2022-2023學(xué)年湖南省岳陽市高二下學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省岳陽市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語試題第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A,B,C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheWorld’sMostBeautifulPlacesBwindiImpenetrableForest,UgandaDense,lushandotherworldly,BwindiImpenetrableForestisoneofthelasthabitatsofthemountaingorilla.SeveralhundredcallthisUNESCO-protectednationalparkhome,withthechanceforvisitorstotrektoandmeethabituatedgroups.Itsbiodiversityextendsfarbeyonditsmostfamousinhabitants,however,almost350birdspeciesandaround220butterflyspeciescanbefoundwithinits331-square-kilometerexpanse.Samburu,KenyaThankstoitsrelativeinaccessibilityintheheartofKenya,SamburuisashelterforsomeofAfrica’smostattractivewildlife.Thegrasslandandacacia(金合歡樹)-dottedlandscapesofitsnationalreservearehometotheendangeredreticulated(網(wǎng)狀的)giraffeandGrevy’szebra,aswellasthepioneeringElephantWatchCamp.MountToubkal,MoroccoAt4,167meters(13,671feet),MountToubkallaysclaimtothetitleof“theroofofNorthAfrica.”Thepathtoitssummitzigzagsacrossemptyvalleys,pastholylandsandupsteepsnowfieldsbeforeemergingontoaridgethatfallsawaytogiveclimbersmatchlessviewsacrosstheAtlasMountains.ZhangjiajieNationalForestPark,ChinaChina’sfirstUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,ZhangjiajieNationalForestParkinHunanProvinceisknownforitstoweringsandstonepillars.Bestexploredonfoot,itsbacktrailsmakeforaneasywaytoescapethecrowdsandfindthebestviews.Asthemistsdescend,it’seasytoseewhythisareahaslongbeenaninspirationfortraditionalChinesepaintings.1.WhatdoweknowaboutBwindiImpenetrableForest?A.Itisthelasthabitatofthemountaingorilla. B.Almost350birdscanbefoundthere.C.Thereareexactly220butterflyspeciesthere. D.Wecanfindadiversityofspeciesinit.2.WhyisSamburahometosomeofmostappealingwildlifeaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasacacia-dottedlandscapes. B.Thereisavastgrasslandthere.C.Theweatherthereisfitforwildlife. D.Itisdifficultforpeopletogothere.3.WhatdoBwindiImpenetrableForestandZhangjiajieNationalForestParkhaveincommon?A.TheyarebothundertheprotectionofUNESCO.B.Theyarebothknownforitstoweringsandstonepillars.C.Theybothhavediversespecies.D.Theybothhaveemptyvalleys.〖答案〗1.D2.D3.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)世界上最美的地方。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“It’sbiodiversityextendsfarbeyonditsmostfamousinhabitants,however,almost350birdspeciesandaround220butterflyspeciescanbefoundwithinits331-square-kilometerexpanse.(它的生物多樣性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了它最著名的居民，然而，在它331平方公里的范圍內(nèi)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)近350種鳥類和大約220種蝴蝶)”可知，布溫迪密林可以發(fā)現(xiàn)物種的多樣性。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThankstoitsrelativeinaccessibilityintheheartofKenya,SamburuisashelterforsomeofAfrica’smostattractivewildlife.(由于位于肯尼亞中心地帶的交通不便，桑布魯成為了非洲一些最具吸引力的野生動(dòng)物的避難所)”可知，桑布拉是一些最吸引人的野生動(dòng)物的家園因?yàn)槿藗兒茈y去那里。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SeveralhundredcallthisUNESCO-protectednationalparkhome,withthechanceforvisitorstotrektoandmeethabituatedgroups.(數(shù)百人將這個(gè)受聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織保護(hù)的國(guó)家公園稱為家園，游客有機(jī)會(huì)徒步旅行并與習(xí)慣的團(tuán)體會(huì)面)”以及最后一段“China’sfirstUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,ZhangjiajieNationalForestParkinHunanProvinceisknownforitstoweringsandstonepillars.