2016年6月至2021年6月CATTI英語三級筆譯實務真題及答案

2016.6-2021.11CATTI英語三級筆譯實務真題2021.61.英譯漢Areyouhavingdifficultyfollowingdiets?Ourlivesarewaymorecomplexthanthosewhichallowustosticktoamonotonousrestrictivediet.FoodpsychologistRidhiGolechha（里迪·格萊）said,"Ifallofuscouldfollowdiets,we'dallhavereachedourgoals.Real-lifestressessuchaslockdownanxiety,relationshipconflicts,workload,financialstresses,exasperatingparenting,teenagedrama,andsomuchmoredirectlyimpacthowwefeelandbyvirtue,whatweeat.If,onpaper,dietsweresoeasytofollow,thenwe'dallbepartofthattinytenpercentofpeopleintheworld(athletesmodels,oractresses)-whoarepermanentlyfit.”Weallknowofthoseroughdayswhenallwewantistoodrownourfacesinatuboficecreamorreachoutforthatmeltingchocolatecake."Emotionaleatingisnothingbuteatingouremotions.we'reallhumanwithemotionsandhunger.Bythatdefinition,allofusareemotionaleaters,weturntofoodwhenwe'reoverwhelmedwithanger,sadnessfrustration,oranyothersignificantemotion"explainedRidhi.There’sareasonwhythebutterflycomesbacktosucksweetnectarfromtheflowers,inturnpollinatingtherestofthegarden.Humans,muchlikeanimals.Birds,andinsects,arehardwiredforpleasure.Buthere'sthecatch:wehumansareafraidofcheesyPizza,they'llbeoverwhelmedwithpleasure,losecontrol,andendupfinishingthewholePizza.Wefearthiswouldresultinafaileddiet,weightgain,andmassiveguilt,soweavoiditaltogether.But,itdoesn'twork.“Biologysuggestsotherwise.Likeeveryotherspecies,homosapienswerealsobuiltforsurvival.Itispleasurethatdriveshumanstorepeatthefeel-goodbehaviourendlessly,”explainedRidhi.Whendoesemotionaleatingbecomeworrisome?"Largely,there'snothingwrongwiththat.Wedoeattomanageandcopewithourfeelings,especiallythosethatdon'tfeelsogood,becauseeatingitselfissobiologicallyrewarding.It'scompletelyokayifwe'redoingitonceinawhile,becauseasIsaidwe'reallevolutionarilywiredtoemotionaleating.However,ifwereconstantlydependingonfoodtoswallowourdifficultemotionsanddiscomforts,leavinguswithafeelingofguiltconstantlyattheendofit,thendefinitely,weneedtoworkonit”,saidRidhi.Whatcanwedotoreduceemotionaleating?AccordingtoRidhi,thereasonwefaildietsisthatwetrytofightbiologyandsuppressouremotions,whichonlyworkstemporarily.Tomakelong-lastingchanges,wemustaddressthetootcausesofemotionaleating.Hereareafewtipstogetyoustarted:First,don'tskipmeals.Starvingoftenconfusesyourbiologicalhungerdrivesandmakesyoumorevulnerabletoeatyouremotions.Second,understandthedifferencebetweenactualphysicalhungerversusemotionalhunger.Third,makealistofthetopthreeemotionsyoufeelweaklyandstartfindingdifferentwaystocopewiththem.Fourth,talktoanexpert.It'sbetternottoignoreyouremotionaleatingsinceitcanlatercausehealthissueslikedifferentthatwilltakeawayyoururgebydistractingyoumomentarily.Emotionaleatingisamessagethatrevealsadeeperproblem.Understandingyourselfandthewayyoueatcanaddresstherootcausesandenableyoutolivealifethatisbeyondfoodobsessionsandthefearoffailingyourdiets.答案：你覺得節(jié)食困難嗎？生活總是情況復雜，令我們難以落實單調(diào)乏味的節(jié)食減肥食譜。飲食心理學家里迪格·萊查表示：“如果人人都能按照節(jié)食減肥食譜進食，減肥目標早就實現(xiàn)了。實際生活中總有各種壓力，例如疫情封鎖導致的焦慮情緒壓力、人際沖突壓力、工作負載壓力，經(jīng)濟壓力、育兒壓力、青春期壓力等等，都更直接地影響著我們的心理感受，從而進一步影響我們的飲食狀況。要是節(jié)食真的像白紙黑字寫得那樣簡單，那么人人都能像運動員、模特、女演員一樣，長期保持完美身材了。而事實上，能長期保持完美身材的人群僅占全球人口的十分之一。”