核專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯

核專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯（一）核物理基本概念元素element粒子particle離子ion分子molecule原子atom原子的atomic原子核nucleus(pl.nuclei)核的nuclear質(zhì)子proton中子neutron電子electron核子nucleon化學(xué)性質(zhì)chemicalidentity帶正電的positivelycharged帶負(fù)電的negativelycharged不帶電的uncharged電中性的electricallyneutral（元素）周期表periodictable原子序數(shù)atomicnumber質(zhì)量數(shù)massnumber軌道電子orbitalelectron同位素isotope天然存在的naturallyoccurring人工的artificial化學(xué)鍵chemicalbond化合物compound上標(biāo)superscript下標(biāo)subscript氧oxygen氫，氕h(huán)ydrogen重氫，氘heavyhydrogen,deuterium重氫核，氘核deuterion超重氫，氚tritium碳carbon氦helium放射性的radioactive加權(quán)平均weightedmean質(zhì)量mass動(dòng)量momentum能量energy單位，機(jī)組unit國(guó)際單位制SystemInternational,SI千克kilogram(kg)伏特volt(V)摩爾mole(mol)庫(kù)侖coulomb電子伏特electron-volt(eV)兆電子伏特megaelectron-volt(MeV)質(zhì)量虧損massdefect結(jié)合能bindingenergy動(dòng)能kineticenergy勢(shì)能potential,potentialenergy躍遷jump核力nuclearforce排斥repulsion吸引attraction轟擊bombardment發(fā)射（出）emission(n.),emit(v.)能級(jí)energylevel裂變fission聚變fusion衰變decay鋇barium硼boron鉍bismuth鈾uranium钚plutonium釷thorium鋰lithium鈉sodium核反應(yīng)nuclearreaction鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)chainreaction輻射，射線radiation超鈾元素transuraniumelement可裂變的fissionable易裂變的fissile碎片fragment宏觀的macroscopic微觀的microscopic介觀的mesoscopic激發(fā)excite靜電的electrostatic庫(kù)侖力Coulombforce電磁輻射electromagneticradiation（二）放射性宇宙射線cosmicray電離ionization韌致輻射bremsstrahlung(brakingradiation)輻射，射線radiation正比于beproportionalto反比于beinverselyproportionalto根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)asaruleofthumb射線alpharay射線betaray射線gammaray帶電粒子chargedparticle光子photon散射scattering衍射diffraction折射deflection碰撞collision鋁aluminum鈹beryllium氦helium相互作用interaction攝入ingest吸入inhale動(dòng)能kineticenergy勢(shì)能potential(energy)量子quantum屏蔽shielding正電子positron加速器accelerator放射性radioactivity湮滅annihilation光電效應(yīng)photoelectriceffect（三）核反應(yīng)衰減attenuation放大amplification鎘cadmium鈷cobalt氧oxygen氮nitrogen汞mercury彈性的elastic非彈性的inelastic宏觀截面macroscopiccrosssection微觀截面microscopiccrosssection靶恩barn反沖，反作用recoil平均自由程meanfreepath轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)化transmutation擴(kuò)散diffusion中子擴(kuò)散neutrondiffusion斐克擴(kuò)散定律Fick’slawofdiffusion通量flux中微子neutrino放射性同位素radioisotope半衰期half-life熱核反應(yīng)堆thermonuclearreactor化合價(jià)valence（四）核材料燃料fuel燃料芯塊fuelpellet慢化劑moderator冷卻劑coolant包殼cladding控制棒controlrod硼酸boricacid鉻chromium鉿hafnium釓gadolinium銦indium鎂magnesium鎳nickel鋯zirconium硅silicon重水heavywater石墨graphite碳化物carbide氧化物oxide氧化oxidize二氧化物dioxide