適用于新高考新教材天津?qū)０?024屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習必修第三冊Unit6Disasterandhope課件外研版

必修第三冊Unit6

Disasterandhope英語通詞句基礎(chǔ)自測教材單詞[必背寫作詞匯]1.

n.災(zāi)難,災(zāi)禍

2.

v.發(fā)生

3.

v.預(yù)測,預(yù)報

4.

v.攫取,抓住

5.

v.營救,解救

6.

n.緊急情況,不測事件

7.

v.(戰(zhàn)爭、事故等)奪去(生命)

8.

n.危機

disaster

occur

forecast

grab

rescue

emergencyclaim

crisis

9.

adv.什么地方都不,無處

10.

adv.否則,要不然

11.

n.子夜,午夜

12.

adj.足夠的,充足的

nowhere

otherwise

midnight

sufficient[識記閱讀詞匯]1.tuben.

2.plusadj.

3.hurricanen.

4.landsliden.

5.tsunamin.

6.typhoonn.

7.blizzardn.

8.avalanchen.

9.satelliten.

管子(用于數(shù)字后面表示)多,余颶風山崩,滑坡海嘯臺風暴風雪雪崩人造衛(wèi)星

10.billionnum.

11.lapn.

12.helicoptern.

13.mosquiton.

14.countyn.

15.propertyn.

十億(坐著時的)大腿部直升機

蚊子(美國等國家的)縣;(英國的)郡所有物,資產(chǎn),財產(chǎn)[構(gòu)織連脈詞匯]1.______________v.(火山)爆發(fā),噴發(fā)→______________n.(火山)爆發(fā)

2.______________adv.即刻,馬上→______________adj.立即的,立刻的

3.______________n.通告,公告→______________v.宣布;通告→______________n.播音員;廣播員

4.______________adj.可信賴的,可靠的→______________v.依靠;依賴

5.______________v.威脅到,危及→______________n.威脅

6.______________adv.精確地,準確地→_____________adj.精確的,準確的

erupteruptionimmediatelyimmediateannouncementannounceannouncerreliablerelythreatenthreatpreciselyprecise常用短語1.

拿起,拾起;接電話;(偶然)學會;(開車)接人;

改善,好轉(zhuǎn)

2.

果然

3.

與……相比

4.

一群

5.

瀏覽,迅速查看

6.

遺漏,不包括

7.

朝……前進,向……去

8.

包含,包括;由……組成

9.

突然,忽然

pickup

sureenough

comparedto

acrowdoflookthrough

leaveout

headfor...

consistofallofasudden

10.

注意查看,留心

11.

來來回回,上上下下

12.

在戶外,在室外

13.

繼續(xù)(做某事)

14.

還沒有

15.

及時趕到……

lookoutfor

upanddown

intheopenairkeepon(doingsth)

haveyetto

makeitto

重點句型1.Oneveryhotsummer,thesunreflectedoffitandmeltedcarsparked

below!【嘗試翻譯】【考點凝練】過去分詞(短語)作定語2.Whenithitthecoast,hugetidalwavescausedsevereflood,costing

the

lives

of

up

to

300,000

citizens.【嘗試翻譯】【考點凝練】動詞-ing形式短語作結(jié)果狀語一個非常炎熱的夏天,太陽光反射過來,熔化了停在下面的汽車!當它襲擊海岸時,巨大的海嘯引起了嚴重的洪水,多達30萬市民喪生。提能力增分課堂◎核心詞匯突破1.occur

v.發(fā)生;出現(xiàn);存在于【歸納】

sth

occur(s)

to

sb某人突然想起某事it

occurs

to

sb

that...某人突然想起……it

occurs

to

sb

to

do

sth某人想到要做某事【點津】(1)occur是不及物動詞,所以不能帶賓語,也不能用于被動語態(tài)。(2)occur的過去式和過去分詞形式要雙寫最后一個輔音字母,即occurred。(3)表達“某人突然想起……”的句型還有:①sthhits/strikessb②Ithits/strikessbthat...【佳句】

強調(diào)句型It

occurs

to

me

that

itisourchildrenwhoteachuswhatlifeis.