(湖南省張家界國(guó)家森林公園是中國(guó)首個(gè)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)，以其高聳的砂巖柱而聞名)”可知，布溫迪密林和張家界國(guó)家森林公園的共同之處是都受到聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的保護(hù)。故選A。BWhenthepandemichit,ItoldmyeditorsI’dgowherevertheyneededMe-Italy,China,NewYork,anyofthehotspots.Theirresponsewas,essentially,easy,tiger.It’snotgoingtoworklikethatanymore.Nobodywasgoinganywhere.SoIhadtofigureoutwhattodotocontributeresponsiblytoastorythathasaffectedeverybodyintheworld.Isoonrealizeditmeantworkinginmyownbackyard,whichformemeanstheMidwest.Istarteddrivingallover,sleepsomenightsinmytruck.Iwaslookingforwhatthevirusmeanttopeoplein“flyovercountry”,apartofcountythatisoftenignored.IhadtochangethewayIwork.Howdoyouphotographpeoplefromadistance?Howdoyouenterpeople’sintimatespacesresponsibly?Ibeganusingadrone.Iwouldcallouttopeopleandsay,Hey,doyoumindifIusemycoronavirussocial-distanceflyingcameratotakeyourpicture?BeingMidwesterners,theresponsewasusually,dowhatyougottodo.Thedrone,whichIflewrelativelylowtotheground,allowedmetotakepicturesfromadistance.Butitalsoamplifiedthedystopian(反烏托邦),surrealmoodthatwe’reallgrapplingwithnow.AfterItookphotos,I’dleaveanotewithmycontactinformationontheperson’scar,onthefrontsteporinthemailbox.I’dsay,contactmeifyouwanttotellmemoreaboutwhat’sgoingoninyourlife,andI’llsendyouapicture.IwasmovedbytheresponsesIreceived,longemailsfrompeoplewhowantedtohavetheirstorytoldorjustneededsomeonetotalkto.Isawtwopeoplechattinginafrontyard,onesittingonthesteps,theotherinachairsixfeetaway.Itlookedlikeanordinarything,butthenIreceivedemailsfromthem.OneworkedinanICU;they’dbeenclosefriendstheirwholelives,andnowtheywerebothreallystruggling.Everybody’sgotanimportantstorytotell.Tomeetpeopleandphotographthem,IdecidedformyselfthatIwasanessentialworker.IfeltsogratefulthatIhadphotography,becauseIcouldbeoutintheworld,Icouldseethingsformyself.Ihadasenseofpurpose.4.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“easy,tiger”underlinedinparagraph1?A.Talktopeople. B.Gotothezoo.C.Calmdown. D.Giveupyourjob.5.What’stheattitudeofMidwesternerstowardsbeingtakenbyadrone?A.Anxious. B.Embarrassed. C.Sensitive. D.Approving.6.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellus?A.Photosandstorieshelptorevealthetruthoflife.B.Peoplewrotenotestothewriter.C.Thetwopeopleinapictureweretalkinghappily.D.Theneedtocommunicateisakeycharacteristicofhumansociety.7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Peopledesiredtotalkwitheachother.B.Photographyisanaidtounderstandingtheworld.C.Thewritertookphotoswithadrone.D.Adroneplaysavitalroleinaerialphotography.〖答案〗4.C5.D6.A7.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在疫情期間采用不同的方式繼續(xù)攝影工作的經(jīng)歷，作者感慨?dāng)z影有助于了解世界。【4題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“It’snotgoingtoworklikethatanymore.Nobodywasgoinganywhere.(不會(huì)再像以前那樣工作了。沒有人去任何地方)”可知，下文表達(dá)“不會(huì)再去像以前那樣去任何地方了”可知，他們的回答很平靜?？赏评沓鰟澗€詞的含義為“冷靜下來”，故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“BeingMidwesterners,theresponsewasusually,Dowhatyougottodo.Thedrone,whichIflewrelativelylowtotheground,allowedmetotakepicturesfromadistance.(作為中西部人，人們的反應(yīng)通常是，做你該做的事。這架無人機(jī)，我飛得離地面相對(duì)較低，允許我從遠(yuǎn)處拍照)”可推理出，中西部人對(duì)別人使用無人機(jī)拍照持支持的態(tài)度，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段段“IwasmovedbytheresponsesIreceived,longemailsfrompeoplewhowantedtohavetheirstorytoldorjustneededsomeonetotalkto.