二氧化碳carbondioxide碳?xì)浠衔飄ydrocarbon密度density熱導(dǎo)率，傳熱系數(shù)thermalconductivity比熱specificheat粘性viscosity飽和saturation熱力性質(zhì)，熱物性thermodynamicproperty反應(yīng)性reactivity升華sublime中子俘獲截面neutroncapturecrosssection散射截面scatteringcrosssection輻照損傷radiationdamage腫脹swelling燃耗burnup合金alloy鎂諾克斯合金Magnox鋯合金zircaloy金屬間化合物inter-metalliccompound裂變產(chǎn)物fissionproduct裂變碎片fissionfragment腐蝕產(chǎn)物corrosionproduct可燃毒物burnablepoison冷軋coldpressing燒結(jié)sintering開裂crack蠕變creep增殖材料fertilematerial增殖比breedingratio濃縮鈾enricheduranium高溫氣冷堆HighTemperatureGas-cooledReactor(HTGR)（中子）通量展平flux-shaping（五）核反應(yīng)堆理論自持的鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)self-sustainingchainreaction燃料循環(huán)fuelcycle臨界(a)critical次臨界(a)subcritical超臨界(a)supercritical臨界(n)criticality臨界尺寸criticalsize共振resonance彈性散射碰撞elasticscatteringcollision熱中子利用系數(shù)thermalutilizationfactor慢化slowdown熱中子thermalneutron快中子fastneutron六氟化物hexafluoride六氟化鈾uraniumhexafluoride離心工藝centrifugeprocess氣體擴(kuò)散工藝gaseousdiffusionprocess換料(v)refuel快中子增殖反應(yīng)堆，快堆FastBreedingReactor(FBR)堆芯，活性區(qū)core再生區(qū)blanket半透膜semi-permeablemembrane旋轉(zhuǎn)spin(過(guò)去分詞：spun)貧鈾depleteduranium熱中子反應(yīng)堆，熱堆thermalreactor快堆fastreactor倍增系數(shù)multiplicationfactor（十）壓水反應(yīng)堆壓水反應(yīng)堆，壓水堆PressurizedWaterReactor(PWR)蒸汽發(fā)生器steamgenerator一次側(cè)primaryside二次側(cè)secondaryside發(fā)電機(jī)electricalgenerator,generator燃料芯塊fuelpellet包殼cladding堆芯core給水泵feed(water)pump反應(yīng)堆（壓力）容器reactorvessel,pressurevessel硼酸boricacid化學(xué)補(bǔ)償控制chemicalshimcontrol堆坑reactorpit氣密的airtight封頭head接管，噴嘴nozzle點(diǎn)火區(qū)seed再生區(qū)blanket用戶，業(yè)主，業(yè)界utility賣主，供應(yīng)商vendor,supplier制造商manufacturer多重屏障multiplebarriers縱深防御defenseindepth冗余性redundancy多樣性diversity獨(dú)立性independence包容contain美國(guó)機(jī)械工程師協(xié)會(huì)AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineer(ASME)美國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)AmericanNuclearSociety(ANS)安全級(jí)safetyclass失效failure安全功能safetyfunction裕度margin反應(yīng)堆冷卻劑系統(tǒng)ReactorCoolantSystem(RCS)在役檢查inserviceinspection汽水分離器moistureseparator干燥器steamdryer堆內(nèi)構(gòu)件reactorinternals反應(yīng)堆冷卻劑泵，主泵reactorcoolantpump(RCP),mainpump穩(wěn)壓器pressurizer波動(dòng)管surgeline剖視圖sectionalview控制棒controlrod控制棒組件ControlElementAssembly(CEA)控制棒驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)ControlElementDriveMechanism(CEDM)控制棒導(dǎo)向管ControlRodGuideTube(CRGT)上部支撐板uppersupportplate燃料組件fuelassembly進(jìn)口接管inletnozzle出口接管outletnozzle堆芯吊籃corebarrel可燃吸收體burnableabsorber管側(cè)tubeside殼側(cè)shellside蒸汽管線steamline一次冷卻劑primarycoolant主蒸汽mainsteam反應(yīng