我們都有過境遇不順的時候，只想要把臉埋進一桶冰激凌中，或是急切尋找一塊爆漿巧克力蛋糕。里迪說：“情緒性進食，其實就是通過進食來發(fā)泄情緒。情緒和食欲是人之常情。從這一點說，所有人都會情緒性進食，受到憤怒、悲傷、挫折、或其他情感強烈沖擊的時候，我們都會通過進食來尋求慰藉。這就是為什么蝴蝶回來從花朵中吸取甜蜜的花蜜，進而為花園的其他部分授粉的原因。人類，很像動物。鳥類和昆蟲天生就是追求快樂的。但這里有一個陷阱：我們?nèi)祟惡ε履汤遗_，但是他們會被快樂淹沒，失去控制，最終吃掉整個披薩。我們害怕這將導致飲食的失敗，體重增加，和巨大的內(nèi)疚，所以我們完全避免它。但是，它并沒有什么效果?！吧飳W表明并非如此。和其他物種一樣，智人也是為生存而生。正是這種快感驅使人類無休止地重復這種感覺良好的行為，”迪格·萊查解釋道。情緒化進食什么時候會變得令人擔憂?“基本上，這沒什么錯。我們通過吃來控制和處理我們的感覺，尤其是那些感覺不太好的感覺，因為吃本身就是一種生物獎勵。如果我們偶爾這樣做是完全可以的，因為就像我說的，我們都進化到情緒化進食。然而，如果我們一直依賴食物來緩解我們的情緒和不適，最終會讓我們產(chǎn)生一種負罪感，那么肯定需要解決。”我們能做些什么來減少情緒化進食呢？根據(jù)迪格·萊查的說法，我們節(jié)食失敗的原因是我們試圖與生理斗爭，抑制我們的情緒，這只是暫時的。要做出持久的改變，我們必須解決情緒化進食的根本原因。這里有一些建議可以幫助你開始:首先，不要不吃飯。饑餓常常會擾亂你的生理饑餓驅動，讓你更容易消化你的情緒。第二，理解實際的身體饑餓和情感饑餓之間的區(qū)別。第三，列出你感覺軟弱的前三種情緒，然后開始尋找不同的方法來處理它們。第四，與專家交談。最好不要忽視你的情緒化進食，因為它會導致健康問題，比如通過暫時分散你的注意力來消除你的沖動。情緒化進食揭示了一個更深層次的問題。了解你自己和你的飲食方式可以解決根本原因，使你的生活超越對食物的癡迷和對飲食失敗的恐懼。2.漢譯英：第七次人口普查2020年11月中國開始了第七次人工普查。人口普查將為開啟全面建設社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程提供科學準確的統(tǒng)計信息支持。人口普查是推動經(jīng)濟高質量發(fā)展的內(nèi)在需求。當前，我國經(jīng)濟正處于轉變發(fā)展方式，優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結構轉換增長動力的攻關期。及時查清人口數(shù)量、結構和分布這一基本國情，摸清人力資源結構信息，才能夠更加準確地把握需求結構、城鄉(xiāng)結構、區(qū)域結構、產(chǎn)業(yè)結構等狀況，為推動經(jīng)濟高質量發(fā)展，建設現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系提供有力的支持。人口普查，是完善人口發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和政策體系，促進人口長期均衡發(fā)展的迫切需要。自2010年第六次全國人口普查以來，我國人口發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動力和外部條件發(fā)生了顯著改變。人口總規(guī)模增長減緩，勞動年齡人口波動下降，老齡化程度不斷加深。全面查清我國人口數(shù)量、結構、分布、城鄉(xiāng)住房等方面的最新情況，了解人口增長、勞動力供給、流動人口變化情況，摸清老年人口規(guī)模，為制定和完善未來收入、消費、教育、就業(yè)、養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療、社會保障等政策措施提供基礎，也為教育和醫(yī)療機構布局、兒童和老人服務設施建設、工商業(yè)服務網(wǎng)點分布、城鄉(xiāng)道路建設等提供依據(jù)。人口普查工作從方案制定、物資準備、試點、人員培訓、入戶登記到數(shù)據(jù)處理等一切工作都離不開人，隊伍建設非常重要。能否組織好人口普查隊伍，能否做好普查人員的選調(diào)，直接影響到普查的工作質量和數(shù)據(jù)質量。答案：ChinacarriedoutitsSeventhNationalPopulationCensusinNovember,2020.ThecensuswillprovidescientificandaccuratestatisticalinformationsupportforChinatoembarkonanewjourneytowardbuildingamodernsocialistcountry.Thecensusreflectstheinternalneedfortheadvancementofhighqualityeconomicdevelopment.Atpresent,China’seconomyisinthecriticalperiodoftransformingthedevelopmentmode,optimizingtheeconomicstructure,andtransformingthegrowthmomentum.Thecensusdatacanhelptofigureoutthesize,structureanddistributionofChina'spopulation,aswellasthestructureofhumanresources.Allthesecanhelpusaccuratelygrasptheinformationaboutthepatternofdomesticdemands,theurbanandruralstructure,regionalstructureandindustrialstructure,thusfurtherpromotinghighqualityeconomicdevelopmentandsupportingthebuildingofamoderneconomicsystem.Thecensusisthe

urgent

needofimprovingChina'spopulationdevelopmentstrategyandpolicy,andfacilitatinglong-termandbalancedpopulationdevelopment.SincetheSixthNationalPopulationCensusin2010,thesignificantchangeshavetakenplaceintheinternalmotivationandexternalconditionsofChina'spopulationdevelopment,suchastheslowingdowngrowthrateofChina'stotalpopulation,adecreaseinthepopulationofworkingagepeople,

