2022-2023學(xué)年浙江省湖州市高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省湖州市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳〖答案〗。AAnxioustokeephealthy?Tryingtofindtipsonit?JustseewhattheseexpertssaidtoyouEatinSeason“Thevegetablesinseasonsprovidethelowestcost,besttasteandmostnutrition,”saidregistereddietitianJillNussinow,“Ifpossible,growyourownorshopatafarmersmarketorstorewithhighproduceturnover.Becomefamiliarwithwhat’sinseason”.StayHydrated(含水的)“Drinkatleast3litersofwaterdaily,butnomorethan1gallon,”saidTrinityPerkins,acertifiedpersonaltrainer,ISSAperformancenutritionspecialist.“Stayinghydratedsessentialtoyourprogress-weightloss,energy,immunesystemfunctioningandmore!”Stayinghydratedensuresyourbodyfunctionproperlyandefficiently.EatSlowerandStopBeforeYou’reFull“Thisisprobablyoneofthemostimportantrulesofhealthyeating;itmeanseatinguntilyouaresatisfied,notstuffedbeyondbelief,”saidDarinHuslander,averifiednutritionist.“Thisallowsyourbrainsignalstokickinandtellyourbodywhenitsfullandreadytostopeating.”CutDownonSugarWeightgain,heartdisease,diabetes,andthelistofhealthissuesassociatedwithconsumingtoomuchaddedsugarcontinuetopileup.Theamountofsugarpeopleingest(攝入)hasbeenclimbing.Checktheingredientsbeforeyoudecideonfoodwhichishighinsugartokeepyoufeelingsatisfied.Whenyoursweettoothkicksin,reachforsomefruit.1.WhatdoesJillNussinowadviseustodo?A.Tofindthecheapestvegetables. B.Tostartashopatafarmersmarket.C.Tolearntheknowledgeofseasons. D.Togrowvegetablesforourselves.2.WhatdoesDarinHuslanderwanttostress?A.Thequalityoffood. B.Thequantityoffood.C.Thetypeoffood. D.Thetasteoffood.3.Howcanwecutdownonsugar?A.Todropfoodhighinsugarforfruit.B.Topileuphealthproblemswithsugar.C.Totakemoreexercisesuchasclimbing.D.Tochecktheingredientsofanyfood.〖答案〗1.D2.B3.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些方法以幫助我們更好地保持健康?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段““Thevegetablesinseasonsprovidethelowestcost,besttasteandmostnutrition,”saidregistereddietitianJillNussinow,“Ifpossible,growyourownorshopatafarmersmarketorstorewithhighproduceturnover.Becomefamiliarwithwhat’sinseason”.(注冊營養(yǎng)師JillNussinow說：“應(yīng)季蔬菜成本最低，味道最好，營養(yǎng)最多。如果可能的話，自己種植，或者在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品周轉(zhuǎn)率高的農(nóng)貿(mào)市場或商店購買。了解當(dāng)季的食物?！?”可知，JillNussinow認(rèn)為我們可以自己種植蔬菜或者在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品周轉(zhuǎn)率高的農(nóng)貿(mào)市場或商店購買。故選D?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Thisisprobablyoneofthemostimportantrulesofhealthyeating;itmeanseatinguntilyouaresatisfied,notstuffedbeyondbelief,”saidDarinHuslander,averifiednutritionist.“Thisallowsyourbrainsignalstokickinandtellyourbodywhenitsfullandreadytostopeating.”(“這可能是健康飲食最重要的規(guī)則之一；它意味著吃到你飽，而不是吃到撐，”資深營養(yǎng)學(xué)家DarinHu說?！斑@會讓你的大腦發(fā)出信號，告訴你的身體什么時候吃飽了，什么時候可以停止進食?！?”可知，DarinHu想要強調(diào)的是吃的量。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whenyoursweettoothkicksin,reachforsomefruit.(當(dāng)你開始想吃甜食的時候，吃點水果吧)”可知，作者建議當(dāng)我們想吃甜食時，為了減少糖分?jǐn)z入，我們可以放棄高糖食物，多吃水果。故選A。BSeanElliotMartinandPanchoTimmonsarefriendsonamissiontochangetheworld,onesmallactofkindnessatatime.That’sthesubjectoftheirnewbook,QuickandEasyWorldChange,whichtheyreleasedasane-book.Theprojectisinspiredbyanotherkindness-relatedbookMartinworkedonyearsago.Thelatestonetakespartsofthefirstbookandupdatesitwithmoreinspiringstoriesandlistsoflittlethingspeoplecandodailytospreadgoodnesswherevertheygo.