上海市交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三9月開學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題

上海市交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2021屆高三9月開學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ThisisnottheendofmeatItistruethatsomeAmericanshavehadtoadapttosomechangesduringthepandemic.Someslaughterhousesshutdownasthevirusranrampantthroughtheworkforce.OneTysonFoodsporkprocessingplantclosedaftermorethan20%of___1___employeestestedpositive.HundredsofWendy'slocationswereoutofburgers.Grocerystoresputlimitsonhowmuchmeatcustomers___2___buy.ButwhileEatingAnimalsauthorJonathanSarfranForetooktotheNewYorkTimestodeclare,"Theendofmeatishere,"andothershavenotedtheincreasedsalesofplantbasedmeatproductslikeBeyondBurgers,thereislittleevidencethatanychangeinoureatinghabitswillstick.___3___historytellsusisthatAmericansbeeupsetaboutmeatonlywhenproductionisshowntobeunsanitary（不衛(wèi)生的）,orwhensupplyreducesandpricesgoup.Infact,meatissocentraltotheAmericandietthatPresidentTrumphassoughttokeepsupermarketbutchercasesfullwithfarmoreurgencythanhehasapproachedotheraspectsofthepandemic.NotonlydidheissueanExecutiveOrder___4___(consider)processorsofbeef,porkandpoultrycriticalinfrastructure,healsoannouncedbillionsofdollarsinreliefforfoodproducers,muchof___5___willbenefitindustrialmeatpanies.Theseactionsarenotsurprising:ifthosecaseswereemptyonhiswatch,itwouldmeanhe____6____(fail)todefendafundamental,partofthecountry'sculturalstructure.Ofcourse,it'snotasifwedidn'talreadyhaveinitiative____7____(reduce)ourmeatconsumption.It'swelldocumentedthatanimals____8____(raise)formeat,dairyandeggsincreasegreenhousegasemissionsthatcauseclimatechange.Andforyearsweweretoldtoeatlessredmeat___9___linkstoheartdisease,cancerandotherhealthconditions.ThatproducedacertainamountofchangeintheAmericandiet,towardmovechicken.But_____10_____1999Galluppollfoundthat6%ofAmericansidentifiedasvegetarians.In2018,thatnumberwas5%.【答案】1.its2.could3.What4.considering5.which6.hadfailed7.toreduce8.raised9.becauseof10.a【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了在疫情期間，美國(guó)人對(duì)肉類的消費(fèi)發(fā)生了變化?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句意：泰森食品(Tyson

Foods)的一家豬肉加工廠在超過(guò)20%的員工檢測(cè)呈陽(yáng)性后關(guān)閉。此處意思為“泰森食品(Tyson

Foods)的一家豬肉加工廠的員工”；OneTysonFoodsporkprocessingplant是單數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用its指代。故填its?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：雜貨店對(duì)顧客可以買多少肉有限制。根據(jù)句意，此處用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示允許，意思為“可以，能夠”；根據(jù)上文“duringthepandemic”，此處描述的是疫情期間的情況，應(yīng)用can的過(guò)去式could。故填could?！?題詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：歷史告訴我們，只有當(dāng)生產(chǎn)證明是不衛(wèi)生的或者當(dāng)供應(yīng)減少、價(jià)格上漲的時(shí)候，美國(guó)人才會(huì)對(duì)肉類感到不安。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“____historytellsus”是主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，意思為“……事情”。故填What?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他不僅發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)行政命令，考慮到牛肉、豬肉和家禽加工廠的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。句子主語(yǔ)he和consider之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系；此處considering是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。故填considering?！?題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意：他還宣布向食品生產(chǎn)商提供數(shù)十億美元的救濟(jì)，其中很多將惠及工業(yè)化的肉類公司。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“muchof____willbenefitindustrialmeatpanies”是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是billionsofdollars，指物，在介詞后應(yīng)該用關(guān)系詞which。故填which。【6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這些行為并不令人驚訝：如果在他任內(nèi)，這些案例都是空白的，那就意味著他未能捍衛(wèi)這個(gè)國(guó)家文化結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)基本組成部分。