我突然想到是我們的孩子教會了我們什么是生活。【練會】單項填空①(2020·全國Ⅲ卷改編)Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthat

billionsofyearsago.

A.occurred B.occurringC.occurs D.beingoccurred②Formanypeople,theideaofrescuingfromthedisasterhasneveroccurred

them.

A.on B.ontoC.to D.with③Itneveroccurredtoher

anyoneforhelpwhenshewasintrouble.

A.toask B.asking C.asked D.asksACA【寫美】詞匯升級/一句多譯·背誦④WhenIgothome,IsuddenlyrememberedthatIhadleftmybookintheclassroom.→WhenIgothome,

thatIhadleftmybookintheclassroom.

⑤我從來沒想過你能說服他改變主意?！?/p>

youcouldpersuadehimtochangehismind.(occur)

→

youcouldpersuadehimtochangehismind.(hit)

→

youcouldpersuadehimtochangehismind.(strike)

itoccurredtomeItneveroccurredtomethatItneverhitmethatItneverstruckmethat2.announcement

n.通告;公告;宣告【歸納】(1)make

an

announcement發(fā)布通告(2)announcer

n.播音員,廣播員(3)announce

vt.宣布;通知;聲稱announce

sth

to

sb向某人宣布某事It

is/was

announced

that...據(jù)宣布……announce

that...宣布……;通知……【練會】單項填空①Today’s

ofapeaceagreementcameafterweeksofdiscussion.

A.announcement

B.proofC.surrounding

D.experience②Thegovernmentyesterdayannounced

themediaplanstocreateamillionnewjobs.

A.for B.beforeC.to D.of【寫美】完成句子·背誦③據(jù)宣布,將有新的限速規(guī)定出臺。

newspeedrestrictionswouldbeintroduced.

ACItwasannouncedthat3.reliable

adj.可信賴的,可靠的【歸納】rely

on依賴;依靠;信賴rely

on

sb

to

do

sth指望/相信某人會做某事rely

on

(doing)

sth依賴/信任/指望(做)某事rely

on

it

that...相信……;指望……【點津】在relyonitthat...結(jié)構(gòu)中,it作形式賓語,that引導(dǎo)真正的賓語從句。類似的還有:①dependonitthat...放心……/請相信……②takeitforgrantedthat...認為……是理所當然的③appreciateit+if...如果……,將不勝感激④like/hateit+when...喜歡/痛恨……的時候【練會】單項填空①(2019·北京卷改編)Somestudentsdon’thavea

car,whileothershavetosharevehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.

A.relying B.reliedC.reliable D.reliesC【寫美】完成句子/一句多譯·背誦②如今一些父母為他們的子女做了一切,這讓孩子們嚴重依賴父母。Nowadayssomeparentshavedoneeverythingfortheirchildren,

.(寫作話題之家庭生活)③你可以相信,你有困難時我會幫助你。→Youcan

whenyouareintrouble.→Youcan

whenyouareintrouble.

→Youcan

whenyouareintrouble.

whichmakesthechildrenrelyontheirparentsbadlyrelyonmetohelpyourelyonitthatIcanhelpyourelyonmyhelpingyou4.claim

v.(戰(zhàn)爭、事故等)奪去(生命)n.聲明;宣稱;斷言;索賠【歸納】(1)claim

to

do

sth/that...主張做某事/聲稱……claim

to

have

done

sth聲稱做過某事It

is

claimed

that...有人主張……;據(jù)說……claim

sth

from...向……索要某物(2)make

a

claim

for

sth

對某事提出要求【佳句】Thecompanyclaims(that)itisnotresponsibleforthepollutionintheriver.公司聲稱對該河流污染沒有責任?！揪殨繂雾椞羁闸賁heclaimeddamages

thecompanyfortheinjuryshehadsuffered.

A.through B.byC.to D.from②Doctorsclaimed

acureforthedisease.

A.discovering B.todiscoverC.discovered D.tohavediscovered【寫美】完成句子·背誦③據(jù)說有些醫(yī)生一周工作80個小時。

somedoctorswereworking80hoursaweek.