“Makeagameofgiving—youcanassignyourselfpointsfordifferentlittlethings,”Martinsaid.“HowmanydoorscanIopeneachdayforsomeonewiththeirhandsfull?OrhowmanydifferentwayscanIhelpsomeonetoday?OrhowmanygooddeedscanIthinkof?”Italsoaddressestheconceptofcompoundkindness—adominoeffectofgooddeeds.“Ifyouarekindtooneperson,he’slikelytobekindtotwotofivepeople,”Martinsaid.Bothauthors’liveshavebeenimpactedbythekindnessofothers,theyeachexplained.QuickandEasyWorldChangeistheirwaytopaythoseexperiencesforward.ForTimmons,ateacher’smercyincollegewasaturningpointforhim.“IdidallthethingsIwassupposedtodo-workedhard,studiedhard-andendedupfailingprettymiserably,”herecalled.“Buttheprofessorpulledmeasideandsaid,‘You’reanAstudentturninginCandD.workbecauseyou’reclearlydyslexic(閱讀障礙)andnotgettingthehelpyouneed.”“That5-minuteconversationwasthedifferencebetweendroppingoutofcollegeandgettingtwomaster’sdegreesandnowrunningtwocompanies,Timmonssaid.“I’vespentmycareertryingtopaythatforward.”Withtheelectronicversionavailable,theirplanistoreleasehardcopies.Theauthorshopepeoplewilluseitlikeaworkbook,adocumenttheycanmarkup,reflectonandusetomaketheirlives-andthelivesofothersbetter.4.WhatisthebookQuickandEasyWorldChangeabout?A.Positiveeffectsofkindness. B.Dreamsrealizedbytheauthors.C.Waystofeelgoodeveryday. D.Smallactsofkindness.5.Whatdoes“theconceptofcompoundkindness”inparagraph2mean?A.Beingkindisalife-longmission.B.Helpingotherswillmakeyourday.C.Itiseasytostepoutofthecomfortzone.D.Anactofkindnesscansetoffachainofevents.6.HowwasTimmons’lifeinfluencedbyothers’kindness?A.Hisdyslexicwassuccessfullycured.B.Hisscoreswerechangedbyothers.C.Ateachercomfortedhimwithwarmwords.D.Aprofessorassistedhimingettingmaster’sdegrees.7.Inwhatformisthebookaccessibletoreaders?A.Electronicversion. B.Hardcopy.C.Schoolworkbook. D.Document.〖答案〗4.D5.D6.C7.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是SeanElliotMartin和PanchoTimmons兩位一起出版的新書QuickandEasyWorldChange?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SeanElliotMartinandPanchoTimmonsarefriendsonamissiontochangetheworld,onesmallactofkindnessatatime.That’sthesubjectoftheirnewbook,QuickandEasyWorldChange,whichtheyreleasedasane-book.(SeanElliotMartin和PanchoTimmons是朋友，他們的使命是改變世界，一次做一件小小的善舉。這就是他們的新書QuickandEasyWorldChange的主題，這本書以電子書的形式發(fā)行。)”可知，QuickandEasyWorldChange這本書是關(guān)于小小的善舉產(chǎn)生的積極影響。故選D?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ifyoucomplimentoneperson,they’relikelytocomplimenttwotofivepeople(如果你贊美一個人，他們可能會贊美兩到五個人)”可知，一個善舉會引起其他更多的善舉，由此猜測“theconceptofcompoundkindness”的意思是“一個善舉可以引發(fā)一連串的事件”。故選D?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“ForTimmons,ateacher’scompassionincollegewasaturningpointforhim.“IdidallthethingsIwassupposedtodo—workedhard,studiedhard—andendedupfailingprettymiserably,”herecalled.“Buttheprofessorpulledmeasideandsaid,‘You’reanAstudentturninginCandDworkbecauseyou’reclearlydyslexic(讀寫困難)andnotgettingthehelpyouneed.”“That5-minuteconversationwasthedifferencebetweendroppingoutofcollegeandgettingtwomaster’sdegreesandnowrunningtwocompanies,”Timmonssaid.“I’vespentmycareertryingtopaythatforward.”