(我被我收到的回復(fù)所打動(dòng)，這些回復(fù)是來自那些想講述自己故事或只需要找人傾訴的人的長(zhǎng)電子郵件)”可知，本段主要講的是照片和故事有助于揭示生活的真相，故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“SoIhadtofigureoutwhattodotocontributeresponsiblytoastorythathasaffectedeverybodyintheworld.(因此，我必須想辦法負(fù)責(zé)任地為一個(gè)影響到世界上每個(gè)人的故事配圖)”、第三段“BeingMidwesterners,theresponsewasusually,Dowhatyougottodo.(作為中西部人，人們的反應(yīng)通常是，做你該做的事)”、倒數(shù)第二段“IwasmovedbytheresponsesIreceived,longemailsfrompeoplewhowantedtohavetheirstorytoldorjustneededsomeonetotalkto.(我被我收到的回復(fù)所打動(dòng)，這些回復(fù)是來自那些想講述自己故事或只需要找人傾訴的人的長(zhǎng)電子郵件)”以及最后一段“Everybody’sgotanimportantstorytotell.Tomeetpeopleandphotographthem,IdecidedformyselfthatIwasanessentialworker.IfeltsogratefulthatIhadphotography,becauseIcouldbeoutintheworld,Icouldseethingsformyself.Ihadasenseofpurpose.(每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)重要的故事要講。為了與人們見面并為他們拍照，我自己決定自己是一名重要的工作者。我很感激我有了攝影，因?yàn)槲铱梢栽谶@個(gè)世界上，我可以自己看東西。我有一種目標(biāo)感)”可知，本文主要講的是攝影有助于了解世界，故選B項(xiàng)。CIgrewupintheGreatLakesState,andformanyyearsnow,duringmyannualsummer,visitbacktoMichigan,I’malwayshappyaboutwhatIdon’tsee.Idon’tseecrowdsofCaliforniansrushinglovelylakesidetownslikePetoskeyorGlenArbor.Idon’tseehundredsofNewYorkersplayingaboutLakeMichiganorcomingdownthesteepwhitesandsofSleepingBearDunes.Nooffensetothemassesonbothcoasts,butI’vealwaysbeengladtheoriginalcharmsofnorthwestMichiganfeltlikemysecret-oratleastasecretheldbyasmallergroupofpeople,largelyfromtheMidwest.Lately,however,I’vebeenthinkingaboutthedownsideofbeingoutofsightandoutofmind.MostpeopleseldomthinkaboutLakesMichigan,Huron,Superior,Erie,andOntario.Manycan’tevennameallfive.Buttheyshouldcareaboutthembecause,asTimFolgerwritesinthismonth’scoverstory,theGreatLakesare“arguablythecontinent’smostpreciousresource,unmeasurablymorevaluablethanoil,gas,orcoal.”Togetherthelakesholdmorethan20percentofthesurfacefreshwateronEarthand84percentofthesurfacefreshwaterinNorthAmerica.Almost40millionAmericansandCanadians“drinkfromthelakes,fishonthem,transportgoodsoverthem,farmtheirshores,andworkincitiesthatwouldn’texist”withoutthem,Folgerwrites.Andyetweabusethemterribly:pollutingthem,introducinginvasivespecies,allowingfertilizerrunoff(徑流)tocreatealgal(藻類)bloomslargeenoughthattheycanbeseenfromspace.Climatechangemeansthelakesdon’tfreezeasmuchastheyusedto,andseverestormshavebecomemorefrequent.SoreadFolger’sstory.AppreciatethebeautyofthelandscapeintheamazingphotosbyKeithLadzinski.BecomeanadvocatetoprotectourGreatLakes.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?A.TheGreatLakesStateiscrowded.B.Fewervisitorsarefavourablethereinsummer.C.ThewriterhopestoplayaboutLakeMichigan.D.Thewriterlikesthewarmatmosphere.9.WhatdoesTimFolgerthinkoftheGreatLakes?A.Theyareasimportantasoil.B.Theyareinfinitelysuperiortooil,gasorcoal.C.AllAmericansandCanadiansdependonthemtolive.D.Theyarethemostimportantresourceintheworld.10.WhichofthefollowingisthecurrentsituationoftheGreatLakes?A.Thelakeshold20percentofthesurfacefreshwateronEarth.B.Theydon’tfreezeatallbecauseofclimatechanges.C.Algalbloomsareinvisiblefromspace.D.Peopledon’ttreatthemwell.11.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.TorecommendFolger’sbook.B.ToattractmorevisitorstotheGreatLakes.C.TocallonpeopletosavetheGreatLakes.D.Totellpeoplehowtosavethecontinent.〖答案〗8.B9.B10.D11.