校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測

西華師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院——校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測實驗報告監(jiān)測小組成員：班級：2011級7班指導(dǎo)老師：監(jiān)測時間：—2013.12.18在我們的生活中，處處充滿了聲音。有喜悅的，有悲傷的，亦有沖動的聲音。那么，有了那么多形形色色的聲音，也會有許許多多的問題。比方說，噪聲。噪聲像毒霧一樣，彌漫在人們周圍。就拿大學(xué)校園來說，大學(xué)校園是莘莘學(xué)子追求知識，放飛夢想的殿堂，是充實自我，鍛煉能力的地方。在無數(shù)人的印象中，恬靜的適宜學(xué)習(xí)的氣氛一直是大學(xué)校園的代名詞。但是，如今在大學(xué)校園里，存在著形形色色的噪聲污染。噪聲是一種環(huán)境污染，它被認為是僅次于大氣污染和水污染的第三大公害。噪聲污染是指所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境噪聲超過國家規(guī)定的環(huán)境噪聲排放標準。并干擾他人正常工作、學(xué)習(xí)、生活的現(xiàn)象。日常生活中的噪聲強度雖然不會致人或動物于死地，卻能危害人的健康。世界各國都很重視噪聲問題，把噪聲污染列為主要的環(huán)境污染公害之一。因此本實驗以校園為監(jiān)測對象進行校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測實驗。實驗?zāi)康耐ㄟ^對校園環(huán)境噪聲進行測定，熟悉噪聲監(jiān)測的過程和方法，學(xué)會噪聲監(jiān)測點位的布設(shè)和優(yōu)化；掌握聲級計的使用方法；掌握環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測技術(shù)分析噪聲監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，對校園環(huán)境噪聲做出評價，初步了解噪聲評估方法；通過這次實驗將所學(xué)知識運用于實踐，初步接觸環(huán)境者的工作方法，為以后走向工作崗位打根底。布點根據(jù)《聲環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準》〔GB3096-2008〕附錄B《聲環(huán)境功能區(qū)監(jiān)測方法》中的功能區(qū)布點法布點，并在此根底上根據(jù)實地環(huán)境進行調(diào)整選取比擬具有代表性的點。校區(qū)共分為八個點布點如下列圖：實驗條件1、天氣條件要求在無雨無雪的時間。2、風(fēng)力在三級以上應(yīng)加風(fēng)罩，五級以上應(yīng)停止測量。3、使用聲級計以前應(yīng)仔細閱讀說明書。實驗器材聲級計監(jiān)測方法1、本次實習(xí)采用儀器為AR824型數(shù)顯程式噪音計。2、由于上課時間限制，上午測量從10：30開始，下午測量從16：30開始，晚上測量從21：00開始。90分鐘為一個時間段。全天每個點共測量3組數(shù)據(jù)，由于周末與平時的細微差異，每個組測十個數(shù)據(jù)，連續(xù)監(jiān)測十天。3、測量時的天氣為微風(fēng)，晴，符合測量的氣象條件。4、測量時儀器特性為“快”響應(yīng)，頻率加權(quán)特性選擇A特性，儀器手持并離地面不小于1.2m，離任何反射面距離不小于1m，與操作者距離不小于0.5m。采樣時間間隔不大于1s，每100分鐘為一個時間段，十秒記錄一個瞬時聲級值，每個點每天采樣10個數(shù)據(jù)，連續(xù)采樣十天，并記錄該時間段內(nèi)的Leq、Lmax。5、數(shù)據(jù)處理方面，全組討論分析需處理的工程各負責(zé)人處理各自數(shù)據(jù)并編寫報告。各測點數(shù)據(jù)分析〔一〕1號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：一期公寓背后商業(yè)接與公寓之間的道路布點原因：商業(yè)街人流量大的時間段聲音吵雜，圍墻外的九區(qū)、皇朝等KTV和影院也會對學(xué)生公寓的環(huán)境造成一定的噪聲影響。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<10從上面三個圖可以看出leq上午和下午的值都在58分貝到59分貝左右波動，主要是學(xué)生流動和店家音樂等聲音所造成的。而晚上leq的值到達了接近64分貝左右，主要是加上了對面ktv和影院所發(fā)出的噪聲等。其上午和下午L90與L10之間的差值小于晚上L90與L10之間的差值，原因也可能是由于晚上的人流量更大聲音更嘈雜，ktv等晚上的顧客也更多。由GB3096-2008可得結(jié)果為白天符合2類區(qū)域晚上符合4b類區(qū)域?！捕?號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：朝陽樓、圖書館、美術(shù)音樂樓三條路的岔口上布點原因：主要是學(xué)生大量流動說話等發(fā)出的噪聲和上課時發(fā)出的聲音〔特別是音樂學(xué)院練聲時發(fā)出的聲音〕。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<10由以上三組數(shù)據(jù)可得leq變化不大，在60分貝到64分貝左右。主要是學(xué)生上下課時說話發(fā)出的聲音和上課教學(xué)的聲音?？偟淖兓淮?，聲源穩(wěn)定。由GB3096-2008可得結(jié)果為2類區(qū)域，聲音削減后為1類區(qū)域?！踩?