(對Timmons來說，大學(xué)里老師的同情是他人生的轉(zhuǎn)折點?！拔易隽怂形覒?yīng)該做的事情——努力工作，努力學(xué)習(xí)——結(jié)果卻慘敗，”他回憶道?！暗墙淌诎盐依揭贿叄f，‘你是一個A的學(xué)生，卻交出了C和D的作業(yè)，因為你明顯有閱讀障礙，沒有得到你需要的幫助’。蒂蒙斯說：“那5分鐘的談話就決定了我從大學(xué)退學(xué)，拿到兩個碩士學(xué)位，到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)營兩家公司?！薄拔业恼麄€職業(yè)生涯都在努力傳遞這種精神。”)”可知，一位老師用熱情洋溢的話語安慰他，這種善意影響了他。故選C。【7題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“That’sthesubjectoftheirnewbook,QuickandEasyWorldChange,whichtheyreleasedasane-book.(這就是他們的新書QuickandEasyWorldChange的主題，這本書以電子書的形式發(fā)行)”可知，這本書是電子版本的。故選A。CFormotorcycleenthusiasts,nothingbeatstheexcitementofridingyourmotorcycleontheopenhighwaywiththewindonyourback.Withgaspricesrising,ridingmotorcyclesiseconomicalandamuchgreenerwaytotravel.Alongwiththebenefitscomestheriskofpersonalinjuryifanaccidentoccurs.Afterall,you’renotprotectedbysteellikeyouarewhiledrivingyourcar.Besidesahelmet(頭盔),thelatestsafetyinnovations,newairbagjeans,arepersonalairbagsthatyoucanweartobetterprotectyourlife.Airbagshavebeenprotectingpeopleincaraccidentsfordecades.Now,aSwedishcompany,Mo’cycle,teamedupwithanairbagtechnologycompanywhichpreviouslyproducedupperbodyprotectionformotorcycleriders,todesignandproducetheairbagsjeans.Thiskindofairbagcanofferprotectionforthemotorcyclerider’slowerbody,especiallythetailbone,incaseofanaccident.Accordingtothecompany,“Itreformedtheairbagtechnologytoprotectthefirstboneofthespinalcolumn(脊柱),becausespinalcolumninjuryistheleadingcauseofdisabilityamongmotorcycleriders.”Theairbagjeanslooklikeconventionaltrousers.Itscomponentisremovableandthejeanscanbewashed,dried,andwornagain.ThejeansaremadeofafabriccalledArmalithwhichisstrongerandweighslessthansteel.Armalithhelpstopreventridersfrominjuriescausedbyforceoffrictionafterafall.Theairbagsfixedintothefabrichelpprotecttheriderifheorshefallsoffthemotorcycle.Iftheriderisseparatedfromthevehicle,theairbagsaretouchedoffinseconds.That’sbecausethemechanismisactuallyachainthatconnectsthejeanstothemotorcycle.Mo’cycle’sairbagjeansareavailableonthecompany’scrowdfundingcampaignalongwithanairbagshirtandacompleteprotectionpackage.Obviously,theycanprovideprotectionformoremotorcycleriders.Makingtheroadssaferforthemiscertainlyaworthyeffort.8.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?A.Toshowthepopularityofmotorcycles. B.Tostressthenecessityofairbagsjeans.C.Tostatetheimportanceofwearinghelmets. D.Todisplaytheexcitementofhighwayriding.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Thetailboneinjuriesarehardtoidentify.B.Airbagsofferoverallprotectionforriders.C.Mocycleisfamousforairbagdesignandproduction.D.Theairbagjeansarebasedontheexistingtechnology.10.Whatisafeatureofairbagjeans?A.Theyleadanewfashiontrend. B.Theyarecomfortabletowear.C.Theyarequickinresponse. D.Theyneedfixingregularly.,11.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureoftheairbagjeans?A.Indifferent. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Curious.〖答案〗8.B9.D10.C11.