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者從小在五大湖區(qū)長(zhǎng)大，但是對(duì)人們?yōu)E用五大湖區(qū)感到煩惱，作者倡導(dǎo)每個(gè)人都成為保護(hù)五大湖的倡導(dǎo)者?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“Idon’tseecrowdsofCaliforniansrushinglovelylakesidetownslikePetoskeyorGlenArbor.Idon’tseehundredsofNewYorkersplayingaboutLakeMichiganorcomingdownthesteepwhitesandsofSleepingBearDunes.(我沒有看到成群的加利福尼亞人涌向像佩托斯基或格倫阿伯這樣美麗的湖邊小鎮(zhèn)。我沒有看到數(shù)百名紐約人在密歇根湖玩耍，也沒有看到他們從睡熊沙丘陡峭的白色沙灘上下來)”可推理出，沒有多少游客喜歡在夏天到那里去，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的句子“Buttheyshouldcareaboutthembecause,asTimFolgerwritesinthismonth’scoverstory,theGreatLakesare“arguablythecontinent’smostpreciousresource,unmeasurablymorevaluablethanoil,gas,orcoal.”(但他們應(yīng)該關(guān)心大湖，因?yàn)檎绲倌贰じ柦茉诒驹碌姆饷婀适轮兴鶎懙哪菢?，大湖“可以說是美洲大陸最寶貴的資源，比石油、天然氣或煤炭更有價(jià)值”)”可知，認(rèn)為五大湖區(qū)比石油、天然氣或煤炭?jī)?yōu)越得多，故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的句子“Andyetweabusethemterribly:pollutingthem,introducinginvasivespecies,allowingfertilizerrunoff(徑流)tocreatealgal(藻類)bloomslargeenoughthattheycanbeseenfromspace.(然而，我們對(duì)它們的濫用非常嚴(yán)重：污染它們，引入入侵物種，允許肥料徑流產(chǎn)生足夠大的藻華，從太空中可以看到它們)”可知，人們沒有好好地對(duì)待五大湖，故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“IgrewupintheGreatLakesState,andformanyyearsnow,duringmyannualsummer,visitbacktoMichigan,I’malwayshappyaboutwhatIdon’tsee.(我在五大湖州長(zhǎng)大，多年來，在每年的夏天，我都會(huì)回到密歇根州，我總是為自己沒有看到的東西感到高興)”、倒數(shù)第二段的句子“Andyetweabusethemterribly:pollutingthem,introducinginvasivespecies,allowingfertilizerrunoff(徑流)tocreatealgal(藻類)bloomslargeenoughthattheycanbeseenfromspace.(然而，我們對(duì)它們的濫用非常嚴(yán)重：污染它們，引入入侵物種，允許肥料徑流產(chǎn)生足夠大的藻華，從太空中可以看到它們)”以及最后一段“SoreadFolger’sstory.AppreciatethebeautyofthelandscapeintheamazingphotosbyKeithLadzinski.BecomeanadvocatetoprotectourGreatLakes(所以讀一下福爾格的故事。欣賞KeithLadzinski拍攝的令人驚嘆的照片中的風(fēng)景之美。成為保護(hù)我們五大湖的倡導(dǎo)者)”可知本文的主要目的是號(hào)召人們拯救五大湖，故選C項(xiàng)。DAskthenewartificialintelligencetoolChatGPTtowriteanessayaboutthecauseofthe

AmericanCivilWar

andyoucanwatchitwriteapersuasivetermpaperinamatterofseconds.That’sonereasonwhyNewYorkCityschoolofficialsthisweekstartedblockingtheimpressivebutcontroversialwritingtoolthatcangenerateparagraphsofhuman-liketext.ThedecisionbythelargestU.S.schooldistricttorestricttheChatGPTwebsiteonschooldevicesandnetworkscouldhavechainreactiononotherschools,andteachersrushingtofigureouthowtopreventcheating.ThecreatorsofChatGPTsaythey’realsolookingforwaystodetectmisuse.ChatGPTlaunchedonNov.30isdevelopedbyOpenAI,whichhasacloserelationshipwithMicrosoft.It’spartofa

newgenerationofAIsystems

thatcanconverse,generatereadabletextondemandandevenproducenovelimagesandvideobasedonwhatthey’velearnedfromavastdatabaseofdigitalbooks,onlinewritingsandothermedia.TheChatGPTtoolisavailableforfreetoanyonewithaninternetconnectionanddesignedtobemoreuser-friendly.ItworkslikeawrittendialoguebetweentheAIsystemandthepersonaskingitquestions.Millionsofpeoplehaveplayedwithitoverthepastmonth,usingittowritesillypoemsorsongs,totrytotrickitintomakingmistakes,orformorepracticalpurposessuchashelpingcomposeanemail.Allofthosethingsarealsohelpingitgetsmarter.“TodetermineifsomethingwaswrittenbyahumanoranAI,youcanlookfortheabsenceofpersonalexperiencesoremotions,checkforinconsistencyinwritingstyle,andwatchfortheuseoffillerwordsorrepetitivephrases.ThesemaybesignsthatthetextwasgeneratedbyanAI.”That’swhatChatGPTtoldanAPreporterwhenaskedhowtotellthedifference.