號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：一期食堂布點原因：食堂做飯打菜時發(fā)出的聲響，大量人流流動及說話的聲音，食堂多個電視發(fā)出的聲音。數(shù)據(jù)分析：LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1010：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示16：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<10從以上兩個圖看出，食堂噪聲水平Leq在70以上。該點測量時間段，選定在下課吃飯時間，可想而知，噪聲水平在該時間段較為均衡，波動不大。在GB3096-2008屬于4類區(qū)域，有噪聲污染。但聲音削減到住宿休息區(qū)時為1類或2類區(qū)域?！菜摹?號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：燈光球場與專家樓之間的天橋布點原因：為高速路出口處，兩旁是教學(xué)區(qū)和職工居住區(qū)。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<10從上述三個表可以看出上午和晚上的leq值在65分貝左右，主要噪聲來源是高速路口車輛流動，鳴喇叭等聲音。下午的時候leq值接近70分貝，其比上午和晚上高的原因是下午的車流量比早上和晚上大。全天的L90與L10的差值都在5，6分貝左右，主要原因可能為間斷性的車輛流動，鳴笛，剎車減速等。由GB3096-2008可得結(jié)果為符合3類區(qū)域。其聲音削減到教學(xué)區(qū)和住宿區(qū)時可達1類標準?！参濉?號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：二期大門門口布點原因：外有一個三岔路口，且有大量學(xué)生出入。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<10從上述三個圖可以看出該點全天的Leq比擬均衡，在60-65間波動，因為該點靠近校外，并且接近馬路，眾多攤販及車輛來往，使得該點噪聲水平在一天都比擬高。由GB3096-2008可得結(jié)果為符合3類區(qū)域。其聲音削減到教學(xué)區(qū)和住宿區(qū)時可達1類標準。〔六〕6號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：與學(xué)校對面建筑施工場地所對應(yīng)的通往奔牛廣場的道路布點原因：校外的施工隊及交通干線的干擾。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<10從以上三個圖看出，全天Leq在60—62間波動，該點與校外有一墻之隔，且點與圍墻之間有眾多喬木、灌木能對墻外的噪聲起到吸收、緩沖的作用。使該點噪聲水平與二期校門口相比，略有減弱。聲音削減后可達1類標準區(qū)域?！财摺?號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：C、D棟教學(xué)樓與13公寓所夾的道路路口布點原因：上下課及進出公寓學(xué)生所發(fā)出的聲音。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<10從以上三個圖看出，該點的波動相對較大50-60-70。當(dāng)處于周一至周五時，同學(xué)們要上自習(xí)及上課，以及路旁車輛來往，造成該點噪聲水平較高；當(dāng)處于周末，上自習(xí)、及上課的同學(xué)相對少，過往車輛也減少，噪聲水平相對減弱。噪聲水平在三個時間段，有明顯差異，與人的活動和作息規(guī)律有關(guān)。由GB3096-2008可得結(jié)果為符合1類標準?！舶恕?號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：二期食堂布點原因：食堂做飯打菜時發(fā)出的聲響，大量人流流動及說話的聲音，食堂多個電視發(fā)出的聲音。10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下列圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差<10從以上兩個圖看出，食堂噪聲水平Leq在70以上。該點測量時間段，選定在下課吃飯時間，可想而知，噪聲水平在該時間段較為均衡，波動不大。在GB3096-2008屬于4類區(qū)域，有噪聲污染。但聲音削減到住宿休息區(qū)時為1類或2類區(qū)域。整體評價暨校園噪聲分析：附表綜合十天來全校區(qū)8個測點22個時段2800個數(shù)據(jù)的監(jiān)測情況，根據(jù)《聲環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準》〔GB3096-2008〕I類聲功能區(qū)晝間限值55dB(A),整個校園聲環(huán)境大體很好，符合文教區(qū)要求，只是布點①晚上有噪聲污染，主要原因為校外影院和ktv和大量人員流動等。兩個食堂的音量在GB3096-2008屬于4類區(qū)域，有噪聲污染。校門口和交通干線所對的校內(nèi)道路屬于3類區(qū)域，但是由于其離教學(xué)區(qū)和宿舍休息區(qū)有一定的距離，到了宿舍區(qū)和教學(xué)區(qū)時聲音可削減到1類標準區(qū)域。食堂旁有一施工點，但是沒有每日連續(xù)施工，故沒有考慮進總的噪聲評價中。總的來說聲音經(jīng)削減后到達教學(xué)區(qū)和宿舍休息區(qū)時大體為1類標準區(qū)域，符合文教區(qū)要求。產(chǎn)生噪聲的因素主要有：校園內(nèi)來往機動車發(fā)動機聲音、車輛鳴笛聲、校園內(nèi)施工工地噪聲、人群交談聲。