thefurtherimposingagingofthepopulation.TheSeventhNationalPopulationCensusofferedagoodunderstandinginmanyaspects,suchasthesize,structure,distributionandurbanandruralhousing,andgrowthofChina'spopulation,thesupplyoflabor,thefloatingpopulation,theelderly

populationandsoon,whichnotonlylaysthefoundationforformulatingandimprovingthepoliciesandmeasuresaboutfutureincome,consumption,education,employment,servicesfortheelderly,medicalcare,socialsecurity,butalsoprovidesthebasisforlayoutofeducationalandmedicalinstitutions,constructionofservicefacilitiesforchildrenandtheelderly,distributionofindustrialandcommercialserviceoutlets,urbanandruralroadconstruction,etc.Aseriesofworkofthepopulationcensusisinseparablefromworkers,fromplanformulation,materialpreparation,pilot,trainingofthestaff,on-siteregistrationtodataprocessing,soteam

constructionisofgreatimportance.Whethertoorganizethecensusteamwellandwhethertoselectandtransferthecensusstaffwelldirectlyaffectthequalityofthecensusworkanddataquality.2020.111.英譯漢InDecember2019,aclusterofpneumoniacaseswerefound.ScientistsbelievethatItwascausedbyapreviouslyunknownvirus-NownamedCOVID-19.Coronaviruseshavetheappearanceofacrown.CrowninLatiniscalled"corona"andthat'showthesevirusesgottheirname.Therearedifferenttypesofcoronavirusesthatcauserespiratoryandsometimesgastrointestinalofsymptoms.It'sknownthatcoronavirusescirculateinarangeofanimals.ButtheanimalswhichtransmitCOVID-19arenotknownyet.Andtheexactdynamicsofhowthevirusistransmittedisyettobedetermined.Fromwhatisknownsofar,therecanbeanumberofsymptomsrangingfrommildtosevere.Therecanbefeverandrespiratorysymptomssuchascoughandshortnessofbreath.Inmoreseverecases,there'sbeenpneumonia,kidneyfailureanddeath.Thereiscurrentlynospecificmedicationforthevirusandtreatmentissupportivecare.Thereiscurrentlynovaccinetoprotectagainstthevirus.Treatmentandvaccinesareindevelopment.Nevertheless,wearecommittedtocombattingtheCOVID-19epidemic.It'scertainlytroublingthatsomanypeopleandcountrieshavebeenaffected,soquickly.Nowthatthevirushasafootholdinsomanycountries,thethreatofapandemichasbecomeveryreal.Butitwouldbethefirstpandemicinhistorythatcouldbecontrolled.Thebottomlineis:wearenotatthemercyofthisvirus.Thegreatadvantagewehaveisthatthedecisionsweallmake-asgovernments,businesses,communities,familiesandindividuals-caninfluencethetrajectoryoftheepidemic.Weneedtorememberthatwithdecisive,earlyaction,wecanslowdownthevirusandpreventinfections.Amongthosewhoareinfected,mostwillrecover.It'salsoimportanttorememberthatlookingonlyatthetotalnumberofreportedcasesandthetotalnumberofcountriesdoesn'ttellthefullstory.Thisisanunevenepidemicatthegloballevel.Differentcountriesareindifferentscenarios,requiringatailoredresponse.It'snotaboutcontainmentormitigation.It'saboutboth.Allcountriesmusttakeacomprehensiveblendedstrategyforcontrollingtheirepidemicsandpushingthisdeadlyvirusback.Countriesthatcontinuefindingandtestingcasesandtracingtheircontactsnotonlyprotecttheirownpeople,theycanalsoaffectwhathappensinothercountriesandglobally.TheWHOhasconsolidateditsguidanceforcountriesinfourcategories:thosewithnocase;thosewithsporadiccases;thosewithclusters;andthosewithcommunitytransmission.Forallcountries,theaimisthesame:stoptransmissionandpreventthespreadofthevirus.Forthefirstthreecategories,countriesmustfocusonfinding,testing,treatingandisolatingindividualcasesandfollowingtheircontacts.Inareaswithcommunityspread,testingeverysuspectedcaseandtracingtheircontactsbecomemorechallenging.Actionmustbetakentopreventtransmissionatthecommunityleveltoreducetheepidemictomanageableclusters.