“Wedon’twantChatGPTtobeusedformisleadingpurposesinschoolsoranywhereelse,sowe’realreadydevelopingmeasurestohelpanyoneidentifytextgeneratedbythatsystem,”thecompanysaid.12.WhydoestheNewYorkschoolsaynotoChatGPT?A.Itcanwriteaconvincingtermpaperquickly. B.Manystudentsuseittowritetermpapers.C.Ithaschainreactiononotherschools. D.Itisraisingtoughquestionsabouteducation.13.HowdoesChatGPTgetsmarter?A.Bymakingmistakes. B.Byinteractingwithhumans.C.Bywritinge-mailsonitsown. D.Byusingadvancedtechnologies.14.WhatisChatGPTunabletodo?A.Generatereadabletextondemand. B.Talkwithpeople.C.Writeinconsistentwritingstyle. D.Usefillerwordstowrite.15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthistext?A.ChatGPT:Awritingtoolbeingrestrictedinschool.B.ChatGPT:Amisusedwritingtoolbeingwelcomeeverywhere.C.ChatGPT:Animpressiveanduniversalwritingtool.D.ChatGPT:Agenerativeandperfectlylogicalwritingtool.〖答案〗12.A13.B14.C15.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了ChatGPT被用于學(xué)術(shù)造假，因此被學(xué)校禁止使用。文章還介紹了ChatGPT工作原理以及識(shí)別方法?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AskthenewartificialintelligencetoolChatGPTtowriteanessayaboutthecauseoftheAmericanCivilWarandyoucanwatchitwriteapersuasivetermpaperinamatterofseconds.That’sonereasonwhyNewYorkCityschoolofficialsthisweekstartedblockingtheimpressivebutcontroversialwritingtoolthatcangenerateparagraphsofhuman-liketext.(讓新的人工智能工具ChatGPT寫一篇關(guān)于美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)起因的文章，你可以看到它在幾秒鐘內(nèi)寫出一篇有說服力的學(xué)期論文。這就是為什么紐約市的學(xué)校官員本周開始封鎖這個(gè)令人印象深刻但有爭(zhēng)議的寫作工具的原因之一，這個(gè)工具可以生成類似人類的文章段落)”可知，紐約商學(xué)院拒絕ChatGPT是因?yàn)樗芎芸鞂懗鲆黄钊诵欧膶W(xué)期論文。故選A。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Millionsofpeoplehaveplayedwithitoverthepastmonth,usingittowritesillypoemsorsongs,totrytotrickitintomakingmistakes,orformorepracticalpurposessuchashelpingcomposeanemail.Allofthosethingsarealsohelpingitgetsmarter.(在過去的一個(gè)月里，數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人用它來寫愚蠢的詩或歌曲，試圖欺騙它出錯(cuò)，或者用于更實(shí)際的目的，如幫助撰寫電子郵件。所有這些都讓它變得更智能)”可知，ChatGPT通過與人類互動(dòng)變得更智能。故選B?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TodetermineifsomethingwaswrittenbyahumanoranAI,youcanlookfortheabsenceofpersonalexperiencesoremotions,checkforinconsistencyinwritingstyle,andwatchfortheuseoffillerwordsorrepetitivephrases.ThesemaybesignsthatthetextwasgeneratedbyanAI.(為了確定某件事是由人類還是人工智能寫的，你可以尋找個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或情感的缺失，檢查寫作風(fēng)格的不一致，并注意填充詞或重復(fù)短語的使用。這些可能表明文本是由人工智能生成的)”可知，ChatGPT不能用一致的寫作風(fēng)格寫作。故選C。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“AskthenewartificialintelligencetoolChatGPTtowriteanessayaboutthecauseoftheAmericanCivilWarandyoucanwatchitwriteapersuasivetermpaperinamatterofseconds.That’sonereasonwhyNewYorkCityschoolofficialsthisweekstartedblockingtheimpressivebutcontroversialwritingtoolthatcangenerateparagraphsofhuman-liketext.(讓新的人工智能工具ChatGPT寫一篇關(guān)于美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)起因的文章，你可以看到它在幾秒鐘內(nèi)寫出一篇有說服力的學(xué)期論文。這就是為什么紐約市的學(xué)校官員本周開始封鎖這個(gè)令人印象深刻但有爭(zhēng)議的寫作工具的原因之一，這個(gè)工具可以生成類似人類的文章段落)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了ChatGPT被用于學(xué)術(shù)造假，因此被學(xué)校禁止使用。文章還介紹了ChatGPT工作原理以及識(shí)別方法。故A選項(xiàng)“ChatGPT：一種在學(xué)校受到限制的書寫工具”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。