從句練習(xí)答案

從句練習(xí)答案主要從句分析I.名詞從句（NominalClause）名詞從句是指在復(fù)合句中當(dāng)名詞使用的從句，它可以作主語，賓語，表語，同位語等，所以也相應(yīng)稱為主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句主要由以下幾種構(gòu)成。A.連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句1.Itiscommonlybelievedthatenvironmenthasaprofoundeffect/influenceonone’spersonality.普遍認(rèn)為環(huán)境對(duì)人的性格有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。2.Medicalsciencehasprovedthatanimalfatsandexcessiveintakeofsugardamagepeople’shealth.醫(yī)學(xué)已經(jīng)證明動(dòng)物脂肪和過量的糖分?jǐn)z入對(duì)健康有害。3.Thefactthatyoungpeoplenowadaysareself-centered,indifferentandinconsiderateislargelytheoutcomeoftheirparents’indulgenceintheirchildhood.當(dāng)今的年輕人以自我為中心，對(duì)人冷漠和不顧及他人，這很大程度上是孩童時(shí)期他們父母對(duì)他們過于縱容的結(jié)果。4.Animalrightactivistsclaimthatanimaltestsarecruel,immoralandunnecessary.動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)聲稱動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)很殘忍，不人道和沒必要。5.Theassumptionthatrobotswillmakehumansredundantandreplaceableisuntenable/groundless.認(rèn)為機(jī)器人將令人類變得多余和可替代的假設(shè)是站不住腳的。B.if,whether,whetherornot,whether…ornot引導(dǎo)從句，常接在know,wonder,doubt,care之后。Whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句可以作主語，動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語，而if從句卻只能作動(dòng)詞賓語，不能作主語或者介詞賓語。1.Thereisaheateddebateoverwhetherweshouldallowchildrentoplaycomputergames.關(guān)于該不該容許小孩打電子游戲有著一場激烈的爭論。2.Whetherornotcamerasshouldbeinstalledinpublicareashasarousedwidepublicconcern..該不該在公共場所安裝攝像機(jī)引發(fā)了公眾的廣泛關(guān)心。C.連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which等wh-詞既充當(dāng)連接詞，連接主語和從句，又在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的語法成分，作主語賓語和補(bǔ)語。1.IamnotsurewhoseideaIshouldagreewith.我不肯定我該贊成誰的意見。2.Wecan’timaginewhateffectsgarbagewillexertonourlives.我們很難想象垃圾將對(duì)我們的生活造成什么影響。3.Whoshouldberesponsibleforourseniorcitizenshasbeenwidelydiscussedinourcommunity.誰對(duì)我們的老人負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)問題在社區(qū)里被廣泛討論。4.Wearestillnotsurewhatbenefitsspaceexplorationwillbringus.我們還不清楚太空探索將給我們帶來什么好處。D.連接副詞：when,where,why,how1.Howwecanimprovethepresenttrafficsituationhasbeenwidelydiscussedinourcommunitythesedays.近來在我們社區(qū)人們廣泛討論如何改善交通現(xiàn)狀。2.Wherewecandisposeoftheincreasingrubbishisagreatheadachetomanygovernments.在哪兒處置日益增多的垃圾對(duì)于許多政府而言是個(gè)頭痛的事情。3.Inthisessay,Iintendtoexplorewhymanyyoungfemalescommitcrimesthesedays.在本文，我將探討為什么近年來許多青年婦女犯罪的問題。4.Thisdiagramdescribes/demonstrates/revealshowamicrowaveovenworks.該圖表描述了微波爐是怎樣工作的。5.Howthenuclearwastecanbeproperlydisposedofisanurgentproblemforscientistsandpoliticiansalike.如何恰當(dāng)?shù)靥幹煤藦U料對(duì)于科學(xué)家和政治家們是個(gè)迫切的問題。II.形容詞/定語從句（Adjective/RelativeClause）作定語用的從句一般都是用關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引起的，它不能單獨(dú)存在，只能從屬于某一主句。先行詞是關(guān)系代詞所修飾的一個(gè)詞或者詞組。A.