答案：2019年12月，出現(xiàn)了多起不明肺炎病例。后來，科學家將導致這些病例的未知病毒命名為新型冠狀病毒肺炎COVID-19。冠狀病毒外形類似皇冠，皇冠一詞在拉丁語中叫做“corona”，因此，冠狀病毒得名“coronavirus”。冠狀病毒分為多種類型，都可引起呼吸道癥狀，有時也會導致胃腸道癥狀。目前已知冠狀病毒能在許多動物間傳播，但是具體哪些動物會傳播新冠病毒仍無從知曉。新冠病毒傳播的確切機制也暫無定論。就目前所知，感染新冠病毒會出現(xiàn)許多癥狀，輕則出現(xiàn)發(fā)燒及咳嗽、氣喘等呼吸道癥狀，重則可能發(fā)生肺炎、腎衰竭，甚至死亡。目前治療新型冠狀肺炎暫時沒有特效藥，也沒有疫苗可用，只能采取維持療法。療法與疫苗均處于研究開發(fā)階段。即便如此，我們依然致力于抗擊新冠肺炎疫情。當前全球疫情迅速蔓延，對許多國家和民眾產(chǎn)生了危害性影響，狀況實在令人擔憂。新冠肺炎雖然波及眾多國家，情況岌岌可危，但是，新冠肺炎疫情也可能成為有史以來第一個可以人為控制的流行病。我們的底線是，絕不坐以待斃。作為政府、企業(yè)、社會、家庭和個人，我們的選擇能夠影響疫情的發(fā)展軌跡，這是我們的顯著優(yōu)勢。我們必須牢記，只要盡早果斷采取行動，就能減緩病毒蔓延，防止疫情傳播。大部分感染病毒的患者都能恢復健康。我們還需牢記，僅僅關注感染病例總數(shù)和疫情國家數(shù)量并不能了解事態(tài)全貌。全球各地的疫情并不均衡，各國所處的情況也不盡相同，這就需要我們針對實際情況，采取具體措施。各國均必須采取多項綜合措施，遏制疫情蔓延。持續(xù)尋找病例、檢測病例，追蹤患者接觸軌跡，這不但能夠保護本國人民，更能對他國乃至全球疫情產(chǎn)生有利影響。世界衛(wèi)生組織針對四類國家制定了指導方針：沒有病例的國家，病例較少的國家，出現(xiàn)集群性病例的國家，出現(xiàn)社區(qū)傳播的國家。各國的目標都是一致的：杜絕疫情傳播，防止病毒蔓延。前三類國家必須集中精力尋找、檢測、治療、隔離每位感染者，追蹤其感染接觸軌跡。在出現(xiàn)社區(qū)傳播的地區(qū)，檢測所有疑似病例并追蹤接觸軌跡難度更大。我們必須在社區(qū)層面采取措施，防止疫情傳播，將疫情遏制在可管控的集群范圍內(nèi)。2.漢譯英水稻是世界上最主要的糧食作物之一，世界一半以上人口（包括中國60%以上人口）都以稻米作為主食。中國是世界上最早種植水稻的國家，至今已有7000年左右的歷史，當前水稻產(chǎn)量占全國糧食作物產(chǎn)量近一半。水稻作為主要的糧食，無論對中國還是對世界的重要性都是不言而喻的。中國在超級雜交水稻（superhybridrice）生產(chǎn)方面成就突出，關鍵人物便是袁隆平。被譽為“中國雜交水稻之父”。他的名字不僅在中國家喻戶曉，在國際上也享有盛譽。袁隆平于上世紀60年代開始雜交水稻研究。他帶領科研團隊使中國雜交水稻一直領先于世界水平，不僅不斷實現(xiàn)雜交水稻的高產(chǎn)量目標，而且在生產(chǎn)實踐中不斷推廣應用，從實際上解決了中國人吃飯難的問題。袁隆平還多次到美國、印度等國家傳授技術，為30多個國家和地區(qū)的政府官員和科研工作者講學，促進雜交水稻技術造福世界。1987年11月3日，聯(lián)合國教科文組織在巴黎總部向袁隆平頒發(fā)科學獎，認為他的科研成果是“第二次綠色革命”。2004年，袁隆平獲得世界糧食獎（theWorldFoodPrize），表彰他為人類提供營養(yǎng)豐富、數(shù)量充足的糧食所做出的突出貢獻。答案:Rice,oneofthemostimportantfoodcropsintheworld,isthestablefoodformorethanhalfthepeopleontheearth(includingmorethan60%Chinesepeople).IthasbeenplantedinChina,itsearliestgrower,forsome7000years.Byfar,thisplanthascontributedtoabouthalfofthefoodgrainoutputacrossChina.Asoneofthemajorgraincrops,ricegoesbeyondsayinginitssignificanceforbothChinaandtherestoftheworld.ChinaboastsremarkableachievementsintheproductionofsuperhybridricethankstoYuanLongping,whofathersChina’ssuperhybridrice,ahouseholdnameinChinaandareputablescientistabroad.Yuan,startedhisresearchessince1960s,hasbeenspearheadingaresearchteamthatkeepsChina’shybridriceonthecuttingedgearoundtheglobewithupgradingoutputgoalsandextendingproductionapplications,thuscrushingtheproblemofhowtofeedalltheChinesepeople.YuanvisitedtheUSAandIndiaformanytimesandlecturedforthegovernmentofficersandscienceresearchersfrommorethan30nationsandregionstopromotethetechniquesofsuperhybridriceforthebenefitofall.November3,1987,UNESCOawardedYuanwithSciencePrizeatitsheadquartersinParisandrecognizedhisfindingsas“theSecondGreenRevolution”.2004,YuanwontheWorldFoodPrizeforhisoutstandingcontributioninprovidinghumanswithawealthofnutritiousfood.2019.111.英譯漢?In?today’s?interconnected?world,?culture's?power?to?transformsocieties?is?clear.?Its?diverse?manifestations?