NEEDAGOODADVENTUREAdventuresexpandourworldbyallowingustoengagewithourselvesandothersinanewway.Readyforyouradventure?Here’ssomeadvice.Startsmall.Pickamanageableactivityyoucandosoon—thisweekend—closetohome.____16____Takinggradualstepsteachesyourbrainthatexperienceisnotasbadasyouexpectedandyoucanhandleit.____17____ResearchfromHarvardUniversityshowsthatpeoplewhointerpretedtheirnervousnessaboutactivitiessuchaskaraokesingingandpublicspeakingasexcitementenjoyedtheexperiencesmoreandperformedbetterthanthosewhotriedtopressdowntheiranxiety.Thischangedtheirthreatmindsetintoanopportunitymindset.Useyourimagination.____18____Sayyouwanttogoonahikebutareworriedyou’llbecomelost,hurtortooexhaustedtogethome.Trytopicturethis.Next,visualizethebest-casescene:thebeautifulview,thefunyou’llhave,yoursenseofaccomplishmentafterward.Thisexercisehelpsputfearinperspective.Writeyourselfaletter.Thinkofitasanuplifttalk.Startbyaddressingyourfear.“Iknowyou’renervous.Thisisnormalbecauseyou’releavingyourcomfortzone.”____19____Thepointistoensureyourfeelingsandremindyourselfthat,eventhoughyoufeelnervous,youcanhandlethis.Relaxabouttheoutcome.Ifyoucoulddothiswholethingperfectly,itwouldnotbetheadventureyou’relookingfor.Remember:Whateverhappens,itshouldmakeagoodstory.Imagininghowfunitwillbetotellyourfriendsaboutyouradventurousstorylaterwillhelpyoustopcomplainingnow.____20____A.Picturetheworst-casescene.B.Arouseyouranxiety.C.Thiswillbreakyourinactivityandhelpyoubuilduptobiggeradventures.D.Shifthowyouviewanxiety.E.Andyou’llfeelconnectedtoothers.F.Thiscanboostyourmoodandchangeyourthinkingbymakingyoufeelmorestressed.G.Thenwriteabouttheskillsyouhaveandthepastexperiencesthatwentwell.〖答案〗16.C17.D18.A19.G20.E【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章提供了如何開始進(jìn)行冒險(xiǎn)的建議。【16題詳析】前文“Pickamanageableactivityyoucandosoon—thisweekend—closetohome.(選擇一個(gè)你可以很快完成的活動(dòng)——這個(gè)周末——在離家近的地方。)”建議從易完成的活動(dòng)開始，后文“Takinggradualstepsteachesyourbrainthatexperienceisnotasbadasyouexpectedandyoucanhandleit.(循序漸進(jìn)會(huì)讓你的大腦知道，經(jīng)歷并不像你想象的那么糟糕，你可以處理好。)”說明循序漸進(jìn)的好處，C項(xiàng)“Thiswillbreakyourinactivityandhelpyoubuilduptobiggeradventures.(這將打破你的惰性，幫助你建立更大的冒險(xiǎn)。)”符合語境，說明從簡(jiǎn)單開始的好處，承接前文，呼應(yīng)后文的好處，其中的This指代前一句的內(nèi)容。故選C?！?7題詳析】空處是段落標(biāo)題，需統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容，且和其他段落標(biāo)題一樣使用祈使句的句式。后文“ResearchfromHarvardUniversityshowsthatpeoplewhointerpretedtheirnervousnessaboutactivitiessuchaskaraokesingingandpublicspeakingasexcitementenjoyedtheexperiencesmoreandperformedbetterthanthosewhotriedtopressdowntheiranxiety.Thischangedtheirthreatmindsetintoanopportunitymindset.(哈佛大學(xué)的研究表明，那些將自己對(duì)卡拉OK和公開演講等活動(dòng)的緊張情緒理解為興奮的人，比那些試圖壓制焦慮情緒的人更享受這些經(jīng)歷，表現(xiàn)也更好。這讓他們的威脅心態(tài)變成了機(jī)會(huì)心態(tài)。)”具體說明轉(zhuǎn)變焦慮心態(tài)的好處，D項(xiàng)“Shifthowyouviewanxiety.(改變你對(duì)焦慮的看法。)”符合語境，建議改變對(duì)焦慮的看法，可以統(tǒng)領(lǐng)后文內(nèi)容。故選D。【18題詳析】空處位于段首，需引出后文內(nèi)容。本段的標(biāo)題“Useyourimagination.(發(fā)揮你的想象力。)”建議想象，后文“Sayyouwanttogoonahikebutareworriedyou’llbecomelost,hurtortooexhaustedtogethome.Trytopicturethis.(比如說你想去徒步旅行，但擔(dān)心你會(huì)迷路、受傷或太累而無法回家。試著想象一下。)”具體描述想象中的遇到糟糕的事情，A項(xiàng)“Picturetheworst-casescene.(想象最壞的情況。)”符合語境，建議開始最壞的情況的想象，呼應(yīng)標(biāo)題，引出后文的事情，與后文的visualizethebest-casescene形成對(duì)照。故選A?！?9題詳析】前文“Thinkofitasanuplifttalk.Startbyaddressingyourfear.“Iknowyou’renervous.Thisisnormalbecauseyou’releavingyourcomfortzone.”(就當(dāng)這是一次鼓舞人心的談話吧。從解決你的恐懼開始?！拔抑滥愫芫o張。這很正常，因?yàn)槟阋x開自己的舒適區(qū)?！?”