lastfall,amanwhowaswalkingoffaboardwalknearOldFaithfulatnightfellintoahotspring,sufferingseriousburns.BackinJune,a23-year-oldOregonresidentfellintoasuperheated,acidicmudpotanddied.Hisremainscouldn'tberecovered.YellowstoneisannouncingplansforaphasedreopeningonMay13.Theincidentremainsunderinvestigation,Veresssaid.34.WhatistrueaboutthewomanmentionedinParagraph1?A.Wedon’tknowwhosheis.B.She’sgoodattakingphotos.C.Shedrovetohospitalafterbeinginjured.D.ShediedinYellowstoneNationalParkonTuesday.35.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trespassing”mean?A.damaging B.takingphotosC.enteringwithoutpermission D.drinkingwaterfromhotspring36.WhatshouldyoudowhenvisitingYellowstoneNationalPark?A.Haveacameraandtakephotos. B.Don’tgotohotspringarea.C.Followvisitorguideandbecareful. D.Don’ttakethewalkways.37.WhatcanwelearnaboutYellowstoneNationalPark?A.Visitorsgetinjuredorkilledbyhotspringthemost.B.It’sdangerousforvisitorstotakephotosinthepark.C.YellowstoneNationalParkisthemostfamousoneintheUS.D.Visitorswillbeallowedtoentertheparkattheendoftheyear.『答案』34.A35.C36.C37.A『分析』這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了一名女子非法進入黃石國家公園中，最終落入溫泉中被燒傷?！?4題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。由第一段內容“Thewoman,whoisyettobeidentified,wasbackingupwhiletakingphotosnearthefamoustouristattractionandfellintoahotspringorholewherehotgasesemerge,accordingtoparkspokeswomanLindaVeress.”據公園發(fā)言人琳達·維里斯說，這名身份尚未得到確認的女子當時正在著名的旅游景點附近倒車拍照，結果掉進了一個冒出熱氣溫泉或洞穴?？芍?，關于第一段提到的那個女人，我們不知道她是誰。故選A項?！?5題詳解』詞義猜測題。由第二段“Visitorsareadvisedtostayontheboardwalks…”游客們被建議呆在黃石公園附近的木板路上……和“theywerecaughtwalking“dangerouslyclose”tothespoutofthelegendarygeyser(間歇泉)withoutpermissionandtakingphotosontheircellphones.”他們被發(fā)現，在未經許可的情況下過分的走近傳奇的間歇泉的噴口并且用手機拍照?？芍呓g歇泉是不被允許的，會被懲罰，可以推斷兩名游客被判處入獄10天的是因為侵入溫泉，故“trespassing”的含義是未經許可進入。故選C項?！?6題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“WeaskvisitorstotaketheYellowstonePromisebeforecomingtotheparkandtoreadtheparkvisitorguideformoreinformationonsafety,rules,andregulations,”我們要求游客在來公園之前遵守黃石承諾，并閱讀公園游客指南，獲取更多關于安全、規(guī)則和規(guī)定的信息。可知，當我們參觀黃石國家公園時,要遵循游客指南，要小心謹慎。故選C項。『37題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。由第一段“HotspringshaveinjuredorkilledmorepeopleinYellowstonethananyothernaturalfeature.”黃石公園溫泉造成的傷亡人數比其他任何自然景觀都要多。可以推斷，在黃石國家公園中，游客因溫泉受傷或死亡最多。故選A項?！狐c睛』細節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學們若能根據題干內容從原文中找到相關的句子，然后進行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。多數情況下，作者不會明確的呈現一個事實，讀者需要根據已有的信息進行處理，讀出言外之意。還要特別注意文章的時間順序、故事發(fā)生的地點、情節(jié)的發(fā)展和人物之間的關系。例如，第2題文章中游客們被建議呆在黃石公園附近的木板路，并且兩名游客在未經許可的情況下過分的走近傳奇的間歇泉的噴口?？芍?，兩名游客被判處入獄10天的是因為侵入溫泉，故“trespassing”的含義是未經許可進入。故選C項。