–?from?our?cherished?historicmonuments?and?museums?to?traditional?practices?and?contemporary?art?forms?–enrich?our?everyday?lives?in?countless?ways.?Heritage?constitutes?a?source?ofidentity?and?cohesion?for?communities?disrupted?by?bewildering?change?andeconomic?instability.?Creativity?contributes?to?building?open,?inclusive?andpluralistic?societies.?Both?heritage?and?creativity?lay?the?foundations?forvibrant,?innovative?and?prosperous?knowledge?societies.???What?is?culture??Culture?is?who?we?are?and?what?shapes?ouridentity.?No?development?can?be?sustainable?without?including?culture.?UNESCOensures?that?the?role?of?culture?is?recognized?through?a?majority?of?theSustainable?Development?Goals?(SDGs),?including?those?focusing?on?qualityeducation,?sustainable?cities,?the?environment,?economic?growth,?sustainableconsumption?and?production?patterns,?peaceful?and?inclusive?societies,?genderequality?and?food?security.?UNESCO?is?convinced?that?no?development?can?besustainable?without?a?strong?culture?component.To?ensure?that?culture?takes?its?rightful?place?in?developmentstrategies?and?processes,?UNESCO?has?adopted?a?three-pronged?approach:?itspearheads?worldwide?advocacy?for?culture?and?development,?while?engaging?withthe?international?community?to?set?clear?policies?and?legal?frameworks?andworking?on?the?ground?to?support?governments?and?local?stakeholders?tosafeguard?heritage,?strengthen?creative?industries?and?encourage?cultural?pluralism.???Today,?creativity?is?emerging?as?one?of?the?most?promisingavenues?for?changing?how?we?see?cities.?Whether?by?revitalizing?the?localeconomy,?rethinking?transport?or?housing?policies,?reclaiming?urban?spaces,?oropening?up?new?horizons?for?young?people,?creativity?is?one?of?the?drivingforces?behind?urban?policies?and?initiatives.?Cities?worldwide?are?focusingtheir?attention?on?the?cultural?and?creative?industries?as?an?inspiration?fortheir?future.?This?vision?is?promoted?by?elected?representatives?and?citypolicy-makers,?who?see?it?as?a?strategic?lever?for?innovation?when?it?comes?totackling?contemporary?urban?issues,?whether?on?an?economic,?social?orenvironmental?front.?More?importantly,?however,?it?is?a?vision?shared?by?professionalsand?citizens,?who?are?taking?action?in?their?own?neighborhoods?and?communitiesto?build?more?sustainable?and?more?human?cities.?This?vision?of?creative?urban?governance?is?the?driving?forcebehind?the?UNESCO?Creative?Cities?Programme?and?Network?(聯(lián)合國教科文組織創(chuàng)意城市網(wǎng)絡).?Since?its?creation?in?2004,the?Network?has?established?itself?as?a?strategic?platform?for?promoting?andsharing?this?new?approach?to?sustainable?cities.?Through?its?standard-settingand?operational?actions,?UNESCO?has?paved?the?way?for?demonstrating?theessential?role?of?creativity?in?urban?sustainability,?assisting?national?andlocal?authorities?and?advocating?this?vision?at?an?international?level.?Culture?and?creativity?play?a?key?role?in?sustainable?urbandevelopment.?They?contribute?to?diversifying?the?economy?and?generating?jobsbut?they?also?enhance?the?quality?of?life?of?citizens?by?participating?to?acity’s?social?structure?and?cultural?diversity.?答案：在今天這個相互關聯(lián)的世界里，文化改變社會的力量是顯而易見的。