根據(jù)itwouldmean可知，此處是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadfailed?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)然，這并不是說(shuō)我們沒(méi)有減少肉類消費(fèi)的主動(dòng)性。此處是短語(yǔ)haveinitiativetodo…“有做……的主動(dòng)性”，后接不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填toreduce?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：有充分的證據(jù)表明，為食用肉類、奶制品和蛋類而飼養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物會(huì)增加溫室氣體排放，從而導(dǎo)致氣候變化。animals和raise之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填raised。【9題詳解】考查從屬連詞。句意：多年來(lái)，我們被告知要少吃紅肉，因?yàn)榧t肉與心臟病、癌癥和其他健康狀況有關(guān)。“weweretoldtoeatlessredmeat”是結(jié)果，“l(fā)inkstoheartdisease,cancerandotherhealthconditions”是名詞短語(yǔ)，表示原因，因此用becauseof表示原因。故填becauseof?！?0題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：但1999年的蓋洛普民意測(cè)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，6%的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為自己是素食者。此處用不定冠詞a表示數(shù)量，意思為“一次”；1999Galluppoll的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭，因此用不定冠詞a。故填a。SectionB(A)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.sympathyB.heartfeltC.valuedD.termsE.serveF.plimentG.distractionH.thirstedI.obligationJ.devotedK.affectionI'ma50somethingmale,thefatheroftwomostlygrowngirls.I'mhappytosaythatbothmyparentsarestillkicking.I'mongood___11___withmybrothersandsistersmostofthetime.Iamblessedwithgoodfriendsandotherrelations,andtendtogetonwellwithmycoworkers.Iamfortunateinsomanyways,butfeellikeIconsistentlydisappointeveryoneIknow.Icannot,forthelifeofme,giveagenuine___12___.Itsimplydoesn'tenaturally.WhenItry,andIdo,inordertomaintainalltherelationships,itfeelsforced,moreamatterof___13___thanagiftthatmightputwindinthesailsofsomeoneItrulycarefor.Ifeelstronglythatgivingshouldspringfromjoy,oratleastfroma___14___desiretoseetherecipientenlivenedbyit.WhenIhavenothingtoofferinresponsetoajobwelldone,everyoneloses.IfeellikeI'vetwistedtheemotionalandsocialdevelopmentofmychildren,alienated（疏遠(yuǎn)）anynumberofperfectlywonderfullovers,andgenerallykepttheworldatarm'slength.Afteryearsofpsychotherapyandtheobsessiveselfexaminationmontomygeneration,IbelieveIknowwherethismeannessofspiritesfrom.Sixkidsintotal,ataverytenderage,therewerefiveyounger,cuterkidsstandingbetweenmeandobjectofour___15___.Mamawasdrivento___16___,toputitmildly,bythedemandsplacedonher,butitwasthe1950sandshesetaselflessandhardyexample.Ihadplete___17___forherdifficultsituation,evenatthetime.Thefactremains,however,that,asayoungchild.IneededmorethanIgot.I___18___formymother'sattention.Ineededtoknowthatshe___19___measmorethanherhelper,herstronglittleman.Iclearlyrecall,attheripeoldageof7,ingtotheconclusionthatIwouldnevergetit."That'sOK,"Ireckoned,"Icangetbywithoutit"."it"beingherlove.Youcanimaginethesiblingrivalryinabigfamily.EventuallyItookhaveninthewrittenwordtogetawayfromit.ButevenbeforeIlearnedtoread,Ihadrealizedthatgivinganysignofapprovalorencouragementtomybrothersandsisterscouldonly____20____toincreasethegulfbetweenmeandmymom.Doesthatmakesense?Icanrationalizeotherwise,ofcourse,andnowwe'reall"onebighappyfamily",butthedamageisdone.Iwanttobegraciousandgiving,butwhenIeventhinktoreachintothatpurse,however,it'sprettymuchempty.【答案】11.D12.F13.I14.B15.K16.G17.A18.H19.C20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要闡述作者在孩童時(shí)期的經(jīng)歷對(duì)他以后生活所造成的影響：作者是長(zhǎng)子，童年時(shí)期承擔(dān)起了協(xié)助養(yǎng)家糊口的重任，但同時(shí)他也只是個(gè)孩子，表露出對(duì)弟妹們的支持和鼓勵(lì)只能讓自己更失去母親的關(guān)愛(ài)，從而形成他成年后不會(huì)稱贊別人的性格特點(diǎn)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：大多數(shù)時(shí)候我和我的兄弟姐妹相處得很好。根據(jù)Iamfortunateinsomanyways可知，ongoodterms關(guān)系好，所以用名詞terms。符合句意。