CAtlanticpuffins(海雀)spendmostoftheirlifeatsea.Whenit'stimetolayeggs,thebirdsgatheronseasidecliffs.Theydigintothegroundtobuildnests.Afterachickwasborn,itspendssixweeksinthenest,feastingonfishsuppliedbyitsparents.Thentheyoungbirdmustlookafteritself.Itleavesthenestandfliestothesea.ButonHeimaey,anislandoffthecoastofIceland,human-madeobjectshavedisruptedthechicks’triptotheocean.Luckily,theyaregettinghelpfromthechildrenofHeimaey.Instincttellschickstofollowthelightofthemoontothesea,buttheyareconfusedbyHeimaey’sbrightlights.Eachyear,alargenumberofthemenduplost,orworse.Often,thebirdsarehitbycarsorcaughtandeatenbycats.Eachbreedingseason,thechildrenofHeimaeyformsearchparties.Theycarryflashlightsandcardboardboxes.“Whenyouseeabird,youtrytocorneritandherditintothebox,”saidEldurHansen.Elduris14andhehascaughtseveralpuffinsthisway.Eachyear,theyrescuethousandsofchicks.Childrentakerescuedbirdshome.Thenextmorning,theytakethemtothebeachforrelease.Beforereleasingthechicks,thechildrenmakeastopatthelocalaquarium,wherethebirdsareweighedandtaggedfortrackingpurposes.Thishelpsscientistslearnmoreaboutpuffins.Atlanticpuffinsarenowlistedasararespecies.Thatmeanstheyarelikelytobecomeendangered.Themainreasonisthattheocean’ssupplyofsmallfishisdiminishing.Thisistiedtooverfishingandrisingoceantemperatures.ErpurHansen,EldurHansen’sdad,iswiththeSouthIcelandNatureResearchCenter.Hesaidthechildren’sactionwasmoreimportantthanever.Thankstodatagatheredwiththechildren’shelp,researchershavelearnedthatchicksnowweighlessthaninpreviousyears.Thatmeanstheyhavealowerchanceofsurvival.Researchersworrythatpuffinswilldieoutifoceantemperaturescontinuetorise,butthechildren’srescueinspiresthem.38.Whatwillamotherpuffindoafterachickwasborn?A.Catchfishtofeedthechick. B.Stayinthenestforsixweeks.C.Leavethenestandflytotheseaalone. D.Leadthechickbacktotheseaatonce.39.Whatmaydisturbthechicks’senseofdirectionontheirwaytothesea?A.Thecars. B.Thechildren. C.Theanimals. D.Thelights.40.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishing”inParagraph6mean?A.Changing. B.Decreasing. C.Accumulating. D.Abandoning.41.Howdotheresearcherscomparethechicks’weight?A.Gettinginformationfromthelibrary. B.Researchingthecolorsofthechicks.C.Studyingthedatacollectedbythechildren. D.Weighingthechicksadoptedatthelocalaquarium.『答案』38.A39.D40.B41.C『解析』這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了大西洋海雀這種動物，介紹了其生活習性、面臨的困境，以及人們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo這種鳥類所采取的一些措施。『38題詳解』推理判斷題。根據第一段中Afterachickwasborn,itspendssixweeksinthenest,feastingonfishsuppliedbyitsparents.Thentheyoungbirdmustlookafteritself.可知小海雀出生后，會在巢里呆上6周，以父母提供的魚為食。然后小鳥必須自己照顧自己。由此可推知，幼崽出生后，海雀媽媽會抓魚喂小海雀。故選A?！?9題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中Instincttellschickstofollowthelightofthemoontothesea,buttheyareconfusedbyHeimaey’sbrightlights.