它多樣的表現(xiàn)形式——從我們珍視的歷史遺跡和博物館到傳統(tǒng)習俗和當代藝術形式——以無數(shù)方式豐富了我們的日常生活。遺產(chǎn)是被令人困惑的變化和經(jīng)濟不穩(wěn)定擾亂的社區(qū)的身份和凝聚力的來源。創(chuàng)造力有助于建設開放、包容和富有吸引力的社會。遺產(chǎn)和創(chuàng)造力為充滿活力、創(chuàng)新和繁榮的知識社會奠定了基礎。什么是文化?文化是我們是誰，是什么塑造了我們的身份。沒有文化，任何發(fā)展都是不可持續(xù)的。教科文組織確保文化的作用通過大多數(shù)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標得到承認，包括那些注重質量教育、可持續(xù)城市、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟增長、可持續(xù)消費和生產(chǎn)模式、和平和包容性社會、性別平等和糧食安全的目標。教科文組織堅信，沒有強大的文化成分，任何發(fā)展都是不可持續(xù)的。???為了確保文化在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和進程中占據(jù)應有的位置，教科文組織采取了一種三管齊下的方法:它的倡導者在世界范圍內(nèi)倡導文化和發(fā)展，同時與國際社會一道制定明確的政策和法律框架，并在實地支持政府和地方利益攸關方保護遺產(chǎn)、加強創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)和鼓勵文化多元化。??今天，創(chuàng)造力正成為改變我們對城市看法的最有希望的場所之一。無論是通過振興地方經(jīng)濟、重新思考交通或住房政策、開拓城市空間，還是為年輕人開辟新天地，創(chuàng)造力都是城市政策和舉措背后的驅動力之一。世界各地的城市都把注意力集中在文化和創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)上，以此來激勵他們的未來。??各地當選代表與城市決策者也紛紛對這一愿景持贊同態(tài)度，在戰(zhàn)略層面上，將創(chuàng)意視為解決經(jīng)濟、社會與環(huán)境等當代城市問題的創(chuàng)新之道。然而，更為重要地是，這是專業(yè)人士與普通市民的共同愿景，他們從自我所在的社區(qū)與街道開始做起，一道攜手共建更加可持續(xù)與更為人性化的城市。????創(chuàng)新城市管理的這一愿景推動著聯(lián)合國教科文組織創(chuàng)意城市網(wǎng)絡一往無前，自2004年創(chuàng)立伊始，創(chuàng)意城市網(wǎng)絡已成為促進和分享可持續(xù)發(fā)展城市新路線的戰(zhàn)略平臺。聯(lián)合國教科文組織通過設定標準的實操，在城市可持續(xù)性方面展示了創(chuàng)意的關鍵作用，協(xié)助國家政府與地方當局在國際層面倡導這項愿景。文化與創(chuàng)意在城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用，這不但有助于實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟多元化發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會，還能通過參與建設城市的社會結構與文化多樣性，改善市民的生活質量。2.漢譯英作為中國浙江省省會城市，杭州是中國著名歷史文化名城。距今約5300多年的良渚文化遺址（位于杭州余杭區(qū)）是中華文明發(fā)祥地之一。杭州以美麗的山水著稱于世。中國古代諺語“上有天堂，下有蘇杭”表達出古往今來人們對于這座美麗城市的由衷喜愛。位于杭州西南的西湖，以其秀麗的湖光山色和眾多名勝古跡而成為聞名中外的旅游勝城，2011年被正式列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。此外，氣勢浩蕩的錢江大潮，每年吸引無數(shù)游客。杭州擁有豐富的歷史文化遺跡。南起杭州，北到北京的京杭大運河始建于1631年，全長約1797公里，是世界上最長、最古老的人工水道。2014年6月22日，京杭大運河正式入選《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。在世界上，杭州也頗具有知名度。13世紀，意大利著名旅行家馬可?波羅（MarcoPolo）在游記中贊嘆杭州為“世界上最美麗之城”。2011年，杭州曾被美國《紐約時報》評為全球41個旅游城市之一，被聯(lián)合國評為“國際花園城市”。杭州還曾在中美建交過程中扮演重要角色，2015年1月，中國提出發(fā)展“旅游外交”。杭州作為著名旅游城市，又率先實踐“旅游外交”。答案：AsthecapitalcityofZhejiangProvince,HangzhouisafamoushistoricalandculturalcityinChina.LocatedinYuhangDistrict,Hangzhou,theArchaeologicalSitesofLiangzhuCulturedatingbacktoapproximate5,300yearsago,isoneofthebirthplacesofChinesecivilization.Hangzhouisfamousforitsbeautifulsceneriesaroundtheworld.JustastheancientChineseproverbsaysthat"bothSuzhouandHangzhouareasbeautifulasparadises”,peoplethroughtheageshavebeenexpressingtheirsincereloveforsuchabeautifulcity.TheWestLakelocatedinthesouthwestofHangzhou,isaworld-renownedtouristattractionwithitsbeautifulsceneriesoflakesandmountainsandmanyhistoricalsites.ItwasofficiallyincludedintheWorldHeritageListin2011;moreover,themightyQiantangjiangRiverisattractingcountlesstouristseveryyear.

Hangzhouisrichinhistoricalandculturalrelics.Forinstance,theGrandCanalextendedfromBeijinginthenorthtoHangzhouinthesouth,wasfoundedin1631.Withatotallengthofabout1,797kilometers,itisthelongestartificialwaterwaywiththeoldesthistoryintheworldwide.OnJune22,2014,itwasofficiallyselectedintotheWorldHeritageList.