要創(chuàng)造更安靜的校園環(huán)境我們應(yīng)該從以下方面改善：校園內(nèi)禁止鳴笛；同學(xué)們進出教學(xué)樓時不要大聲喧嘩；綠化面積;可適當(dāng)參加隔音措施〔例如校園周邊種植喬木，灌木等〕。七、監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)總表周一10：30-12:0063.365.860.459.061.869.768.373.461.762.260.562.260.164.166.971.559.763.157.758.158.856.856.870.655.971.265.157.362.066.766.771.751.754.761.653.965.968.168.173.653.173.264.960.963.367.267.272.457.166.462.462.670.067.567.573.864.362.355.163.465.368.168.172.154.468.660.655.473.869.069.075.556.657.857.158.361.371.371.374.816:30-18:0062.766.054.454.758.666.965.072.961.271.055.151.959.967.562.975.057.572.157.753.964.168.264.473.954.976.359.252.456.270.066.373.658.174.261.155.358.769.559.275.652.671.157.851.157.966.860.574.855.267.861.547.261.269.763.276.459.263.061.253.261.071.064.573.850.868.155.250.856.564.262.177.559.558.664.159.558.868.560.972.721:00-22:1561.765.863.460.157.656.365.566.061.261.451.353.363.062.563.362.561.850.764.869.468.258.857.349.264.370.765.261.162.252.762.968.167.264.957.851.464.058.370.761.156.049.466.260.168.361.757.457.961.059.657.458.453.747.167.857.356.759.961.451.314562378周二同上62.362.169.966.060.058.768.273.362.861.065.261.861.261.367.072.558.959.157.062.358.359.071.271.757.261.268.170.063.267.668.672.352.363.966.258.562.754.570.373.754.564.167.572.359.561.267.571.856.869.869.465.462.462.964.972.661.264.266.361.256.760.065.572.959.972.369.567.361.857.467.875.462.064.072.057.657.959.365.274.363.357.967.068.051.258.965.172.862.161.068.370.154.854.267.275.061.063.268.972.559.952.364.473.958.957.371.071.358.252.467.373.255.558.966.376.260.755.658.375.857.256.469.575.158.852.160.774.650.162.067.268.662.550.762.574.756.161.770.065.362.150.264.676.559.758.571.167.456.353.360.772.358.057.462.259.664.749.965.577.761.866.162.759.063.555.466.166.061.12.061.153.663.261.762.959.663.249.864.268.467.861.368.148.765.169.266.163.465.351.660.957.166.960.367.252.762.159.370.362.570.648.665.458.671.458.368.256.865.956.458.659.657.350.467.968.659.757.156.348.3周三同上62.364.91.758.961.069.669.072.462.661.863.962.160.463.467.673.558.964.261.457.458.757.873.669.856.770.055.353.861.366.467.874.652.356.759.659.664.367.570.175.352.973.458.161.463.267.367.376.056.165.464.262.561.468.566.475.464.263.256.654.369.866.368.974.853.467.859.157.974.068.771.376.356.859.058.356.460.570.065.177.162.469.454.654.358.767.464.875.161.371.055.053.056.469.361.875.457.672.157.653.963.069.463.574.954.974.358.152.457.870.565.276.759.172.560.054.556.068.758.476.363.667.858.850.663.266.962.473.856.269.460.549.362.372.461.776.560.073.563.252.758.569.059.972.858.974.259.749.858.665.465.675.758.775.064.159.659.369.164