DDItwasclaimedthat5.threaten

v.威脅到,危及【歸納】(1)threaten

sb

with...用……威脅某人threaten

to

do

sth威脅要做某事threaten

that...威脅……(2)threat

n.威脅;恐嚇【佳句】Thetrafficissuenotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife,butmayalsothreatenpeople’slives.交通問題不僅影響著我們的日常生活,而且也可能威脅到人們的生命?！揪殨繂雾椞羁闸貲avidthreatened

hisneighbourimmediatelytothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.

A.toreport B.reportingC.reported D.report②Heisunlikelytobe

threattotheSpanishplayerinthefinal.

A.a B.an C.the

D./【寫美】句式升級·背誦③Hewasthreatenedbyterroristsanddidn’tdaretovoteforthepresident.→

,hedidn’tdaretovoteforthepresident.(過去分詞短語作狀語)

AAThreatenedbyterrorists6.keep

on

(doing

sth)繼續(xù)(做某事)【歸納】keep

up堅持;維持;沿襲(風俗、傳統(tǒng)等)keep

up

with趕上;不落在后面keep

away

from(使)不接近;(使)遠離keep

in

mind記住【練會】單項填空①Neverkeepon

ifyouhaveeventheslightestchestpain.

A.toexercise B.exercisingC.exercise D.beingexercised②Jack’shavingtroublekeepingup

therestoftheclass.

A.to B.withC.before D.above【寫美】詞匯升級·背誦③Alwaysrememberthatyoucan’tbetootalkativewhenyouareeating.→Always

thatyoucan’tbetootalkativewhenyouareeating.

BBkeepinmind★補遺缺

微點練全Ⅰ.一詞多義——根據(jù)語境寫出句中黑體詞的詞性和含義1.shelter①Humanbeingsneedfood,clothingandshelter.

②Peopleweredesperatelyseekingshelterfromthestorm.

③Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.

④Weshelteredfromthetraininadoorway.

n.居所;住處n.遮蔽物,庇護處

v.保護;掩蔽

v.躲避

Ⅱ.單項填空2.Thelifeboatrescuedthesailors

thesinkingboat.

A.to B.atC.from D.by3.Thecharityaimstoprovideassistance

peopleinneed.

A.with B.forC.to D.onCB◎重點句型透視1.過去分詞(短語)作定語【教材原句】Oneveryhotsummer,thesunreflectedoffitandmeltedcarsparked

below!一個非常炎熱的夏天,太陽光反射過來,熔化了停在下面的汽車!【歸納】(1)單個過去分詞及由過去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞作定語時,通常置于被修飾詞之前,但修飾代詞時,需要置于被修飾詞之后。過去分詞短語作定語要后置,放在被修飾詞之后。(2)過去分詞作定語,相當于一個定語從句,但它比定語從句更簡短。(3)一些不及物動詞也有過去分詞形式,由于不及物動詞不可以直接跟賓語,所以不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時只表示動作的完成,而沒有被動意義。【練會】單項填空①Mostpeople

tothepartywerehisoldschoolmates.

A.wereinvited B.invitedC.inviting D.invites②Iboughtabook

byMarkTwinfromthebookstore.

A.written B.writingC.towritten D.tobewritten【寫美】句式升級·背誦③Thisisthebookrecommendedbytheteacher.→Thisisthebook

bytheteacher.

BAwhich/thatwasrecommended2.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語【教材原句】Whenithitthecoast,hugetidalwavescausedsevereflood,costing

the

lives

of

up

to

300,000

citizens.當它襲擊海岸時,巨大的海嘯引起了嚴重的洪水,多達30萬市民喪失?！練w納】(1)動詞-ing形式(短語)作結(jié)果狀語表示意料、情理之中的結(jié)果;(2)動詞-ing形式(短語)可表示一個同時發(fā)生的次要的動作,這時常用一個逗號把它和句子的主要部分分開。【佳句】Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausing

the

delay

of

the

meeting.他們的車遇上了交通堵塞,因此導(dǎo)致會議推遲?！揪殨繂雾椞羁闸賂heeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,

itoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.