Hangzhoualsoenjoysahighreputationintheglobe.Inthe13thcentury,thefamousItaliantravelerMarcoPolopraisedHangzhouas"themostbeautifulcityintheworld"inhistravelnotes.In2011,Hangzhouwasnotonlynamedasoneoftheworld’s41touristcitiesbytheNewYorkTimes,butalsowasselectedasan“InternationalGardenCity"bytheUnitedNations.ThiscityhasonceplayedanimportantroleintheprocessoftheestablishmentofSino-USdiplomaticrelations.InJanuary2015,"tourismdiplomacy"wasproposedtodevelopbyChina.Asafamoustouristcity,Hangzhoutooktheleadinputting"tourismdiplomacy"intopracticeagain.2018.111.英譯漢Tracesofmicroplasticsandhazardouschemicalsfoundinmajorityofsnowandicesamplestakenearlierthisyear.PlasticandtracesofhazardouschemicalshavebeenfoundinAntarctica,oneoftheworld’slastgreatwildernesses,accordingtoanewstudy.Researchersspentthreemonthstakingwaterandsnowsamplesfromremoteareasofthecontinentearlierthisyear.Thesehavenowbeenanalysedandresearchershaveconfirmedthemajoritycontained“persistenthazardouschemicals”ormicroplastics.Thefindingscomeamidgrowingconcernabouttheextentoftheplasticpollutioncrisiswhichscientistshavewarnedrisks“permanentcontamination”oftheplanet.Earlierthisweek,theUNwarneditisoneoftheworld’sbiggestenvironmentalthreatsandsaidalthough60countriesweretakingurgentactionmoreneededtobedone.ThenewreportbyresearchersatGreenpeaceispartofglobalcampaigntocreatetheworld’sbiggestoceansanctuaryintheseasaroundAntarcticatoprotectthefragileecosystemfromindustrialfishingandclimatechange.FridaBengtsson,ofGreenpeace’sProtecttheAntarcticcampaign,saidthefindingsprovedthateventhemostremoteareasoftheplanetwerenotimmunefromtheimpactofmanmadepollution.“Weneedactionatsource,tostopthesepollutantsendingupintheAntarcticinthefirstplace,andweneedanAntarcticoceansanctuarytogivespaceforpenguins,whalesandtheentireecosystemtorecoverfromthepressuresthey’refacing,”shesaid.Sevenoftheeightsea-surfacewatersamplestestedcontainedmicroplasticssuchasmicrofibres.Sevenoftheninesnowsamplestestedcontaineddetectableconcentrationsofthepersistenthazardouschemicals–polyfluorinatedalkylatedsubstances,orPFAS.Researcherssaidthechemicalsarewidelyusedinmanyindustrialprocessesandconsumerproductsandhavebeenlinkedtoreproductiveanddevelopmentalissuesinwildlife.Theysaidthesnowsamplesgatheredincludedfreshlyfallensnow,suggestingthehazardouschemicalshadcomefromcontaminatedrainorsnowfall.ProfAlexRogers,aspecialistinsustainableoceansattheOxfordMartinschool,OxfordUniversity,saidthediscoveryofplasticsandchemicalsinAntarcticaconfirmedthatmanmadepollutantswerenowaffectingecosystemsineverycorneroftheworld.Andhewarnedtheconsequencesofthispervasivecontaminationremainedlargelyunknown.“Thebigquestionnowiswhataretheactualconsequencesoffindingthisstuffhere?Manyofthesechemicalsareprettynastyandastheymoveupthefoodchaintheymaybehavingseriousconsequencesforthehealthofwildlife,andultimatelyhumans.Theeffectsofmicroplasticsonmarinelife,likewise,arelargelynotunderstood,”hesaid.ThereisrelativelylittledataontheextentofmicroplasticsinAntarcticwaters,andresearcherssaidtheyhopedthisnewstudywouldleadtoagreaterunderstandingoftheglobalextentofplasticandchemicalpollutants.Bengtssonsaid:“Plastichasnowbeenfoundinallcornersofouroceans,fromtheAntarctictotheArcticandatthedeepestpointoftheocean,theMarianatrench.Weneedurgentactiontoreducetheflowofplasticintoourseasandweneedlarge-scalemarinereserves–likeahugeAntarcticoceansanctuarywhichover1.6millionpeoplearecallingfor–toprotectmarinelifeandouroceansforfuturegenerations.”答案：在今年早些時候采集的大部分冰雪樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微量塑料和有害化學物質。一項新的研究表明，研究人員在南極洲發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料和有害化學物質，這是世界上最后的幾片荒野之一。今年早些時候，研究人員花了三個月的時間從大陸偏遠地區(qū)采集了水和雪的樣本。