)性引入reactivityinsertion濃度concentration參考負(fù)荷referenceload冷卻劑平均溫度coolantaveragetemperature稀釋dilution裂變產(chǎn)物fissionproduct積累buildup反應(yīng)堆調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)ReactorRegulatingSystem(RRS)（程序）整定值programmedvalue峰值線釋熱率peaklinearheatrate軸向功率分布axialpowerdistribution方位角azimuthal（中子通量）方位角偏差azimuthaltilt偏離泡核沸騰DeparturefromNucleateBoiling(DNB)偏離泡核沸騰比DeparturefromNucleateBoilingRatio(DNBR)堆內(nèi)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)In-CoreDetectorSystem(ICDS)自給能中子探測(cè)器Self-PoweredNeutronDetector(SPND)信號(hào)調(diào)理signalconditioning反應(yīng)堆緊急停堆reactortrip汽機(jī)脫扣turbinetrip可靠性reliability規(guī)范，法規(guī)code燃耗burnup（十一）反應(yīng)堆容器與堆內(nèi)構(gòu)件環(huán)鍛件ring-forging鍛造forge鍛件forging監(jiān)視surveillance樣品，試樣specimen安裝mount奧氏體的austenitic不銹鋼stainlesssteel法蘭flange熱電偶thermocouple零延性轉(zhuǎn)變溫度nil-ductilitytransitiontemperature(TNDT)注量率fluence集成中子通量NVT=TotalIntegratedNeutronFlux=IntegratedFlux=Fluence=NeutrondensityVelocityTime【unit】：[n/m3m/ss]=[n/m旁通，支路bypass磷phosphorous硫sulfur=sulphur焊weld臨界值，限值threshold（機(jī)）接合，嚙合，對(duì)位engage凸緣，凸起部，輪轂boss逐漸變細(xì)的tapered圓頂dome圍板shroud（十二）反應(yīng)堆堆芯與燃料可燃吸收棒burnableabsorberrod蠕變creep柵格lattice中子源neutronsource阻力塞plug反應(yīng)性價(jià)值reactivityworth比功率specificpower銻antimony鎘cadmium锎californium銦indium陶瓷（狀）的ceramic（機(jī)）間隙clearance污染contaminate柵格架；電網(wǎng)；網(wǎng)格grid因科鎳inconel固有安全性inherentsafety非能動(dòng)安全passivesafety能動(dòng)安全activesafety套管，套筒sleeve定位格架spacergrid星形架，蜘蛛spider乏燃料spentfuel（十三）壓水堆冷卻劑系統(tǒng)主要設(shè)備U形管蒸汽發(fā)生器U-tubesteamgenerator核供汽系統(tǒng)NuclearSteamSupplySystem(NSSS)一次系統(tǒng)primarysystem二次系統(tǒng)secondarysystem主蒸汽mainsteam汽輪機(jī)，透平機(jī)械turbine給水與凝汽系統(tǒng)feedandcondensatesystem熱管段，熱腿hotleg冷管段，冷腿coldleg堵管裕量tubepluggingmargin在情況下intheeventof換熱器heatexchanger(HX)節(jié)熱器，省煤器economizer給水feedwater一次進(jìn)口水室inletplenum一次進(jìn)口接管primaryinletnozzle一次出口水室outletplenum一次出口接管primaryoutletnozzle管板tubesheet噴放；（SG）排污blowdown上升段riser下降段downcomer滿功率fullpower(FP)額定功率ratedpower額定負(fù)荷ratedload化學(xué)和容積控制系統(tǒng)ChemicalandVolumeControlSystem(CVCS)加熱，升溫heatup冷卻，降溫cooldown噴淋管線sprayline輔助噴淋管線auxiliarysprayline上充泵chargingpump上充charge下泄letdown水位waterlevel,level備用的backup過(guò)壓保護(hù)overpressureprotection安全殼內(nèi)換料水箱In-containmentRefuelingWaterStorageTank(IRWST)換料水箱RefuelingWaterStorageTank(RWST)安全閥safetyvalve卸壓閥reliefvalve全廠斷電stationblackout(SBO)（蒸汽）干度quality空泡份額voidfraction熱沖擊thermalshock急冷，驟冷quench（十四）壓水堆系統(tǒng)與安全殼裂變碎片fissionfragment輕水反應(yīng)堆LightWaterReactor(LWR)熱機(jī)thermalengine原動(dòng)機(jī)primemover焓enthalpy熵entropy反饋feedback