關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that,as一方面代表定語從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或者代詞，一方面又在從句中擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分，如主語，賓語，表語或者定語。1.Thosepeoplewhosupportdeathpenaltyhavethefollowingreasons.那些支持死刑的人持有以下理由。2.TheDayCentreisestablishedtotakecareofthechildrenwhoseparentsworkduringtheday.日托中心是為了照料那些父母白天上班的小孩而建立的。3.Thosestudentswhoholdaforeigndegreeseemtobemoreself-confident,independentandwell-informed.擁有外國學(xué)位的學(xué)生似乎更加自信，獨(dú)立和見多識(shí)廣。4.Asisknowntoall,theInternetisaatwo-edgedsword.眾所周知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是把雙刃劍。5.Somepeoplearestronglyagainsttheproposalthatissetforthbyanimalrightsactivists.有些人強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)者提出的建議。6.Thebalancedintakeoffood,thevarietyoffoodandthepositivelifestylearetheonlythingsthatwillpreventpeoplefromgettingoverweight.均衡的食物攝入量，食物的多樣性和積極的生活方式就是使人不會(huì)肥胖的要素。7.Thosewomenwhoretreattocompletedomesticitytendtofeeldepressed,lonelyandlost.那些回家做全職太太的婦女往往感到沮喪，孤獨(dú)和失落。8.Ascanbeseenfromthepiechart,chickenhasthehighestpercentage/proportion,whichaccountsfor/makesup40%,whilefishhasthelowestpercentage,at10%如餅圖所示，雞肉的份額最大，占40%，而魚肉的比例最小，為10%。B.關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why1.Agapyearisaperiodoftimewhenhighschoolgraduatescantravel,dovolunteerworkortakecasualjobsbeforetheyfurthertheirstudyinuniversities.GAPYEAR是指中學(xué)畢業(yè)生在上大學(xué)前去旅游，做義工或者做臨時(shí)工的一段時(shí)間。2.Ilookforwardtoadaywhenwecanenjoyacleanandquietenvironment.我盼望著有一天能享有干凈和安靜的環(huán)境。3.Thezooisanidealresearchcenterwherescientistscandoexperimentsonanimalstodiscoverthecausesofsomediseasesandfindnewtreatment.動(dòng)物園是個(gè)理想的研究中心，科學(xué)家們可以在動(dòng)物身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)，找出一些疾病的成因并研制出新的療法。4.Thereasonwhymanyyoungstudentsgotostudyabroadisthattheycantastetheforeigncultureandmasteraforeignlanguage.許多年輕的學(xué)生去外國留學(xué)是因?yàn)樗麄冇袡C(jī)會(huì)品位外國文化和掌握一門外語。5.ThatisthereasonwhyIdonotsupporttheinstallationofcamerasinpublicareas.這就是我為什么不贊成在公共場所安裝攝像機(jī)的原因。II.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句◆定語從句可以分成限制性定語從句（restrictiveattributiveclauses）和非限制性定語從句（non-restrictiveattributiveclauses）兩種。限制性定語從句使修飾的詞代表一個(gè)（些）或一類特定的人或東西，對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限制，而非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞不起限制作用，僅是添加描述性內(nèi)容和補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容，省去它并不影響先行詞。1.Heisoneoftheboyswhoalwaysdowellatschool.——HeisJack’sbrother,whoalwaysdoeswellatschool.2.Heisamanwhohasdesignedmanywonderfulbuildings.3.LeiFeng,whogaveallhislifetothepeople,setagoodexampletous.4.Myfather,whoisafamouswriter,graduatedfromBeijingUniversity.5.WewillstayatahotelwhichislocatednearTiananmenSquare.6.WewillstayatTiananhotel,whichislocatednearTiananmenSquare.7.Herhusband,whoisajournalist,hasbeentoseveralcountries.8.Herhusbandwhoisajournalisthasbeentoseveralcountries.