A.making B.madeC.tomake D.havingmade【寫美】完成句子·背誦②他打開抽屜,拿出一個盒子。

,hetookoutabox.(動詞-ing形式短語)

AOpeningthedrawer研真題鏈接高考(2016·江蘇卷,閱讀理解C)——災(zāi)難防范ElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997—1998helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997—1998,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.理清脈絡(luò)

真題再做61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNi?oinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.D解析:細節(jié)理解題。第一段概括說明了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象名字的來源,發(fā)生的時間、地點、現(xiàn)象的成因等內(nèi)容。根據(jù)文中back

eastwards和normally

blow

westwards等關(guān)鍵詞可知D項正確。62.WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.C解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中

“Rich

countries

gain

more...”排除A項,錯誤點出在fall一詞;B項的說法沒有根據(jù),文章中并沒有做出對比;D項錯在less一詞,從文章第二段和第三段的說明可知,一些貧困的國家,如印度尼西亞,遭受到嚴重的干旱,影響了國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。C項的題源句為第二段中“Rich

countries

gain

more

from

powerful

Ni?os,

on

balance,

than

they

lose.”,句意為“總的來說,富裕國家得大于失。”63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat

.

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirstA解析:推理判斷題。題源句為:According

to

the

Overseas

Development

Institute(ODI),

however,

just

12%

of

disaster-relief

funding

in

the

past

two

decades

has

gone

on

reducing

risks

in

advance,

rather

than

recovery

and

rebuilding

afterwards.句意為:然而根據(jù)海外研究所提供的數(shù)字,在過去的20年里,相比于災(zāi)后恢復(fù)和重建,只有12%的賑災(zāi)資金用于事先的減災(zāi)預(yù)防。just的內(nèi)涵是“言其少”,因此選A項。B、C項文章沒有提及,D項與作者的觀點相反。64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o.D解析:作者意圖題。作者首先簡要介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象,列舉了其危害性,進而引出作者寫作的真實意圖:厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象是可預(yù)報、可預(yù)防的,因此政府部門以及有關(guān)人員應(yīng)該積極行動起來做好災(zāi)害的防范工作。A、B、C三項都屬于以偏概全,以事實細節(jié)代替寫作目的。語言能力1.掌握構(gòu)詞知識詞根派生詞性及詞義例句

agricultural

Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.

recovery

AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.agricultureadj.農(nóng)業(yè)的

recovern.恢復(fù)

2.猜測生僻詞詞義Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.

因果關(guān)系的;前因后果的

3.牢記熟詞生義單詞詞性及詞義例句term

ElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.gain

RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.n.術(shù)語

v.獲利

4.仿寫經(jīng)典句型Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o’sharmfuleffects—andthe

poorer

the

country,the

stronger

the

link.仿寫:你對我們的傳統(tǒng)文化了解得越多,你就對它越感興趣。Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture,themoreyouareinterestedinit.5.破解復(fù)雜句式ElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.分析:本句為含有兩個定語從句和一個賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句部分為El

Ni?o

was

named

by

South

American

fishermen;a

Spanish

term

for

“the

Christ

child”

作

,對El

Ni?o作進一步的解釋;在who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,又包含that引導(dǎo)的

從句和which引導(dǎo)的

從句。

譯文:同位語

賓語

定語

厄爾尼諾,西班牙術(shù)語

“圣嬰”的音譯,是由南美洲漁民命名的,他們注意到全球天氣(變化)模式會使臨近圣誕節(jié)的捕魚量減少,這一現(xiàn)象每兩至七年發(fā)生一次。測效果課堂評價Ⅰ.熟詞生義1.lap項目意義例句熟義n.

Shenursedthecryingchildonherlap.生義n.

Shewaspassedbyseveralrunnersinthelastlap.(坐著時的)大腿部

(跑道的)一圈

2.otherwise項目意義例句熟義adv.

Shutthewindow;otherwiseit’llgettoocoldinhere.生義adv.

Hewasslightlybruisedbutotherwiseunhurt.否則,要不然

除此以外

Ⅱ.單項填空A組

基礎(chǔ)必練1.Herbrotherthreatened

herinthedarkroomalonewhenshedisobeyedhisorder.

A.toleave B.leftC.left D.wouldleave2.Thenewspaper

thattheywouldbetotallybeateninthecominggeneralelection.

A.forecasting B.forecastedC.toforecast D.for