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：我怎么也說(shuō)不出一句真誠(chéng)的恭維話來(lái)。根據(jù)inordertomaintainalltherelationships,itfeelsforced可知，形容詞genuine后接名詞，pliment恭維，根據(jù)前面的不定冠詞a可知，用單數(shù)形式，所以用名詞pliment。符合句意。故選F?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)我試著去維持所有的關(guān)系時(shí)，我覺(jué)得這是被迫的，這更像是一種義務(wù)，而不是一份能讓我真正關(guān)心的人揚(yáng)帆起航的禮物。介詞of后接名詞形式，obligation義務(wù)；責(zé)任。根據(jù)根據(jù)itfeelsforced，用名詞obligation。故選I?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我強(qiáng)烈地感到給予應(yīng)該來(lái)自喜悅，或者至少是發(fā)自內(nèi)心地渴望看到接受者因它而活躍起來(lái)。修飾名詞desire可知用形容詞形式，根據(jù)springfromjoy可知，用形容詞heartfelt。heartfelt衷心的。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：總共6個(gè)孩子，年齡都很小，有5個(gè)更小更可愛(ài)的孩子站在我和我們喜歡的對(duì)象之間。objectofaffection喜歡的對(duì)象，心儀的對(duì)象。affection喜愛(ài)，為不可數(shù)名詞。故選K?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：委婉地說(shuō)，媽媽被強(qiáng)加在她身上的要求弄得心煩意亂，但那是在20世紀(jì)50年代，她樹立了一個(gè)無(wú)私和堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的榜樣。介詞to后接名詞形式。根據(jù)toputitmildly可知，distraction心煩意亂。符合句意。故選G。【17題詳解】考查名詞。句意：即使在當(dāng)時(shí)，我也完全同情她的困境。根據(jù)herdifficultsituation可知havesympathyfor同情，符合句意。所以用名詞sympathy。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我渴望得到母親的關(guān)注。根據(jù)IneededmorethanIgot可知，thirstfor渴望。符合句意。結(jié)合文章時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式thirsted。故選H。【19題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我需要知道她重視我不僅僅是她的幫手，她的強(qiáng)壯的小男人。從句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以用動(dòng)詞形式。value重視。結(jié)合文章時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式valued。符合句意。故選C。【20題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：但在我學(xué)會(huì)閱讀之前，我就已經(jīng)意識(shí)到，任何對(duì)我的兄弟姐妹表示贊同或鼓勵(lì)的舉動(dòng)，只會(huì)加劇我和母親之間的隔閡。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后接動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)increasethegulfbetweenmeandmymom可知，serveto起……作用。符合句意。故選E。(B)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.abstractB.alteringC.constantlyD.delicatelyE.intentionalF.loweredG.packedH.reliabilityI.shakingJ.trembleK.vitalIfwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausethey___21___atthethoughtofbeingseenitpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyouetothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobe___22___fullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethanthe___23___creationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthiswaywastehoursoftheirtime___24___thedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;necklinesare___25___orraised,andsoon:Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwith___26___thingslikewarmth,fortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdisfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasnotatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawoman___27___inathindressonawinterday,or___28___pickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhighheeledshoes.Whenparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dothe___29___changingfashionsofwomen'sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityand___30___?Thatisforyoutodecide.【答案】21.J22.G23.E24.B25.F26.K27.I28.D29.C30.H【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。作者認(rèn)為不斷變化著的時(shí)尚其實(shí)質(zhì)是在故意制造時(shí)間和金錢上的浪費(fèi)，對(duì)時(shí)尚業(yè)是否對(duì)社會(huì)真正做出重要貢獻(xiàn)持完全否定的態(tài)度，服裝的新潮流是為了在商業(yè)上剝削婦女而設(shè)的，相比女人，男人能夠更理性地審視時(shí)尚?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^(guò)時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)發(fā)抖，所以她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)they可知此處要用動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，tremble符合題意。故選J?