(Shehasseveralhusbands?)9.Beijingismyhometown,wheretherearemanyfamousscenicspotsworthvisiting.◆定語從句一般是修飾名詞或代詞的，但是間或也可以修飾整個(gè)句子或者是句子的一部分。1.Thewaiterswereindifferenttoourrequest,whichmadeusveryangry.服務(wù)員對(duì)我們的要求充耳不聞，令我們非常生氣。2.Theanimalexperimenthasbeencancelled,whichisexactlywhatweexpect.動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)被取消了，這正是我們所期望的。3.Hissonsurvivedintheaircrash,whichmadehimveryhappy.他的兒子在空難中幸免于難，令他非常開心。4.Manycarsareparkedalongthestreets,whichisthedirectcauseoftrafficcongestion.許多汽車停在路旁，這正是交通阻塞的直接原因。IV.關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的關(guān)系◆在all,everything,anything,none,little,fewmuch,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)后，關(guān)系代詞用that.1.Allwhattheantivivisectionistssayistrue.—Allthattheantivivisectionistssayistrue.2.Nothingwhatthegovernmentdoesisjustified.—Nothingthatthegovernmentdoesisjustified.◆what是一個(gè)本身包含著先行詞的（關(guān)系代詞），主句中不能再有先行詞，反之，若主句已經(jīng)有先行詞，則不能用what，而用that1.Thethingwhathepursuesisfameandmoney.—Thethingthathepursuesisfameandmoney.◆引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，不能用that或者what，應(yīng)該用which或者who1.Thegovernmentdecidedtoinvestmoneyinartisticprojects,whichangeredthepublicwhoareinurgentneedoffundsineducationandmedicalcare.2.Manyanimalsarecaged,chainedandkeptaspets,whichseriouslyviolatesthebasicrightofanimals.V.副詞/狀語從句狀語從句可以用來修飾謂語（或者其他動(dòng)詞），定語或者狀語，或者是整個(gè)句子。狀語從句可以用來表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，結(jié)果，條件，行為方式，比較關(guān)系，讓步等。狀語從句常由以下表示從屬關(guān)系的連詞引導(dǎo)出來。如：after,because,sothat,wherever,although,unless,asif,eventhough,while,aslongas,when,since,where等?！舯頃r(shí)間的狀語從句可以由when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,nowthat,once,solongas,assoonas詞引導(dǎo)。1.Aslongaseveryoneisfullyawareofthesignificanceofenvironmentalprotectionandtakessomeeffectivemeasures,Iamfullyconfidentthatwecanovercome\tacklethepollutionproblem.只要每個(gè)人都充分意識(shí)到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性，并采取有效措施，我堅(jiān)信我們一定能克服污染問題的。2.Destructionofthelandhasincreasedasthegrowingamountofnaturalvegetationisremovedtomakeroomformorehouses,roadsandhighways.隨著大量自然植被讓位于房屋，道路和高速公路，土地的破壞程度也日益增加。3.OurdietarystructurehasundergonedrasticchangessincewesternfastfoodwasintroducedintoChinaadecadeago.自從十年前西式快餐進(jìn)入中國后，我們的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了巨大變化。4.Somefeasiblestepsshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.在事態(tài)惡化之前，必須采取可行的步驟。5.Theenvironmentwillnotbeimproveduntilthedisposableproductsarebanned.只有禁用一次性產(chǎn)品，環(huán)境才有可能得到改善?！舯硎镜攸c(diǎn)的從句由Whereorwherever引導(dǎo)。1.Somemurdercasesalsooccurwherecamerasareinstalled.在安裝了攝像機(jī)的地方同樣也發(fā)生了一些謀殺案。2.Manyrareanimalsareonthevergeofextinctionwhereenvironmentalpollutionisserious.在環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重的地方，許多珍稀動(dòng)物處于滅跡的邊緣。3.Manypeopleprefertoshopwheretheycanbesureofquality.4.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。