.174.658.167.462.159.456.354.260.366.361.060.151.453.661.261.663.259.659.649.857.962.767.164.356.748.758.470.668.961.257.646.956.868.170.058.954.049.163.259.471.057.656.450.664.557.269.464.560.051.560.459.363.563.257.454.059.169.462.365.160.456.1周四同上62.366.059.158.160.968.069.173.260.967.161.461.358.167.367.472.151.670.965.757.362.459.966.571.453.453.667.654.066.366.470.169.952.172.258.362.367.169.168.673.754.668.761.563.468.067.269.473.652.556.362.359.066.571.473.072.153.657.663.458.464.068.568.775.854.565.163.660.563.869.366.374.656.064.360.061.662.359.659.072.560.463.554.154.657.767.465.174.661.371.355.650.863.369.559.677.057.672.457.153.861.467.558.376.355.975.358.653.162.073.066.375.454.374.659.355.765.164.667.176.556.271.460.056.359.667.667.469.956.669.861.353.758.764.563.576.557.363.455.659.056.472.562.373.254.066.754.356.760.563.759.674.959.367.660.254.459.960.458.572.860.867.153.157.153.656.164.066.556.757.956.453.261.268.357.164.055.549.165.071.457.463.254.347.363.159.062.562.157.146.960.458.461.059.356.047.059.657.664.059.859.346.564.664.563.460.360.144.564.763.466.064.258.446.863.960.065.359.757.547.4周五同上51.258.071.058.558.669.268.574.063.173.356.361.758.363.966.472.351.461.669.257.657.656.572.671.759.662.563.656.859.366.267.472.655.865.466.253.460.067.670.973.451.563.167.6604.060.367.665.474.652.059.966.762.264.767.064.875.757.365.267.062.963.268.566.076.264.061.267.355.059.469.868.476.954.260.468.357.863.169.067.679.052.166.354.354.356.366.367.373.462.271.255.651.557.365.066.774.260.772.357.353.557.667.762.375.057.075.959.251.858.767.064.975.354.474.663.354.958.966.466.576.157.667.861.650.759.067.859.469.954.768.162.546.859.769.463.068.759.064.364.052.760.367.964.574.357.463.658.950.363.463.462.176.958.262.957.459.062.159.960.078.361.265.459.359.654.057.465.063.460.060.954.754.662.562.366.362.058.354.764.368.961.459.356.749.863.870.362.060.660.452.662.458.664.564.461.351.463.560.569.760.765.150.065.757.670.261.256.057.660.558.368.657.953.754.467.457.263.459.553.247.6周六同上62.763.457.358.659.970.045.174.761.162.356.761.765.469.268.775.659.170.158.657.763.266.567.070.455.354.359.356.864.167.972.373.651.169.460.753.465.768.766.471.553.466.464.560.564.164.370.971.952.568.163.662.159.065.469.476.556.556.767.162.870.065.464.377.463.857.665.454.962.970.467.670.653.856.154.057.865.367.563.269.854.244.366.753.559.467.749.468.758.248.668.461.855.861.243.069.157.145.166.658.461.359.444.267.260.244.866.558.154.459.841.368.462.050.964.361.661.456.846.467.461.846.766.263.859.459.541.767.354.059.565.567.657.760.942.269.555.849.267.061.560.961.742.671.054.642.365.964.259.859.