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：仔細(xì)想想，只有女人才會(huì)站在裝滿衣服的衣櫥前悲傷地宣布自己沒(méi)衣服穿。根據(jù)pack和awardrobe之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可知此處要用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)fullofclothes可知，packed符合題意。故選G?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：時(shí)尚的變化只不過(guò)是故意制造浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)名詞creationofwaste可知此處要用形容詞修飾，intentional符合題意。故選E?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：那些負(fù)擔(dān)不起以這種方式扔掉衣服的婦女浪費(fèi)了她們的時(shí)間來(lái)改變她們的衣服。根據(jù)wastehoursoftheirtime可知此處要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，altering符合題意。故選B。【25題詳解】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：裙子可以變長(zhǎng)或變短;低領(lǐng)或高領(lǐng)，等等。根據(jù)orraised可知此處要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，lowered符合題意。故選F?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師很少關(guān)心保暖、舒適和耐用性等重要問(wèn)題。根據(jù)名詞things可知此處要用形容詞修飾，根據(jù)likewarmth,fortanddurability可知，vital符合題意。故選K?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)女人在冬天穿著單薄的衣服瑟瑟發(fā)抖，或者穿著高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走時(shí)，幾乎每個(gè)男人都會(huì)微笑。根據(jù)shake和awoman之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，可知此處要用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)inathindressonawinterday可知，shaking符合題意。故選I?！?8題詳解】考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)女人在冬天穿著單薄的衣服瑟瑟發(fā)抖，或者穿著高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走時(shí)，幾乎每個(gè)男人都會(huì)微笑。根據(jù)pickingherway可知此處要用副詞修飾，delicately符合題意。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：人們不禁要問(wèn)，女性服裝不斷變化的時(shí)尚是否反映了無(wú)常和不穩(wěn)定的基本特征？根據(jù)changing可知此處要用副詞修飾，constantly符合題意。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們一成不變的服裝風(fēng)格是否反映了穩(wěn)定可靠的基本品質(zhì)？根據(jù)stabilityand可知此處要用名詞，reliability符合題意。故選H。III.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.IntheWorldCup,theU.S.andEnglandaren'ttraditionallyrivals.But,offthefield,adifferenttypeof___31___hasdominatedformorethanacentury:whattocalltheworld'smostpopularsport.ToAmericans,it'ssoccer.Themostoftherestoftheworld(includingEngland,thebirthplaceofthemodernsport),it'sfootball.Butwhatmostpeopledon'tknowisthattheword"soccer"isnot___32___anAmericaninvention.Onthecontrary,itwasa(n)___33___fromEngland,andonethatwasmonlyusedthereuntilrelativelyrecently,whenitbecametoomuchofanAmericanismforBritishEnglishtobear.Atleast,that'sthe___34___madebyStefanSzymanski,aprofessorofsportseconomicsattheUniversityofMichigan.Inapaperfrom2014,Szymanskiwritesthat"soccer"___35___late19thcenturyEngland,asawayofdifferentiatingbetweenvariantsofthegamewhichatthetimedidnothaveamonly___36___setofrules.Intheearly1800sinEngland,footballandrugbyexistedasdifferent___37___ofthesamegame.Butin1863,theFootballAssociationwas___38___tostandardizetherulesoffootballsothatnoblesboysfromdifferentschoolscouldplayagainstoneanother.In1871,theRugbyFootballUnionfollowedsuit.Thetwosports___39___becameknownasRugbyFootballandAssociationFootball.InEngland,Szymanskiwrites,nobleboys___40___theshortenedterms"rugger"and"soccer"todifferentiatebetweenRugbyFootballandAssociationFootball.Tosupportthisargument,hecitesalettertoTheNewYorkTimes,publishedin1905:"Itwasa___41___toOxfordandCambridgetouse'er'attheendofmanywords,suchasfooter,sporter,andasAssociationdidnottakean'er'easily,itwas,andis,sometimesspokenofasSoccer."Andtheterm,Szymanskisays,waswidely___42___inEnglandthroughthefirsthalfonthetwentiethcentury.ItbecameevenmorepopularafterWorldWarIIdriven,hesuggests,bythenumberofAmericansoldiersinthecountryandthe___43___withAmericanculturearoundtheworldthatcameafterthewar.Butbythe1980s,Britsstartedto___44___theword,assoccerbecameamorepopularsportintheUnitedStates."ThepenetrationofthegameintoAmericanculture,"Szymanskiwrites,"hasledtobacklashagainsttheuseofthewordinBritain,whereitwasonceconsidereda(n)___45___totheword'football'".31.A.debate