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了安全氣囊牛仔褲可以更好地保護人們的生命，文章介紹了安全氣囊牛仔褲的原理以及涉及的技術(shù)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Formotorcycleenthusiasts,nothingbeatstheexcitementofridingyourmotorcycleontheopenhighwaywiththewindonyourback.Withgaspricesrising,ridingmotorcyclesiseconomicalandamuchgreenerwaytotravel.Alongwiththebenefitscomestheriskofpersonalinjuryifanaccidentoccurs.Afterall,you’renotprotectedbysteellikeyouarewhiledrivingyourcar.Besidesahelmet(頭盔),thelatestsafetyinnovations,newairbagjeans,arepersonalairbagsthatyoucanweartobetterprotectyourlife.(對于摩托車愛好者來說，沒有什么比騎著摩托車在開闊的高速公路上迎風(fēng)而行更令人興奮的了。隨著汽油價格的上漲，騎摩托車是一種既經(jīng)濟又環(huán)保的出行方式。隨著這些好處而來的是，如果發(fā)生事故，人身傷害的風(fēng)險。畢竟，你不像開車時那樣受到鋼鐵的保護。除了頭盔之外，最新的安全創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品——新型安全氣囊牛仔褲——是一種個人安全氣囊，你可以穿上它來更好地保護你的生命)”可推知，第一段的目的是強調(diào)安全氣囊牛仔褲的必要性。故選B。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Now,aSwedishcompany,Mo’cycle,teamedupwithanairbagtechnologycompanywhichpreviouslyproducedupperbodyprotectionformotorcycleriders,todesignandproducetheairbagsjeans.Thiskindofairbagcanofferprotectionforthemotorcyclerider’slowerbody,especiallythetailbone,incaseofanaccident.Accordingtothecompany,“Itreformedtheairbagtechnologytoprotectthefirstboneofthespinalcolumn(脊柱),becausespinalcolumninjuryistheleadingcauseofdisabilityamongmotorcycleriders.”(現(xiàn)在，一家瑞典公司Mo’cycle與一家安全氣囊技術(shù)公司合作，設(shè)計和生產(chǎn)安全氣囊牛仔褲。該公司之前為摩托車手生產(chǎn)上半身保護裝置。這種安全氣囊可以在發(fā)生事故時保護摩托車騎手的下半身，特別是尾骨。據(jù)該公司介紹，“它改革了安全氣囊技術(shù)，以保護脊柱的第一塊骨頭，因為脊柱損傷是摩托車騎手致殘的主要原因?！?”可推知，安全氣囊牛仔褲是基于現(xiàn)有技術(shù)。故選D?！?0題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Iftheriderisseparatedfromthevehicle,theairbagsaretouchedoffinseconds.(如果騎手與車輛分離，安全氣囊會在幾秒鐘內(nèi)被觸發(fā))”可知，安全氣囊牛仔褲的特點反應(yīng)迅速。故選C。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Obviously,theycanprovideprotectionformoremotorcycleriders.Makingtheroadssaferforthemiscertainlyaworthyeffort.(顯然，他們可以為更多的摩托車騎手提供保護。讓道路對他們來說更安全當(dāng)然是值得的)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為安全氣囊牛仔褲的未來很有前途。故選C。DNASA’sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehastakenitsfirstimageofaplanetoutsideofoursolarsystem.ThetelescoperecordedfourdifferentviewsofHIP65426b,alargeplanetabout6latestonetakesto12timesthemassoftheplanetJupiter.“Thisisahistoricmoment,notonlyforWebbbutalsoforastronomygenerally,”saidSashaHinkley,associateprofessorofphysicsandastronomyattheUniversityofExeter.AstronomersdiscoveredHIP65426bin2017usingtheEuropeanSouthernObservatory’sVeryLargeTelescopeinChile.Itisayoungexoplanet(系外行星)around15to20millionyearsole-Earthis4.5billionyearsold.AccordingtoNASA,takingdirectimagesofexoplanetspresentsachallengebecausestarsaremuchbrighterthantheirsurroundingplanets-HIP65426bismorethan10,000timesdullerthanitshoststarinthenear-infrared(近紅外光),andafewthousandtimesdullerinthemid-infrared.Webbhasanear-infraredcameraandmid-infraredinstrument,whicharebothequippedwithcoronagraphs(日冕儀).“ItwasreallyimpressivehowwelltheWebbcoronagraphsworkedtosuppressthelightofthehoststar,”Prof.Hinkleysaid.Sincetheplanetisaround100timesfurtherawayfromitshoststarthanEarthisfromtheSun,thetelescopecaneasilyseparateitfromthestarintheimage.Althoughthisisnotthefirstdirectimageofanexoplanettakenfromspace,astheHubbleSpaceTelescopehastakendirectexoplanetimagespreviously,theimagepointsthewaytofutureobservationsthatwilldisclosemoreinformationaboutexoplanets.“Ithinkwhat’smostexcitingisthatwe’veonlyjustbegun,”saidAarynnCarter,apostdoctoralresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.