建議通過寫信來和自我對(duì)話，介紹首先安慰自己很正常，G項(xiàng)“Thenwriteabouttheskillsyouhaveandthepastexperiencesthatwentwell.(然后寫下你所擁有的技能和過去順利的經(jīng)歷。)”符合語境，介紹寫下能夠鼓舞自己的技能和經(jīng)歷，承接前文的寫信內(nèi)容。故選G。【20題詳析】空處位于段尾，需承接前文內(nèi)容。前文“Imagininghowfunitwillbetotellyourfriendsaboutyouradventurousstorylaterwillhelpyoustopcomplainingnow.(想象一下以后告訴你的朋友你的冒險(xiǎn)故事會(huì)有多有趣，這會(huì)幫助你現(xiàn)在停止抱怨。)”說明想象和朋友講冒險(xiǎn)故事的好處，E項(xiàng)“Andyou’llfeelconnectedtoothers.(你會(huì)覺得和別人有聯(lián)系。)”符合語境，進(jìn)一步說明這件事的好處，承接前文的好處。故選E。第二部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A,B,C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AsaBoy,JohnKerrwantedtobeafiremanoraparkranger(護(hù)林員).Lookingbackonthatchildhoodfantasy,hesays,“Ithinkitwasthehat.”___21___,hespentfourdecadesatoneofpublicbroadcasting’sflagshipstationsinBoston.He___22___in2005attheageof65withoutanyparticularpostcareer___23___inmind.Afterseveralidleweeks,hedecidedtodrivehiscampertovisitfamilyinJacksonHole,Wyoming.Ontheroute,hestopped___24___attheYellowstoneParkFoundation,which___25___fundsforYellowstone,America’sfirstnationalpark.Asithappens,thefoundationwas___26___peopletoeducateparkguestsonwolves.Kerrsignedon.Later,attheurgingofhisdaughter,aforestryschoolgraduate,Kerr___27___theStudentConservationAssociationforaninternship(實(shí)習(xí)).TosaythatKerrstoodoutintheinterncrowdisamassiveunder-statement.Mostinternswerecollegeandevenhighschoolstudents.But,inasense,hehadbeen___28___forthissincehisyouth.Hisoutdoor___29___withhisgrandfatherhadgivenhimaloveof___30___,and,asa(n)___31___,hehadhelpedoutatthelocalfiredepartmentonmedicalcalls.Healsohadsomethingelse.Thereare31millionAmericansbetweentheagesof44and70—someretiredandlookingforathirdact,somelookingforamore___32___career—___33___forsomethingwheretheyfeelasifthey’remakingacontribution.Kerralsohadthatdeepurgetodosomethingmore.Fromhisinternship,hemoveduptoranger.He___34___hismanagementofwhathedescribesasoneofthemostbeautifulplacesonEarth.“Thesearerichandall-too-rarememories,”___35___Kerr.“Ineverforgetthem.”21.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Similarly22.A.returned B.worked C.continued D.retired23.A.care B.goal C.note D.risk24.A.onduty B.insecret C.ofcourse D.byaccident25.A.accepts B.raises C.changes D.receives26.A.hiring B.ordering C.firing D.forcing27.A.apologizedto B.contributedto C.appliedto D.referredto28.A.prepared B.called C.stopped D.observed29.A.jobs B.adventures C.trades D.problems30.A.animals B.plants C.nature D.parks31.A.kid B.boy C.child D.adult32.A.burdensome B.difficult C.dangerous D.satisfying33.A.allowing B.applying C.searching D.arranging34.A.treasures B.replaces C.reconsiders D.plans35.A.tries B.warns C.recalls D.imagines〖答案〗21.A22.D23.B24.D25.B26.A27.C28.A29.B30.C31.D32.D33.C34.A35.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要記述了JohnKerr童年的夢(mèng)想以及退休后的工作?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，他在波士頓的一家公共廣播旗艦電臺(tái)工作了40年。A.Instead相反；B.Otherwise否則；C.Therefore因此；D.Similarly同樣。根據(jù)前文的“AsaBoy,JohnKerrwantedtobeafiremanoraparkranger”可知，約翰·科爾小時(shí)候想成為一名消防員或護(hù)林員，現(xiàn)在他在波士頓的一家公共廣播旗艦電臺(tái)工作了40年，兩句話為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2005年，65歲的他退休了，沒有任何特別的職業(yè)生涯后目標(biāo)。A.returned返回；B.worked工作；C.continued繼續(xù)；D.retired退休。根據(jù)后文的“attheageof65withoutanyparticularpostcareerinmind.”可知，在65歲時(shí)他退休了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2005年，65歲的他退休了，沒有任何特別的職業(yè)生涯后目標(biāo)。