B.resistance C.rivalry D.contrast32.A.onearth B.infact C.withoutdoubt D.onpurpose33.A.loan B.provision C.acceptance D.import34.A.argument B.guess C.contribution D.claim35.A.tookoff B.rosefrom C.originatedin D.startedwith36.A.agreedupon B.madeup C.workedout D.tightenedup37.A.rules B.settings C.shifts D.variations38.A.secured B.maintained C.established D.differentiated39.A.relatively B.officially C.particularly D.outstandingly40.A.settleddownto B.cameupwith C.madeupfor D.lookedupto41.A.craze B.madness C.defence D.permission42.A.admitted B.presented C.preserved D.recognized43.A.association B.fascination C.concern D.agreement44.A.turnagainst B.holdback C.putoff D.acton45.A.connection B.pliment C.alternative D.response【答案】31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C36.A37.D38.C39.B40.B41.A42.D43.B44.A45.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述美國(guó)和英國(guó)對(duì)足球稱呼的演變歷史?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，在球場(chǎng)之外，一種不同類型的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)主導(dǎo)了一個(gè)多世紀(jì)：如何稱呼世界上最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.debate辯論；B.resistance抵抗，反抗；C.rivalry競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，對(duì)抗；D.contrast對(duì)比，對(duì)照。根據(jù)上一句“IntheWorldCup,theU.S.andEnglandaren'ttraditionallyrivals.”及本句中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞But可知，此處是詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，表示“在世界杯賽場(chǎng)上美國(guó)和英國(guó)不是典型的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，但是在球場(chǎng)外，兩個(gè)國(guó)家有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，故選C項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但是大部分人不知道的是，“soccer”這個(gè)單詞實(shí)際上不是美國(guó)的發(fā)明。A.onearth究竟；B.infact事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上；C.withoutdoubt無(wú)疑；D.onpurpose故意。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是說(shuō)一個(gè)大部分人不知道的事實(shí)，infact實(shí)際上，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，它是從英國(guó)進(jìn)口來(lái)的。A.loan貸款；B.provision供應(yīng)品；C.acceptance接受；D.import進(jìn)口，進(jìn)口貨。上一句提到“soccer”不是美國(guó)的發(fā)明，結(jié)合空后“fromEngland”可知，此處指從英國(guó)進(jìn)口，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：至少，這是密歇根大學(xué)體育經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授StefanSzymanski的論證。A.argument論證，爭(zhēng)吵；B.guess猜想；C.contribution貢獻(xiàn)；D.claim宣稱，要求。根據(jù)下文“Tosupportthisargument,hecitesalettertoTheNewYorkTimes”可知，此處指“論證”，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在2014年的一篇論文中，Szymanski寫道，“soccer”起源于英國(guó)19世紀(jì)晚期，作為區(qū)分這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的變體的一種方法，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)當(dāng)時(shí)還沒(méi)有普遍認(rèn)可的一套規(guī)則。A.tookoff脫下，起飛，成功；B.rosefrom從……升起；C.originatedin起源于；D.startedwith以……開始。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及空后“l(fā)ate19thcenturyEngland”可知，此處指“soccer”起源于英國(guó)19世紀(jì)晚期，故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在2014年的一篇論文中，Szymanski寫道，“soccer”起源于英國(guó)19世紀(jì)晚期，作為區(qū)分這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的變體的一種方法，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)當(dāng)時(shí)還沒(méi)有普遍認(rèn)可的一套規(guī)則。A.agreedupon互相認(rèn)可的，商定的；B.madeup捏造的，化妝的；C.workedout解決的；D.tightenedup繃緊的。下文“theFootballAssociationwas___8___tostandardizetherulesoffootball”提到“使足球規(guī)則標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”可知，足球這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)當(dāng)時(shí)還沒(méi)有普遍認(rèn)可的一套規(guī)則，故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在英國(guó)19世紀(jì)早期，足球和橄欖球作為同一種運(yùn)動(dòng)的不同變體而存在。