可知小企鵝的本能告訴它們要跟著月光到海里去，但它們被Heimaey的亮光弄糊涂了。由此可知，在去海邊的路上，燈光會干擾小海雀的方向感。故選D。『40題詳解』詞義猜測題。根據上文Atlanticpuffinsarenowlistedasararespecies.Thatmeanstheyarelikelytobecomeendangered.Themainreasonisthattheocean’ssupplyofsmallfishis可知大西洋海雀現在被列為稀有物種。這意味著它們可能會成為瀕危物種。主要原因是海洋中小魚的供應正在減少。由此可知，劃線單詞diminishing意思為“減少”。A.Changing.改變；B.Decreasing.減少；C.Accumulating.積累；D.Abandoning.放棄。故選B?！?1題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中Thankstodatagatheredwiththechildren’shelp,researchershavelearnedthatchicksnowweighlessthaninpreviousyears.可知多虧了在孩子們的幫助下收集的數據，研究人員發(fā)現現在的雛鳥比前幾年體重要輕。由此可知，研究人員通過研究孩子們收集的數據來比較雛鳥的體重的。故選C。DTherecentworldchesschampionshipsawMagnusCarlsendefendhistitleagainstFabianoCaruana.Butitwasnotacontestbetweenthetwostrongestchessplayersontheplanet,onlythestrongesthumans.SoonafterGarryKasparov,theformerworldchesschampion,losthisre-matchagainstIBM’sDeepBluein1997,theshortwindowofhuman-machinechesscompetitionwasshutforever.Unlikehumans,machineskeepgettingfaster,andtodayasmartphonechessappcanbestrongerthanDeepBlue.Inthelate19thcentury,AlfredBinethopedthatunderstandingwhycertainpeoplestoodoutatchesswouldunlocksecretsofhumanthought.Sixtyyearslater,AlanTuringwonderedwhetherthissortofabilityrepresentsanessentialdifferencebetweenthepotentialitiesofthemachineandthemind.Muchasairplanesdon’tflaptheirwingslikebirds,machinesdon’tgeneratechessmoveslikehumansdo.Earlyprogramsthatattempteditwereweak.Butnowthingsaredifferent.Basedonacommongame-playingalgorithm(算法),AlphaZeroincorporatesdeeplearningandotherAItechniquestoplayagainstitselftogenerateitsownchessknowledge.AlphaZerostartsoutknowingonlytherulesofchess,withnoinsertedhumanstrategies(策略).Injustafewhours,itplaysmoregamesagainstitselfthanhavebeenrecordedinhumanchesshistory.Itteachesitselfthebestwaytoplay,reevaluatingsuchfundamentalconceptsastherelativevaluesofthepieces.Itquicklybecomesstrongenoughtodefeatthebestchess-playersintheworld,winning28,drawing72,andlosingnoneinavictoryoverStockfish,oneofthestrongestchessengines.Theconventionalwisdomisthatmachineswouldapproachperfectionwithendlessstrategies,usuallyleadingtodrawngames.ButAlphaZeropreferspositionsthatlookriskyandaggressive,anditprogramsitself,whichallowsittooutclasstheworld’stoptraditionalprogramdespitecalculatingfarfewerpositionspersecond.It’stheexampleofthecliché,“worksmarter,notharder.”AlphaZeroshowsusthatmachinescanbetheexperts,notmerelyexperttools.It’snotgoingtoputchesscoachesoutofbusinessjustyet.Buttheknowledgeitgeneratesisinformationwecanalllearnfrom.AlphaZeroissurpassingusinaprofoundandusefulway.Machinelearningsystemsaren’tperfect,evenataclosedsystemlikechess.TherewillbecaseswhereanAIwillfailtodetectexceptionstotheirrules.Therefore,