熱力學(xué)第二定律secondlawofthermo-dynamics最終熱阱ultimatesink一（次）回路primaryloop二（次）回路secondaryloop核電廠配套子項(xiàng)BalanceofPlant(BOP)一次壓力邊界primarypressureboundary隔離閥isolationvalve失效failure故障fault,malfuction卡諾效率Carnotefficiency熱機(jī)效率engineefficiency高溫?zé)嵩矗瑹釒?kù)hotreservoir低溫?zé)嵩碿oldreservoir摩擦friction余熱排出系統(tǒng)ResidualHeat-RemovalSystem(RHRS)換料(n)refueling應(yīng)急堆芯冷卻系統(tǒng)EmergencyCore-CoolingSystem(ECCS)補(bǔ)水與排水feedandbleed專設(shè)安全設(shè)施EngineeredSafetyFeature(ESF)設(shè)備冷卻水系統(tǒng)ComponentCoolingSystem止回閥non-returnvalve蓄壓箱accumulator電動(dòng)閥motor-drivenvalve氣動(dòng)閥pneumaticvalve安注泵safetyinjectionpump安全殼containment鋼筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋混凝土prestressedreinforcedconcrete英制壓力單位psi=poundspersquareinch英制壓力單位（表壓）psig=poundspersquareinchgauge環(huán)形的annular潛熱latentheat顯熱sensibleheat氫氧化物hydroxide氫氧化鈉sodiumhydroxide苛性鈉，氫氧化鈉caustic啟動(dòng)startup飛射物，導(dǎo)彈missile蒸汽管線steamline安全殼地坑containmentsump（十五）蒸汽輪機(jī)飛輪flywheel葉片，葉柵blade,bucket,vane功work沖動(dòng)式汽輪機(jī)impulseturbine反動(dòng)式汽輪機(jī)reactionturbine沖動(dòng)級(jí)impulsestage反動(dòng)級(jí)reactionstage反動(dòng)度degreeofreaction漸縮的converging漸擴(kuò)的diverging噴嘴，接管nozzle被稱為bereferredtoas缸體，箱體casing推力thrust拉金lashing除濕moistureremoval節(jié)流閥stop-throttlevalve扭矩torque每秒轉(zhuǎn)rev/s=revolutionspersecond每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)rpm=revolutionsperminute（十六）主蒸汽、給水與凝汽系統(tǒng)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)turbinegenerator汽動(dòng)給水泵turbinedrivenfeedwaterpump蒸汽排放steamdump汽水分離再熱器MoistureSeperatorReheater(MSR)密封蒸汽系統(tǒng)glandsteamsystem限流器flowrestrictor主蒸汽隔離閥mainsteamisolationvalve機(jī)組unit負(fù)荷load主蒸汽集管mainsteamheader給水聯(lián)箱feedwaterheader給水回?zé)嵫h(huán)regenerativefeedheatingcycle磨損wear污垢，結(jié)垢fouling裝量inventory蒸汽（旁路）排放steamdump冷凝器排放condensersteamdump大氣排放atmosphericsteamdump除氧器排放deoxidizersteamdump電纜electriccable輔助給水系統(tǒng)auxiliaryfeedwatersystem壓差differentialpressure,pressuredifferential,pressuredifference增壓泵boosterpump增壓boostpressure吸入口suction凝汽器condenser凝汽器熱阱condenserhotwell給水流量調(diào)節(jié)閥feedregulatingvalve給水調(diào)節(jié)旁通閥feedregulatingbypassvalve疏水drain階躍變化stepchange線性（斜坡）變化rampchange溢流閥overflowvalve工藝汽processsteam緊急停堆trip;scram停堆shutdown停堆，停堆期outrage手動(dòng)地manually自動(dòng)地automatically質(zhì)量流率massflowrate關(guān)斷閥shutoffvalve（美國(guó)）聯(lián)邦管理法規(guī)CFR=CodeofFederalRegulations凝結(jié)液condensate水頭，壓頭head汽機(jī)脫扣（甩負(fù)荷）turbinetrip（十七）核電廠運(yùn)行工藝熱processheat公用電網(wǎng)utilitygrid基礎(chǔ)負(fù)荷運(yùn)行baseloadoperation退役的outofservice運(yùn)行因子operationfactor負(fù)荷因子loadfac