A.rules規(guī)則；B.settings設(shè)置；C.shifts轉(zhuǎn)移；D.variations變異，變體。根據(jù)上文“asawayofdifferentiatingbetweenvariantsofthegame”并結(jié)合本句中“thesamegame”可知，此處指同一種運(yùn)動(dòng)的不同“變體”，故選D項(xiàng)。【38題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是在1863年，足球協(xié)會(huì)得以成立，來(lái)使足球規(guī)則標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，以便不同學(xué)校的貴族男孩可以比賽。A.secured保護(hù)，使安全；B.maintained維持；C.established建立，創(chuàng)立；D.differentiated區(qū)分。根據(jù)空后“tostandardizetherulesoffootball”可知，足球聯(lián)盟得以成立來(lái)使足球規(guī)則標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)正式被稱為橄欖球和英式足球。A.relatively相對(duì)地；B.officially正式地，官方地；C.particularly特別地，尤其；D.outstandingly顯著地，非常。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“這兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)正式被稱為橄欖球和英式足球”，故選B項(xiàng)。【40題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在英國(guó)，Szymanski寫道，貴族男孩提出縮寫形式“rugger”和“soccer”來(lái)區(qū)分橄欖球和英式足球。A.settleddownto專心致志于；B.cameupwith提出；C.madeupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)；D.lookedupto尊敬。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“提出”縮寫形式，故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在牛津和劍橋，在很多單詞后面加上“er”是一種狂熱。A.craze狂熱；B.madness愚蠢；C.defence防御；D.permission允許，許可。根據(jù)“touse'er'attheendofmanywords”可知，牛津和劍橋在很多單詞后面加“er”，所以這是一種“狂熱”，故選A項(xiàng)。【42題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Szymanski說(shuō)，在英國(guó)，這種形式在20世紀(jì)上半葉被廣泛接受。A.admitted承認(rèn)；B.presented展現(xiàn)，頒發(fā)；C.preserved保護(hù)，保留；D.recognized認(rèn)可，接受。根據(jù)下一句“Itbecameevenmorepopular…”可知，這種形式被廣泛接受，故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后甚至變得更加受歡迎——他表明，受到這個(gè)國(guó)家美國(guó)士兵數(shù)量和戰(zhàn)后隨之而來(lái)的世界對(duì)美國(guó)文化的喜愛(ài)的驅(qū)使。A.association協(xié)會(huì)，社團(tuán)；B.fascination魅力，入迷；C.concern擔(dān)心，憂慮；D.agreement論證，爭(zhēng)吵。根據(jù)“Itbecameevenmorepopular…”可知，縮寫形式變得更加受歡迎，所以此處指美國(guó)文化的“魅力”，故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但是到了20世紀(jì)80年代，英國(guó)開始反對(duì)這個(gè)單詞，因?yàn)橛⑹阶闱蛟诿绹?guó)變成了一項(xiàng)更受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.turnagainst反對(duì)；B.holdback阻止，抑制；C.putoff推遲；D.acton按照……行動(dòng)。根據(jù)“assoccerbecameamorepopularsportintheUnitedStates”可知，英國(guó)開始反對(duì)使用“soccer”這個(gè)單詞，下文“...ledtobacklashagainsttheuseofthewordinBritain”也是提示，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Szymanski寫道，“這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國(guó)文化中的滲透導(dǎo)致了在英國(guó)強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)使用這個(gè)單詞，曾經(jīng)它被當(dāng)作‘football’這個(gè)單詞的替代。”A.connection聯(lián)系；B.pliment稱贊；C.alternative供替代的選擇；D.response回應(yīng)，響應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“soccer”是英國(guó)人的發(fā)明，在英國(guó)它是對(duì)“football”這個(gè)單詞的替代，故選C項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)DanshBoyd,whoholdspositionsatMicrosoftResearch,NewYorkUniversity,andHarvard'sBerkmanCenterforInternetandSociety,hasapointedmessageforparents:MosteverythingwethinkweknowaboutthewayourkidsareusingtheInternetiswrong.Boyd'snewbook,it'splicated:TheSocialLivesofNetworkedTeens,makesthecasethattheInternetisn'tnearlyasscaryordamagingtoyoungpeopleasmanymomsanddadsbelieve.Asthemotherofa16yaerold,Ifoundmostofitfascinating.Herearetwoofmybiggesttakeaways:Technologyisnotturningourteensintosocialmisfits.Althoughtheimagepersiststhatyoungpeoplewouldrathertestthantalk,andpreferconnectingofFacebookthanhangingoutinperson,Boydsaysthisisn'ttrue."MostoftheteensthatImet...weredesperatefortheopportunitytoleavetheirhomestogatherwithfriends,"shewrites.Thetroubleisthatinmanymunities,youngpeoplehavelessfreedomthantheyoncedidbecausetheyaresooverscheduledandbecauseparentsareworriedabouttheirsafety."Theeraofbeingabletorunaroundafterschoolaslongasyouarehomebeforedarkislongover."Boydnotes.Tomakeupforthislostfreedomteenshaveturnedtotheirputers."Thesuccessofsocialmediamustbeunderstoodpartlyinrelationtothisshrinkingsociallandscape."Boydexplains.Facebook,Twitter.Instagram,Snapchat,andothersites"arenotonlynewpublicspaces:theyareinmanycasestheonly'public'spacesinwhichteenscaneasilymunicatewithlargegroupsoftheirpeers."Adolescentsaren'tasInternetsavvyasweliketothink.Althoughteenshavebeencalled"digitalnatives"forhavinggrownuppracticallygluedtotheirputersandsmartphones,theystillremainsimpleinmanywaysaboutwhattheyfindonline.Afterall,they'rejustkids."Manyoftoday'steensareindeeddeeplyengagedwithsocialmedia...butthisdoesnotmeanthattheyhavetheknowledgeorskillstomakethemostoftheironlineexperiences,"Boydwrites."Thesocalled'digitalnatives,'farfrombeinguseful,isoftenadistractiontounderstandingthechallengesthatyouthfaceinthenetworkedworld."Oneareainwhichyoungpeopleneedhelpisinlearningtodistinguishbetweenvalidandmisleadingsourcesofinformation."Teensmaymaketheirownmediaorsharecontentonline,"Boydobserves,"butthisdoesnotmeanthattheyinherentlyhavetheknowledgeorperspectivetocriticallyexaminewhattheyconsume."Yetmanyteachers,librarians,and,yes,parentsdo."Eventhosewhoareafraidoftechnology,"Boydsays,"canoffervaluablecriticalperspective."Asamomordad,themostimportantthingforyourkidtoplugintoisyourhardearnedwisdom.46.DanahBoyd'snewbookmainlytalksabout________.A.thecorrectandwiseuseoftheInternetforyoungpeopleB.teens'realsociallivesonlineandadviceforparentsC.measuresparentscantaketodealwiththedamagingInternetD.fascinatingtakeawaysforamotherofa16yearold47.AccordingtoBoyd,whyareteensnowadayseasilyconsideredsocialmisfits?A.Becausetheyseemtoprefertomunicatethroughsocialnetworks.B.BecausetheyaretoooverscheduledtohangoutwithfriendsinpersonC.Becauseparentsrequirethemtostayathomemoreforsafetyreasons.D.Becausesocialnetworksofferthemconvenienceofmunication48.An"Internetsavvy"personisonewho________.A.tendstobecheatedovertheInternetallthetimeB.ispletelyabsorbedinsocialnetworksallthetimeC.knowshowtofullyandwiselyusetheInternetD.hastheabilitytodistinguishrightfromwrong49.Boydmaysuggestthatparentsshould________.A.providekidswithmorechancestoleavehomesandgatherwithfriendsB.buildmorepublicplacesforkidstomunicatewiththeirpeersC.providekidswithknowledgeandskillstohelpthemtodigitalnativesD.filteroutthemisleadingsourcesofinformationonlinefortheirkids【答案】46.B47.A48.C49.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章介紹了DanshBoyd在她的新書《這很復(fù)雜：網(wǎng)絡(luò)青少年的社會(huì)生活》講述了青少年在網(wǎng)上的真實(shí)社交生活以及給父母的建議?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中DanshBoyd,whoholdspositionsatMicrosoftResearch,NewYorkUniversity,andHarvard'sBerkmanCenterforInternetandSociety,hasapointedmessageforparents:MosteverythingwethinkweknowaboutthewayourkidsareusingtheInternetiswrong.Boyd'snewbook,it'splicated:TheSocialLivesofNetworkedTeens,makesthecasethattheInternetisn'tnearlyasscaryordamagingtoyoungpeopleasmanymomsanddadsbelieve.DanshBoyd在微軟研究院、紐約大學(xué)和哈佛大學(xué)伯克曼互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與社會(huì)中心任職，他向父母?jìng)兲岢隽艘粋€(gè)尖銳的信息：我們認(rèn)為我們所知道的關(guān)于孩子使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方式的大部分都是錯(cuò)誤的。Boyd的新書《這很復(fù)雜：網(wǎng)絡(luò)青少年的社會(huì)生活》指出，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)年輕人的危害并不像許多父母所認(rèn)為的那樣嚴(yán)重。以及最后一段Asamomordad,themostimportantthingforyourkidtoplugintoisyourhardearnedwisdom.作為父母，讓孩子了解你辛苦獲得的智慧是最重要的?？芍?，DanahBoyd的新書主要講述了青少年在網(wǎng)上的真實(shí)社交生活以及給父母的建議。故選B項(xiàng)。【47題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Tomakeupforthislostfreedom,teenshaveturnedtotheirputers.