wemustworktogether,tocombineourstrengths.Insteadofbeingangryagainstthem,it’sbetterifwe’reallonthesameside.42.Accordingtothepassage,AlanTuringmightagreethat.A.airplanescanbeasgoodasbirds.B.theunlockedsecretsofhumanthoughtarepowerful.C.machinesarebetterthanhumaningeneratingchessmoves.D.thepotentialitiesofthehumanmindarebetterthanthatofthemachine.43.HowisAlphaZerodifferentfromothermachines?AAlphaZerohaveAItechniques.B.AlphaZerocandefeatthebestchessplayers.C.AlphaZerocanplaymoregamesmorequickly.D.AlphaZerocangenerateitsownchessknowledge.44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outclass”inParagraph4mean?A.Become B.Beat C.Leave D.Distinguish45.Theauthorarguesinthelasttwoparagraphsthat.A.machinelearninginchessisperfect.B.humanchesscoachesarenotneededyet.C.AIwillbelearningtochallengetheirrules.D.humansandAIcanworktogethertoadvance.『答案』42.D43.D44.B45.D『解析』這是一篇說明文。文章以AlphaZero為例介紹了人工智能的發(fā)展以及我們應該對人工智能所采取的正確態(tài)度?！?2題詳解』推理判斷題。根據文章第二段Sixtyyearslater,AlanTuringwonderedwhetherthissortofabilityrepresentsanessentialdifferencebetweenthepotentialitiesofthemachineandthemind.Muchasairplanesdon’tflaptheirwingslikebirds,machinesdon’tgeneratechessmoveslikehumansdo.Earlyprogramsthatattempteditwereweak（60年后，AlanTuring想知道，這種能力是否代表了機器和大腦之間的潛能的本質區(qū)別。就像飛機不會像鳥類那樣扇動翅膀一樣，機器也不會像人類那樣做出象棋走法。早期嘗試過這種做法的項目很薄弱）可知，機器無法像人類一樣走出象棋的走法的，人類大腦的潛力優(yōu)越于機器。故選D項?！?3題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段Butnowthingsaredifferent.Basedonacommongame-playingalgorithm,AlphaZeroincorporatesdeeplearningandotherAItechniquestoplayagainstitselftogenerateitsownchessknowledge.AlphaZerostartsoutknowingonlytherulesofchess,withnoinsertedhumanstrategies（但現在情況不同了?；谝粋€共同的游戲算法,AlphaZero包含深度學習和其他人工智能技術來生成自己的象棋比賽本身的知識。AlphaZero開始只知道國際象棋的規(guī)則,沒有插入人類策略）可知，AlphaZero可生成自己對象棋比賽本身的知識。故選D項?！?4題詳解』詞義猜測題。前句提到“AlphaZero喜歡有風險和侵略性的位置，而且還能自己編程”。因此可以推出，集合以上這些優(yōu)勢AlphaZero可以輕松“打敗”世界上最頂尖的傳統(tǒng)程序。“outclass”意思是打敗，故選B項?！?5題詳解』細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段Machinelearningsystemsaren’tperfect,evenataclosedsystemlikechess.TherewillbecaseswhereanAIwillfailtodetectexceptionstotheirrules.Therefore,wemustworktogether,tocombineourstrengths.Insteadofbeingangryagainstthem,it’sbetterifwe’reallonthesameside（機器學習系統(tǒng)并不完美，即使是在像國際象棋這樣的封閉系統(tǒng)中。在某些情況下，AI將無法檢測到規(guī)則中的異常。因此，我們必須共同努力，結合我們的力量。與其對它們生氣，不如我們都站在同一邊）可知，作者在最后兩段論述了人類和人工智能可以共同進步。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Supposeyouwerepromised$1,440eachdaythatcomesto$525,600ayear.Thatcouldneverbereducedorchangedinyourwholelife.Soundsgreat,doesn’tit?Actually,wealldoget1,440aday—butinminutes,notdollars.___46___It’spossibletogetmoremoney,butyoucan’tmakemoretime.Manyofthemanagementpracticesthathelppeoplemakegooduseoftheirmoneycan