244.270.957.045.765.865.964.959.544.169.762.845.661.261.958.852.661.946.257.262.762.251.764.340.758.557.260.249.461.444.356.160.358.947.765.542.553.761.458.148.567.843.255.464.161.646.560.943.757.751.662.442.362.247.156.954.561.846.960.646.157.657.465.444.759.648.460.156.062.848.7數(shù)據(jù)/dB14562378周日同上62.763.457.657.861.268.968.573.661.064.258.161.462.467.566.572.159.063.556.362.959.667.672.571.955.259.159.462.153.068.766.374.751.066.360.560.454.372.171.176.552.467.661.453.468.770.466.377.056.457.862.056.865.369.365.070.663.657.654.757.659.968.968.271.253.756.453.961.767.066.964.473.455.959.156.058.473.165.964.575.162.066.354.559.057.669.764.571.460.571.255.250.356.074.362.576.556.872.355.852.755.973.264.073.254.276.557.046.770.067.966.072.157.473.961.450.671.368.458.572.851.972.862.154.871.469.362.574.354.568.355.451.960.069.064.072.958.865.256.153.458.767.861.673.657.263.454.351.454.366.560.474.558.064.555.654.252.066.765.876.461.065.759.759.456.654.764.859.661.467.956.052.462.358.963.662.157.350.064.167.065.160.658.051.763.664.564.764.461.252.162.263.467.060.657.950.363.363.770.059.358.649.465.560.660.562.057.451.865.561.061.160.956.248.867.162.459.850.963.157.2周一同上63.257.959.658.256.765.468.169.761.662.555.455.359.070.366.772.459.667.654.363.361.468.573.373.259.853.660.262.562.069.467.973.951.659.457.660.863.170.472.074.053.060.558.553.865.471.067.274.957.062.059.457.257.670.365.375.364.263.161.358.056.465.868.971.654.362.857.662.164.368.465.172.556.570.060.358.963.169.765.371.762.671.054.759.158.263.565.069.862.171.457.650.157.364.763.171.657.469.857.359.456.463.264.772.354.867.456.047.159.064.066.673.758.065.656.551.057.676.759.572.952.567.853.055.256.473.060.573.455.163.060.253.354.365.864.070.659.062.961.353.859.067.462.670.957.860.860.551.860.666.760.973.858.661.459.254.664.065.463.774.061.659.759.758.956.356.765.459.964.358.357.053.762.960.663.661.658.851.164.761.468.161.561.450.164.262.667.664.863.253.162.863.066.461.058.951.763.961.866.359.764.050.166.166.059.962.462.158.160.968.964.561.362.351.867.770.067.060.061.448.1周二同上62.957.659.158.159.468.968.471.061.363.558.655.256.769.567.072.359.361.660.763.260.469.872.071.755.559.061.462.465.765.372.374.851.367.054.060.767.870.467.676.053.766.357.153.759.765.965.471.456.765.256.257.164.356.866.470.863.966.757.457.970.157.667.773.654.065.453.062.058.557.868.474.356.258.654.258.265.056.769.472.662.373.055.159.357.475.564.971.760.873.256.350.656.074.361.470.057.176.054.553.056.773.264.669.454.571.459.747.057.865.467.073.657.769.361.450.857.969.359.974.352.266.559.155.260.368.960.775.354.865.454.052.261.467.863.476.7