“Therearemanymoreimagesofexoplanetstocomethatwillshapeouroverallunderstandingoftheirphysics,chemistryandformation.Wemayevendiscoverpreviouslyunknownplanets,too.”12.WhatdoweknowaboutHIP65426b?A.ItwasfirstobservedinChile. B.Itisaplanetofthesolarsystem.C.ItisaboutthesizeofJupiter. D.IthasalongerhistorythanEarth.13.WhyisithardtotakedirectimagesofHIP65426b?A.It’sveryclosetoitshoststar. B.Infraredcamerascan’tspotit.C.It’ssurroundedbyotherplanets. D.Thelightofitshoststaristoostrong.14.Theunderlinedword“suppress”inparagraph4canbereplacedby.A.strengthen B.block C.check D.adjust15.WhatdoesAarynnCartersayabouttheimageofHIP65426b?A.Itistheonlyimageofexoplanets.B.Itisusefulinexploringotherexoplanets.C.Ithasalreadyprovideddetailsoftheexoplanets.D.Ithelpsunderstandthesolarsystembetter.〖答案〗12.A13.D14.B15.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了美國宇航局的詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠鏡首次拍攝到太陽系外行星的圖像。該望遠鏡記錄了HIP65426b的四種不同視角，這是一顆大約6倍于木星質(zhì)量的大行星?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“AstronomersdiscoveredHIP65426bin2017usingtheEuropeanSouthernObservatory’sVeryLargeTelescopeinChile.(2017年，天文學(xué)家在智利使用歐洲南方天文臺的甚大望遠鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)了HIP65426b)”可知，HIP65426b是2017年在智利被觀察到的。故選A?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AccordingtoNASA,takingdirectimagesofexoplanetspresentsachallengebecausestarsaremuchbrighterthantheirsurroundingplanets-HIP65426bismorethan10,000timesdullerthanitshoststarinthenear-infrared(近紅外光),andafewthousandtimesdullerinthemid-infrared.(根據(jù)美國宇航局的說法，直接拍攝系外行星的圖像是一個挑戰(zhàn)，因為恒星比周圍的行星要亮得多——HIP65426b在近紅外波段比它的主恒星暗1萬多倍，在中紅外波段暗幾千倍)”可知，直接拍攝HIP65426b的圖像很難是因為它在近紅外波段比它的主恒星暗1萬多倍，在中紅外波段暗幾千倍。也就是它的主恒星要亮的多。故選D。【14題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上一段“AccordingtoNASA,takingdirectimagesofexoplanetspresentsachallengebecausestarsaremuchbrighterthantheirsurroundingplanets-HIP65426bismorethan10,000timesdullerthanitshoststarinthenear-infrared(近紅外光),andafewthousandtimesdullerinthemid-infrared.(根據(jù)美國宇航局的說法，直接拍攝系外行星的圖像是一個挑戰(zhàn)，因為恒星比周圍的行星要亮得多——HIP65426b在近紅外波段比它的主恒星暗1萬多倍，在中紅外波段暗幾千倍)”可知，HIP65426b的主恒星要亮的多，所以直接拍攝HIP65426b的圖像很難。而根據(jù)劃線單詞下一句“Sincetheplanetisaround100timesfurtherawayfromitshoststarthanEarthisfromtheSun,thetelescopecaneasilyseparateitfromthestarintheimage.(由于這顆行星與它的主星之間的距離是地球與太陽之間距離的100倍左右，因此望遠鏡可以很容易地將它與圖像中的恒星分開)”可知，韋伯日冕儀可以很好地“擋住、抑制住”主星光芒，所以照片才會拍得很清晰。選項A“strengthen(加強)”；選項B“block(阻擋)”；選項C“check(檢查)”；選項D“adjust(調(diào)節(jié))”。故選B。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Althoughthisisnotthefirstdirectimageofanexoplanettakenfromspace,astheHubbleSpaceTelescopehastakendirectexoplanetimagespreviously,theimagepointsthewaytofutureobservationsthatwilldisclosemoreinformationaboutexoplanets.(雖然這不是第一張從太空拍攝的系外行星的直接圖像，因為哈勃太空望遠鏡之前曾拍攝過系外行星的直接圖像，但這張照片為未來的觀測指明了道路，將揭示更多關(guān)于系外行星的信息)”以及““Therearemanymoreimagesofexoplanetstocomethatwillshapeouroverallunderstandingoftheirphysics,chemistryandformation.Wemayevendiscoverpreviouslyunknownplanets,too.”(“未來還會有更多系外行星的圖像，這些圖像將塑造我們對它們的物理、化學(xué)和形成的整體理解。我們甚至還可能發(fā)現(xiàn)以前未知的行星?！?”可知，HIP65426b的圖像對探索其他系外行星很有用。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Everyonehasoneormoretalents.Bringingoutthebestinotherscangraduallychangetheworld.