“Thesuccessofsocialmediamustbeunderstoodpartlyinrelationtothisshrinkingsociallandscape.”Boydexplains.為了彌補(bǔ)失去的自由，青少年們求助于電腦?！拔覀儽仨毎焉缃幻襟w的成功部分歸因于日益萎縮的社會(huì)環(huán)境?！盉oyd解釋道。可知，DanahBoyd認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的青少年很容易被認(rèn)為與社會(huì)格格不入，因?yàn)樗麄兯坪醺矚g通過(guò)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)交流。故選A項(xiàng)。【48題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“Manyoftoday’steensareindeeddeeplyengagedwithsocialmedia...butthisdoesnotmeanthattheyhavetheknowledgeorskillstomakethemostoftheironlineexperiences,"Boydwrites.”Thesocalled‘digitalnatives,’farfrombeinguseful,isoftenadistractiontounderstandingthechallengesthatyouthfaceinthenetworkedworld.”“如今的許多青少年確實(shí)深深地沉迷于社交媒體…但這并不意味著他們有知識(shí)或技能來(lái)充分利用他們的在線體驗(yàn)，”Boyd寫道?！八^的‘?dāng)?shù)字原生代’遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是有用的，他們常常分散人們對(duì)年輕人在網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的理解。”以及第七段中“Teensmaymaketheirownmediaorsharecontentonline,”Boydobserves,“butthisdoesnotmeanthattheyinherentlyhavetheknowledgeorperspectivetocriticallyexaminewhattheyconsume.”說(shuō)明了青少年并不是天生就有知識(shí)或觀點(diǎn)來(lái)批判性地檢查他們所消費(fèi)的東西。這些都說(shuō)明了本部分標(biāo)題：青少年并不像我們想象的那樣精通網(wǎng)絡(luò)?？芍粋€(gè)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)通”是一個(gè)知道如何充分和明智地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中Oneareainwhichyoungpeopleneedhelpisinlearningtodistinguishbetweenvalidandmisleadingsourcesofinformation.年輕人需要幫助的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域是學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分有效的和誤導(dǎo)的信息來(lái)源。倒數(shù)第二段Yetmanyteachers,librarians,and,yes,parentsdo.“Eventhosewhoareafraidoftechnology,”Boydsays,“canoffervaluablecriticalperspective.”然而，許多教師、圖書管理員，還有，當(dāng)然，家長(zhǎng)們都有?！凹词故悄切┖ε录夹g(shù)的人，”博伊德說(shuō)，“也能提供有價(jià)值的批評(píng)視角。”以及最后一段Asamomordad,themostimportantthingforyourkidtoplugintoisyourhardearnedwisdom.作為父母，讓孩子了解你辛苦獲得的智慧是最重要的。可知，Boyd可能建議父母應(yīng)該向孩子提供知識(shí)和技能，幫助他們成為數(shù)字原住民。故選C項(xiàng)。(B)FOURBOOKSYOUSHOULDREADCarolineLeavittCruelBeautifulWorldAtage16LucyisalonelyorphanlivingwitholdersisterCharlotteanddevotedauntIrisinWaltham,Massachusetts.Onthelastdayofschool,sherunsawaywithher30yearoldteacher,William,andsettlesinahillsideshackinruralPennsylvania,nearhisnewteachingjob.ThoughLucyfeelsincreasinglyisolated,Williamwon’tallowheranyoutlet.Leavittdrawsuponareallifecrimethatinvolvedagirlsheknewinhighschool.Shetellsherstoryfrommultipleviewpoints,buildingtensionandempathyforLucyandCharlotteastragedyswallowsthem.StevenPriceByGaslightPrice,anawardwinningCanadianpoet,achievesanextraordinaryachievementofDickensianstorytellinginhisweightysecondnovel.HisheroisWilliamPinkerton,sonofthefounderofthelegendarydetectiveagency,whofindscluesinhislatefather’ssafetothecaseofWilliamShade.Thismythicthiefhaddisturbedandupsethisfather.WilliamtracksaShadeacplice（共犯）,CharlotteReckitt,toLondon,onlytofindshe’sbeenfounddeadintheThames.AlsoonthesceneisAdamFoole,whoisobsessedwithCharlotte,whohemetwhilestealingDeBeersdiamondsfromaSouthAfricanmine.Priceablyarrangesdozensofinterlinkingplotlinesashespansthreecontinentsandseveraldecades,fromAmericanCivilWarbattlefieldstoScotlandYardattheendofthe19thCentury.GeFeiTheInvisibilityCloakBeijingbasedGeFei(pennameforLiuYong)wonthe2015MaoDunLiteraturePrizeforfiction“describingthechangingspiritofChinesesociety”overthepastcentury.TheInvisibilityCloak,hisfirstEnglishpublication,revolvesaroundCui,adivorcedmanwhocreatescustomizedhifispeakersforBeijing’snewlywealthyandafewintellectuals.Beijing’srapidexpansionhasleftCuilongingforaninvisiblelifeawayfromthecity.Hischanceeswhenheagreestobuildaworldclasssoun