5.Thecrimeratesoarswheredrugsarerampant.在毒品猖獗的地方，犯罪率就急劇上升。◆表示原因的從句可以由as,because,since等引導(dǎo)。1.Sincestudentsareintheirformativeyears,sometimestheycannottellrightfromwrong.由于學(xué)生處于成型期，他們有時(shí)不能辨明是非。2.Ascomputersarewidelyusedinallaspectsofourdailylives,computerknowledgehasbecomeamusttoamodernman.由于電腦被廣泛使用于日常生活的方方面面，電腦知識(shí)成了現(xiàn)代人必備的知識(shí)。3.Animalsarewidelyusedinmedicalresearchbecausescientistscanconductexperimentsonthemtofindoutthecausesofsomediseasesandtheirtreatment.動(dòng)物被廣泛用于醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)家可以通過在它們身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)來找出某些疾病的原因并研制出治療方法。4.Afierceargumentwasinevitablebecausepeopleheldsomanydifferentviewsonthishottopic.由于人們對(duì)這熱點(diǎn)問題持有許多不同觀點(diǎn)，一場激烈的爭論在所難免?！舯硎灸康牡膹木淇梢杂蓆hat,sothat,inorderthat等引起。1.Nowadaysfarmersareusingavarietyofpesticidesandfertilizerssothattheycangrowbiggerharvests.現(xiàn)在，為了提高產(chǎn)量，農(nóng)民使用各種不同類型的殺蟲劑和肥料。2.Ourmunicipalgovernmentdecidestodemolishtheoldhousesinthecitycentersothatmoremodernhigh-risebuildingscanbeerected.市政府決定拆除市中心的舊房子，以便建設(shè)更多現(xiàn)代化的高層建筑。3.AsiatakesanIELTStrainingcourseatLongreIELTSTrainingSchoolsothatshecanachieveahigherscore.Asia在朗閣雅思學(xué)校參加雅思培訓(xùn)，目的是取得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。4.Morestrictlawsandregulationsshouldbeconstituted/establishedsothattherateofjuveniledelinquency/teenagecrimewillbelowered.應(yīng)當(dāng)制定更嚴(yán)厲的法律法規(guī)來降低青少年犯罪率。5.Weshouldavoideatingfoodwithhighfatandhighcaloriessothatwecanstayhealthy.為了身體健康，我們應(yīng)該避免吃含有高脂肪高熱量的食物。◆表示結(jié)果的從句可以由that,sothat,so…that,such….that等引導(dǎo)。1.Thecostofeducationisrisingsorapidlythatcollegestudentshavetotakeapart–timejobtorelievetheirparents’financialburden.教育費(fèi)用快速增長，不少大學(xué)生通過兼職來減輕父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。2.ManystudentsweresoboredbythelecturegivenbyMissAsiathattheyleftbeforetheendoftheclass.Asia老師的課太沉悶了，以至于很多學(xué)生課還沒下就走了。3.Thesocialcompetitionissofiercethatmanypeoplesufferfrominsomniaanddepression.社會(huì)競爭太激烈了，許多人患有失眠癥和抑郁癥。4.Insomniabecomessoprevalentthatithasdrawntheattentionofdoctorsworldwide.失眠癥太普遍了，引起了全世界醫(yī)生的關(guān)注。5.Robotsareusedsowidelythatmanyworkersarelaidoff.機(jī)器人被廣泛運(yùn)用，以至于許多工人被裁員?！舯硎緱l件的從句可以由if,unless,suppose,incase,solongas,sofaras,providedthat等引導(dǎo)。1.IshouldbeverygratefulifyouwouldconsiderMissAsia’sapplication.如您能考慮Asia小姐的申請(qǐng)，我將不勝感激。2.Pleasedonothesitatetocontactusifyouneedanyfurtherinformationabouthisexperienceandqualification.如果您需要有關(guān)他資歷的更多情況，請(qǐng)隨時(shí)與我們聯(lián)系。3.Ifthematterisnotproperlysettled,Iwillaskforafullrefund,orIwillfileacomplaintwiththeConsumers’Association.如果此事未能得到妥善解決，我要求你給我全額退款，否則我將投訴到消委會(huì)。4.Ifyouoverindulgeinplayingcomputergames,youaresuretolackemotionalcontactwithyourfamilymembersandfriends.如果過分沉迷于打游戲機(jī)，你肯定會(huì)與家人和朋友缺乏足夠的感情交流。5.IfIamaskedtomakeachoicebetweenthetwovi