____16____Withpatience,youcangraduallyfindtheadmirablecharacteristicsofpeoplearoundyou.Herearesomewaystohelpyoutoidentifyandadmirethetalentsofpeoplearoundyou.Givingisagoodwaytofindoutthegoodqualitiesinothers.Beingkinddoesn’tjustmeanhelpingsomeonefinancially.Youcanassistthemwithyouradvice,talentsandsoon.____17____Besides,youwillknowhowtheydealwiththeirproblemsinlifewithamind:nevergiveup.Talentsadoptseveralformsandtheyputpeopleindifferentcircumstances.Thus,youneedtobeflexibletodiscovergoodqualitiesinothers.Somepeopleyoucomeacrossmayhavedifferentattitudestowardslifefromyou.____18____Nobodyisperfectandeveryonehassomeshortcomings.However,theseareusefultoyou.____19____Startbyanalyzingtheshortcomingsinothers,andthenyoucaneasilyfindoutthegoodqualitiestheyalreadyhave.____20____Oneofthefinestwaystodiscovergoodcharacteristicsofothersistoaskthemsomethingabouttheirsuccessandfailure.Themoreyouarecurious,themoreyouwillknowaboutaperson.A.Developaninterestinothers.B.Liveinthepresenttospotothers’talents.C.Knowingone’sweaknessesisagreatwaytounderstandthem.D.Forthat,youneedtolearntoexploregoodqualitiesinothers.E.Discoveringthegoodinotherscanbringoutthebestinyourself.F.Duringthisprocess,youwillknowwhatdifficultytheyarefacingnow.G.Yourbiggestchallengeistoputasideyourownmindandseethebrightspotofthem.〖答案〗16.D17.F18.G19.C20.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。本文簡要介紹了幾個發(fā)現(xiàn)他人優(yōu)點和特長的方法?！?6題詳析】上文“Bringingoutthebestinotherscangraduallychangetheworld.”（激發(fā)別人最好的一面可以逐漸改變世界。）下文“Withpatience,youcangraduallyfindtheadmirablecharacteristicsofpeoplearoundyou.”（有了耐心，你會逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)周圍人的令人欽佩的特點。）可知，空前提到激發(fā)別人最好的一面可以逐漸改變世界?？蘸笥痔岬接辛四托?，你就會逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)身邊人令人欽佩的特質(zhì)。結(jié)合選項D項Forthat,youneedtolearntoexploregoodqualitiesinothers.（為此，你需要學(xué)會發(fā)掘別人身上的優(yōu)點。）其中“Forthat”與前文相呼應(yīng)，“l(fā)earntoexploregoodqualitiesinothers”與下文銜接，上下文語意連貫。故選D項?！?7題詳析】上文“Youcanassistthemwithyouradvice,talentsandsoon.”（你可以用你的建議、才能等等來幫助他們。）下文“Besides,youwillknowhowtheydealwiththeirproblemsinlifewithamind:nevergiveup.”（此外，你會知道他們?nèi)绾翁幚硭麄兊膯栴}在生活中有一個頭腦：永不放棄。）空前提到你可以通過你的建議、天賦等來幫助他們，空后提到此外，你會知道他們?nèi)绾尾环艞壍靥幚砩钪械膯栴}。由此可推斷空處應(yīng)介紹了通過建議等幫助他人的結(jié)果。結(jié)合選項F項Duringthisprocess,youwillknowwhatdifficultytheyarefacingnow.（在這個過程中，你會知道他們現(xiàn)在面臨著什么樣的困難。）其中“Duringthisprocess”指代空前提到的幫助他人，上下文語意連貫。故選F項?！?8題詳析】空處所在段主要強調(diào)了天賦有多種形式，并且會讓人有不同的經(jīng)歷，因此你需要靈活地發(fā)現(xiàn)他人的優(yōu)點。空前“Somepeopleyoucomeacrossmayhavedifferentattitudestowardslifefromyou.”（你遇到的一些人對生活的態(tài)度可能與你不同。）又提到你遇到的一些人對于生活可能和你有不同的看法。由此可推斷空處應(yīng)介紹在這種情況下如何發(fā)現(xiàn)別人的優(yōu)點。結(jié)合選項G項Yourbiggestchallengeistoputasideyourownmindandseethebrightspotofthem.（你最大的挑戰(zhàn)是把自己的想法放在一邊，看到他人身上的閃光點）符合此推斷，上下文語意連貫。故選G項?！?9題詳析】上文“Nobodyisperfectandeveryonehassomeshortcomings.However,theseareusefultoyou.”（沒有人是完美的，每個人都有缺點。然而，這些對您是有用的。）下文“Startbyanalyzingtheshortcomingsinothers,andthenyoucaneasilyfindoutthegoodqualitiestheyalreadyhave.”（從分析別人的缺點開始，然后你可以很容易地發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)擁有的優(yōu)點。）空前提到了每個人都有一些缺點，但是這些缺點對你是有用的。空后又提到通過分析他人的缺點，你可以輕松地發(fā)現(xiàn)他人已有的優(yōu)點。由此可推斷空處應(yīng)提到了他人的缺點對你有用的原因。結(jié)合選項C項Knowingone’sweaknessesisagreatwaytounderstandthem.