A.care關(guān)心；B.goal目標(biāo)；C.note便條；D.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)后文的“Afterseveralidleweeks”可知，他過了幾個(gè)星期的閑散時(shí)光，因?yàn)樗^腦中沒有任何特別的職業(yè)生涯后目標(biāo)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：途中，他偶然在黃石公園基金會(huì)前停了下來，該基金會(huì)為美國(guó)第一個(gè)國(guó)家公園黃石籌集資金。A.onduty值班；B.insecret秘密；C.ofcourse當(dāng)然；D.byaccident偶然。根據(jù)前文的“hedecidedtodrivehiscampertovisitfamilyinJacksonHole,Wyoming.”可知，他決定開著他的露營(yíng)車去拜訪懷俄明州杰克遜霍爾的家人，可見在黃石公園基金會(huì)前停了下來是偶然的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：途中，他偶然在黃石公園基金會(huì)前停了下來，該基金會(huì)為美國(guó)第一個(gè)國(guó)家公園黃石籌集資金。A.accepts接受；B.raises籌款；C.changes改變；D.receives接受。根據(jù)前文的“theYellowstoneParkFoundation”和后文的“fundsforYellowstone”可知，黃石公園基金會(huì)是為黃石公園籌集資金。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：碰巧的是，該基金會(huì)正在雇人向公園的游客介紹狼。A.hiring雇傭；B.ordering命令；C.firing解雇；D.forcing強(qiáng)迫。根據(jù)后文的“peopletoeducateparkguestsonwolves.Kerrsignedon.”可知，基金會(huì)雇人工作。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：后來，在畢業(yè)于林業(yè)學(xué)校的女兒的敦促下，克爾向?qū)W生保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)申請(qǐng)實(shí)習(xí)。A.apologizedto向……道歉；B.contributedto有助于；C.appliedto申請(qǐng)；D.referredto提到，查閱。根據(jù)后文的“theStudentConservationAssociationforaninternship(實(shí)習(xí)).”可知，他向?qū)W生保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)申請(qǐng)實(shí)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，從某種意義上說，他從小就為此做好了準(zhǔn)備。A.prepared準(zhǔn)備；B.called呼叫；C.stopped停止；D.observed觀察到。根據(jù)后文的“Hisoutdoorwithhisgrandfatherhadgivenhimaloveof10”可知，他和祖父的戶外冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷讓他愛上了大自然，從這種意義上說，他從小就為此做好了準(zhǔn)備。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他和祖父的戶外冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷讓他愛上了大自然，并且成年后，他曾在當(dāng)?shù)叵啦块T幫忙處理醫(yī)療呼叫。A.jobs工作；B.adventures冒險(xiǎn)；C.trades交易；D.problems問題。根據(jù)前文的“But,inasense,hehadbeen8forthissincehisyouth.Hisoutdoor”可知，這是他沒成年時(shí)和祖父出去，故這不是他的工作，這是戶外的冒險(xiǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他和祖父的戶外冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷讓他愛上了大自然，并且成年后，他曾在當(dāng)?shù)叵啦块T幫忙處理醫(yī)療呼叫。A.animals動(dòng)物；B.plants植物；C.nature自然；D.parks公園。根據(jù)前文的“Hisoutdoorwithhisgrandfather”可知，他愛上的是大自然。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他和祖父的戶外冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷讓他愛上了大自然，并且成年后，他曾在當(dāng)?shù)叵啦块T幫忙處理醫(yī)療呼叫。A.kid孩子；B.boy男孩；C.child孩子；D.adult成年人。根據(jù)后文的“hehadhelpedoutatthelocalfiredepartmentonmedicalcalls.”可知，他曾在當(dāng)?shù)叵啦块T幫忙處理醫(yī)療呼叫是他成年后做的事情。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：年齡在44歲到70歲之間的美國(guó)人有3100萬，其中一些人退休了，正在尋找第三人生，一些人在尋找更令人滿意的職業(yè)，尋找他們覺得自己在做出貢獻(xiàn)的東西。A.burdensome繁重的；B.difficult困難的；C.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；D.satisfying令人滿意的。根據(jù)后文的“forsomethingwheretheyfeelasifthey’remakingacontribution.”可知，這些工作是令人滿意的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：年齡在44歲到70歲之間的美國(guó)人有3100萬，其中一些人退休了，正在尋找第三人生，一些人在尋找更令人滿意的職業(yè)，尋找他們覺得自己在做出貢獻(xiàn)的東西。A.allowing允許；B.applying應(yīng)用；C.searching搜索；D.arranging排列。根據(jù)前文的“someretiredandlookingforathirdact,somelookingforamorecareer”可知，退休的人們?cè)趯ふ倚碌哪繕?biāo)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他很珍惜自己對(duì)這個(gè)他稱之為地球上最美麗的地方之一的管理。A.treasures珍愛；B.replaces取代；C.reconsiders重新考慮；D.plans計(jì)劃。根據(jù)前文的“AsaBoy,JohnKerrwantedtobeafiremanoraparkranger”和“Fromhisinternship,hem