目前已經(jīng)對這些物質進行了分析，研究人員證實，其中大部分都含有“持久性危險化學物質”或微塑料。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)正值人們對塑料污染危機程度日益擔憂之際?？茖W家們警告稱，塑料污染危機可能給地球帶來“永久性傷害”。本周早些時候，聯(lián)合國說，盡管有60個國家正在采取更為迫切的行動，但其警告稱，這是世界上最大的環(huán)境威脅之一。綠色和平組織研究人員的最新報告是全球保護行動的一部分，目的是在南極洲周圍海域創(chuàng)建世界上最大的海洋保護區(qū)，以保護脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)免受捕撈業(yè)和氣候變化的影響。綠色和平組織保護南極運動的FridaBengtsson說，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)證明即使是地球上最偏遠的地區(qū)也無法免受人為污染的影響。她說:“我們需要從源頭上采取行動，首先阻止這些污染物進入南極。我們需要一個南極海洋保護區(qū)，為企鵝、鯨魚和整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供空間，讓它們從海洋污染的壓力中恢復過來?！痹跍y試的8個海水樣本中，有7個含有微塑料，如微纖維。在測試的9個雪樣中，有7個樣品含有可檢測到的持久性有害化學物質——聚氟化烷基化物質(PFAS)。研究人員說，這些化學物質廣泛應用于工業(yè)過程和消費品中，并與野生動物的生殖和發(fā)育問題密切相關。他們說，收集到的雪樣本中包括剛剛下的雪，表明危險的化學物質來自受污染的雨或降雪。牛津大學牛津馬丁學院可持續(xù)海洋專家亞歷克斯?羅杰斯教授表示，南極洲塑料和化學物質的發(fā)現(xiàn)證實，人造污染物正在影響世界各地的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。他警告說，這種無孔不入污染的后果在很大程度上仍不為人知。“現(xiàn)在的主要問題是，在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)這些污染物的實際后果是什么?”這些化學物質中有許多是非常有害的，當它們沿著食物鏈移動時，它們可能會對野生動物的健康造成嚴重影響，最終危及人類。同樣地，微型塑料對海洋生物的影響在很大程度上是不為人知的。目前還沒有相關數(shù)據(jù)表明南極水域塑料微粒的范圍。研究人員表示，他們希望這項新研究能讓人們對遍及全球的塑料和化學污染物有更深入的了解。本特松說:“從南極到北極，再到海洋最深處的馬里亞納海溝，我們在海洋的各個角落都發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料。我們需要采取緊急行動，減少塑料流入我們的海洋，我們需要大規(guī)模的海洋設施——比如超過160萬人呼吁建立的巨大南極海洋保護區(qū)——目的是為子孫后代保護海洋生物和海洋。2.漢譯英河南是中華民族和文明的重要發(fā)源地。中國四大發(fā)明中，指南針，造紙技術和火藥都發(fā)明于河南。河南擁有厚重的文化歷史，大量的歷史文物，文物數(shù)量居全國首位。河南擁有大量的歷史文物和文化遺跡，8處國家級風景名勝、358個國家重點文物保護單位、4個世界級地質公園、11個國家級自然保護區(qū)。河南是中國重要的經(jīng)濟大省，2017國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值穩(wěn)居中國第5位。2017年河南生產(chǎn)總值44,988億元，比上年增長7.8%，人均生產(chǎn)總值47130元，增長7.4%。糧食種植面積達10135千公頃，糧食產(chǎn)量5973.4萬噸，比上年增加26.8萬噸。全部工業(yè)增加值18,807億元，增長7.4%，社會消費品零售總額19666億元，增長11.6%。全民居民消費價格比上年上漲1.4%。河南是“一帶一路”的重要中心。河南已經(jīng)與200多個國家和地區(qū)建立貿(mào)易聯(lián)系。河南要以其更有吸引力的政策，更友好的營商環(huán)境，廣迎四海賓客，實現(xiàn)更高層次的互利共贏。答案：HenanProvinceisanimportantbirthplaceoftheChinesenationandcivilization.ThreeofancientChina’sfourgreatinventions-thecompass,paper-makingandgunpowder-weremadeinHenan.Boastingatime-honoredhistoryandprofoundculture,Henanishometoagreatmanyofculturalheritagesites,numberingfirstinChinaintermsofculturalrelics.Thereare25WorldHeritagesites,358majorhistoricandculturalsitesunderstateprotection,4globalgeoparks,12nationalparksofChinaand13nationalnaturereservesintheprovince.HenanisChina’smajorprovincialeconomy.ItsGDPof2017,fifthinChina,was4.4988trillionyuan,upby7.8%overthepreviousyear.IntermsofitsGDPpercapita,thetwofigureswere47,130yuanand7.4%respectively.Thesownareaofgrainstoodat10.135millionhectaresandthetotaloutputofgrain59.734milliontons,anincreaseof268,000tonscomparedwiththatinthepreviousyear.Thetotalvalueaddedoftheindustrialsectorwas1.8807trillionyuanwithayear-on-yearincreaseof7.4%.Thetotalretailsalesofconsumergoodsreached1.9666trillionyuan,agrowthof11.6%overthepreviousyear.Theconsumerpricesin2017wentupby1.4percentover2016.Inrecentyears,Henanhasbecomeanimportantpivotofthe“BeltandRoad”.Henanhasestablishedtradeconnectionswithover200countriesandregionsintheworld,and127FortuneGlobal500companieshavesettleddowninthisplace.Withmoreattractivepoliciesandmorefriendlybusinessenvironment,itwillopenwidertotheoutside,thusachievingmutualbenefitandwin-winresultsathigherlevels.2018.61.英譯漢Improvedhumanwell-beingisoneofthegreatesttriumphsofthemodernera.Theageofplentyhasalsoledtoanunexpectedglobalhealthcrisis:twobillionpeopleareeitheroverweightorobese.Developedcountrieshavebeenespeciallysusceptibletounhealthyweightgain.However,developingcountriesarenowfacingasimilarcrisis.Obesityrateshavepeakedinhighincomecountriesbutareacceleratingelsewhere.ThecombinedfindingsoftheWorldHealthOrga