（了解一個人的弱點是了解他們的好方法。）符合此推斷，說明了他人的缺點對你有用的原因，上下文語意連貫。故選C項?！?0題詳析】空處位于最后一段段首，應(yīng)是對整段內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。分析整段內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句“Themoreyouarecurious,themoreyouwillknowaboutaperson.”（你越好奇，你就越了解一個人。）可知，本段主要介紹的是發(fā)現(xiàn)別人優(yōu)點的方法是對他人充滿好奇。結(jié)合選項A項Developaninterestinothers.（培養(yǎng)對他人的興趣）是對整段內(nèi)容的概括性描述，選項中的“interest”與下文中的“curious”相照應(yīng)。故選A項。第二部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Nickwastroubledandaimless.Thenonenight,everythingchanged.Atfirst,itwasjustfaintlightasNickdrovepastatwo-storyhouse.Thenherealizedthehousewasonfire.Heimmediatelypulleduptoinvestigate.____21____wasclimbingupthefrontporch.Hurryingoutofthe____22____,heyelled,“Help,fire!”AcardrovepastandNicktriedto____23____ittostop,butinvain.Herantothebackdoor,sureitwouldbe____24____.Tohisamazement,itswungopen.Without____25____,Nickraninside,peeringintoroomstoseeifanyonewashome.Hehadjuststartedclimbingwhenhe____26____andsawfourfacesemergeatthetopofthestairs.AfterNick’swarning,theycamepouringdownandrushedout“Anybodyelseinthere?”Nickasked.Whentolda6-year-oldwasstillin,heranback.Bynow,thewholehousewasinflames.Thesmellwas____27____.Thesmokewasthick.HeliftedhisT-shirttocoverhismouthandnose.Ashehesitated,heheardthekidcrying____28____.Nickstumbledintotheblackness,____29____onsmoke.His_____30_____stayedalertashemovedtowardthesound.ThensuddenlythekidwasinfrontofhimandNickquicklygrabbedherintohisarms.Theflameswere_____31_____evencloser.Nicktookafewsteps_____32_____andthrewhimselfoutofthewindow.Outside,thefirefightershadarrived.Hehandedoverthegirl—crying,butmiraculouslyuninjured_____33_____acutonherarm—beforecollapsingonthesidewalk.Nick’sburnshavemostlyhealed,butotherchangeshavebeenfargreater.Asnewsabouthis_____34_____spread,aGoFundMeaccountforhishospitalbillsexploded,reaching$600,000.“Itsomehowfeelslikebothanear-deathexperienceanda_____35_____.”Nicksaid.21.A.Air B.Water C.Smoke D.Mist22.A.vehicle B.house C.bay D.fire23.A.put B.signal C.break D.take24.A.locked B.frozen C.wrapped D.melted25.A.interruption B.delay C.motion D.sympathy26.A.lookedup B.gotup C.lookeddown D.gotdown27.A.dizzy B.pleasant C.bitter D.intense28.A.desperately B.patiently C.tightly D.precisely29.A.hesitating B.spraining C.choking D.collapsing30.A.ankles B.throats C.ears D.fists31.A.skipping B.inching C.sinking D.fading32.A.forward B.downward C.upward D.backward33.A.dueto B.insteadof C.apartfrom D.asfor34.A.realism B.heroism C.criticism D.pessimism35.A.recovery B.reputation C.reform D.rebirth〖答案〗21.C22.A23.B24.A25.B26.A27.D28.A29.C30.C31.B32.D33.C34.B35.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章講述的是主人公尼克英勇無畏，救助火海中一名受困兒童的英雄事跡?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：煙順著前廊往上竄。A.Air空氣；B.Water水；C.Smoke煙；D.Mist霧。根據(jù)前文“Thenherealizedthehousewasonfire.”可知，房子著火了煙順著前廊往上竄。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他急忙下了車，喊道：“救命，著火了!”A.vehicle車輛；B.house房子；C.bay海灣；D.fire火。根據(jù)前文“Atfirst,itwasjustfaintlightasNickdrovepastatwo-storyhouse.”可知，尼克開車經(jīng)過房子，故看到房子著火，他從車上下來。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一輛汽車開過，尼克試圖打信號讓它停下來，但沒有成功。A.put放；B.signal發(fā)信號；C.break打破；D.take帶走。根據(jù)后文“tostop”可知，發(fā)出信號，示意他人停車。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他跑向后門，他認(rèn)為后門應(yīng)該是鎖著的。A.locked被鎖??；B.frozen凍住；C.wrapped包裹；D.melted融化。根據(jù)后文“Tohisamazement,itswungopen”可知，后門并沒有如他所想，是鎖著的，門是開著的。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：尼克毫不遲延地跑進屋里，朝房間里張望，看是否有人在家。A.interruption打擾；B.delay推遲；C.motion移動；D.sympathy同情。根據(jù)“peeringintoroomstoseeifanyonewashome”可知，尼克毫不遲延地跑進屋里，朝房間里張望，看是否有人在家。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他剛開始往上爬，就抬起頭來，看見樓梯頂上出現(xiàn)了四個人的面孔。A.lookedup查閱；B.gotup起床；C.lookeddown看不起；D.gotdown靜下心。根據(jù)后文“sawfourfacesemergeatthetopofthestairs.”可知，他抬頭向上看，看見了四個人的面孔。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：氣味很強烈。A.dizzy頭暈?zāi)垦５?；B.pleasant愉快的；C.bitter苦的，心酸的；D.intense強烈的。根據(jù)前文“Bynow,thewholehousewasinflames.”以及后文“Thesmokewasthick.”可知，火勢兇猛，煙很濃，燒灼的氣味很濃烈。故選D。【28題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：就在他猶豫的時候，他聽到了孩子絕望的哭聲。A.desperately渴望地，絕望地；B.patiently耐心地；C.tightly緊緊地；D.precisely精確地。根據(jù)前文“heheardthekidcrying”可知，他聽到了孩子絕望的哭聲。故選A。【29題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：尼克在黑暗中跌跌撞撞，被煙嗆得喘不過氣來。A.hesitating猶豫；B.spraining扭；C.choking窒息；D.collapsing倒塌。根據(jù)后文“onsmoke”可知，尼克被煙嗆得喘不過氣來。故選C。【30題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他朝聲音的方向移動時，耳朵保持警覺。A.ankles腳踝；B.throats喉嚨；C.ears耳朵；D.fists拳頭。根據(jù)后文“ThensuddenlythekidwasinfrontofhimandNickquicklygrabbedherintohisarms.”可知，他朝聲音的方向移動時，耳朵保持警覺，然后突然，孩子出現(xiàn)在他面前，尼克迅速地把她抱在懷里。故選C。【31題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：火焰越來越近了。A.skipping跳過，略過；B.inching緩慢移動；C.sinking下沉；D.fading褪色。根據(jù)后文“evencloser”可知，尼克距離火焰越來越近，火焰慢慢的靠近（吞噬著）尼克。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：尼克后退了幾步，跳出了窗戶。A.forward向前；B.downward向下；C.upward向上；D.backward向后。根據(jù)后文“threwhimselfoutofthewindow.”可知，尼克后退了幾步，用來緩沖，然后跳出窗戶。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：他把那個哭著的女孩交給了她，但除了手臂上的傷口外，她奇跡般地沒有受傷，然后倒在人行道上。A.dueto因為；B.insteadof反之；C.apartfrom除了；D.asfor至于。根據(jù)后文“acutonherarm”可知，女孩除了手臂上的傷口外，其他地方?jīng)]有受傷。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他的英雄事跡傳開后，一個為他的醫(yī)院賬單籌款的GoFundMe賬戶爆炸了似的，達到了60萬美元。A.realism現(xiàn)實主義；B.heroism英雄行為；C.criticism批判主義；D.pessimism悲觀主義。根據(jù)前文“Hehandedoverthegirl—crying,butmiraculouslyuninjured________acutonherarm—beforecollapsingonthesidewalk.”可知，尼克在熊熊火海之中拯救了一位兒童，這是他的英雄事跡。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不知何故，這感覺既像是瀕死體驗，又像是重生。A.recovery恢復(fù)；B.reputation聲望；C.reform改革；D.rebirth重生。根據(jù)前文“anear-deathexperience”可知，從火海中逃生這段經(jīng)歷感覺既像是瀕死體驗，又像是重生。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In2008,DuMenggraduatedfromtheCentralAcademyofFineArtswithamajorinVisualCommunicationArt.Before____36____(specialize)inglassartattheRochesterInstituteofTechnology’sMasterofFineArtsprogramintheUnitedStates,amemorabletripsparkedherinterestinthecraft.“Attheendof2008,oursupervisor____37____(take)meandmyclassmatesonatriptotheU.S.In____38____artmuseumonthetrip,Ifirstsawartistsusingglassasamaterial____39____(create)theirwork.Iwascuriousabouthowglasscouldbeusedinsuchaway,”saidDuMeng.“I____40____(particular)liketoseethechangingstateof____41____(shadow)castbylightpassingthroughglassatdifferenttimesandseasons,”Duexplained.“Theinterestingthingaboutglass____42____(be)thatyounotonlyneedtoconsidertheglassitself,____43_