高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)?？冀樵~講義

語法專題一介詞“on+名詞或動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示“...就...”●Onmyarrival/arrivinghome,Idiscoveredtheyhadgone.我一到家就發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)離開了。Point2in，after的用法in與after都可表示“在之后”,當(dāng)它們用于一般將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),in后接時(shí)間段,after后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)?！馠ewrotethebookintwoyears.他在兩年時(shí)間里寫完了這本書。(in表示“在.之內(nèi)”)●Theresultswillbeannouncedintwoweeks'time.結(jié)果將于兩周后宣布(in表示“在之后”)●Mybrotherwillgothereafterfiveo’clock.當(dāng)用于過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),只用after●Theyfinishedthetaskaftertwodays.●Theywenttothemoviesaftersupper.Point3before，by的用法by表示“不遲于某時(shí)”,包括某時(shí)在內(nèi)。by往往和完成時(shí)連用;●Infact,halfofthe6,0007,000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywilllikelydieoutbythenextcentury,accordingtotheUNESCO.●Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmerican'sneedforwood.before后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),表示“在某時(shí)之前”,不包括某時(shí)在內(nèi)?！馡willbebackbeforesuppertime.Point4until，till的用法until在肯定句中表示動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到......時(shí)間為止;在否定句中和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用●Thisshopwillbeclosedforrepairsuntilfurthernotice.在另行通知前,這家商店將停業(yè)維修?！馮heshopwon'topenuntilnextmonth.那家商店下個(gè)月才能開業(yè)。Point5during，through，over的用法during表示在整個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)或在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，意為“在期間"。●Duringthesummerwespendalotoftimeoutofdoors.through表示在整個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi),意為“自始至終”(此時(shí)與throughout用法相同)?！馮hecoldweathercontinuedthroughthespring.over表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的某一個(gè)或多個(gè)不同時(shí)間點(diǎn),意為“在期間”?！馩vercoffeeourhosttoldusalittleaboutthehistoryofthehouse.●Thespendpowerofthepoundhavefallenoverthelasttenyears.在過去十年里，英鎊的購買力已下跌。分考點(diǎn)2表示方位的介詞Point1on，above，over的用法on是指在某物的表面上,與物體表面接觸。其反義詞是beneath?！馮hereisapictureonthewall.above指在物體表面上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。(還可指數(shù)量、水平等“超過。)其反義詞是below?！馮heplaneNewabovetheclouds.over指離開物體表面而在物體的正上方。其反義詞是under。[還可表示“超出(某一數(shù)目、數(shù)量或程度)?！馎lamphungoverthetable.Point2across,through,past,over，along的用法across指從一平面橫穿或“在.對面”,表示動(dòng)作在物體的表面進(jìn)Theyranstraightacrosstheroad.他們徑直跑過了馬路。through指從人群或物體內(nèi)部“穿過”,也可指抽象意義的“通過"?！馱alkthroughthegateandyou'llseetheflag.走過大門,你就會(huì)看到那面旗?！馟raduationisagoodtimetothankthosewhohavehelpedyouthroughthetoughyears.past表示“從...旁邊經(jīng)過”,表示動(dòng)態(tài)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在某人/某物旁邊?！馮heydrovepastabigsupermarket.over表示“從一邊到另一邊或從上方越過”?！馮heplaneflewovertheGreatWall.●Thethiefclimbedoverthewallandranaway.那個(gè)賊翻過墻逃走了。along表示“沿著(線、道路、小道等)前行"?！馠ewalksalongtherivereveryday.Point3at，in，on表示方位的用法at后接較小的地方或門牌號碼;in后接較大的地方;on一般指與面或線接觸?！馡spentanunpleasanthouratthedentist's.●Mr.SmithhaslivedinHongKongfor20years.●Putthepictureonthewall,please.Point4in，on，to，off的用法●BeijingisinthenorthofChina.北京位于中國的北部。(范圍之內(nèi))●MongoliaisonthenorthofChina.蒙古國與中國的北部接壤。(范圍之外,但接壤)●JapanistotheeastofChina.中國東鄰日本。(范圍之外,不接壤)●Helivesinahousejustoffthemainroad.他住在離主路不遠(yuǎn)的一座房子里。Point5between，among的用法between一般指“兩者之間”,也可指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物的每兩個(gè)之間;而among用于指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物之間,或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之間?！馪leasantmusicisoftenplayedbetweenclassestomakestudentsrelaxedforawhile.●SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustriaandItaly.●Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.●AmongalltheanimalsI'veeverhad,thesetwodogsarethemostsensitivetothespokenword.分考點(diǎn)3表示方式的介詞Point1with，by，in，through的用法with多指用具體的工具、身體的某部位或器官,其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞等修飾;by側(cè)重指使用某種方法、手段或乘坐某種交通工具;in指使用某種語言或某種材料、顏料、鋼筆、鉛筆等;through表示“以;憑借”,具有較強(qiáng)的中介性?！馡tistreatedwithacidbeforebeinganalyzed.●Switchitonbypressingthisbutton●HemadethespeechinEnglish.●Youcanonlyachievesuccessthroughhardworkby,in,on也可表示交通方式,注意區(qū)別：●Didyoumanagetosleepontheplane?●I’llprobablyeonmybike●HewasthefirstmantonavigatetheAtlanticbyair.分考點(diǎn)4表示“除....之外”的介詞或介詞短語besides意為“除之外(還有)”,相當(dāng)于inadditionto?！馱elikebiologybesideEnglish，except表示同類之間“除.之外(其他的都)”，不包括后而所提到的人或物●Everyoneisexcitedexceptme.●Heisneverlateexceptwhenheisill.exceptfor意為“除.之外”,排除的部分與前面的內(nèi)容不屬于同一類,著重用于對個(gè)別狀況的補(bǔ)充說明?！馜uringhertimeinthecave,Stefaniahadbeenpletelyalonefortwowhitemice.but意為“除..之外”(=except),常用于nobody，none,noone，nothing，anything，everyone，all之后。●Hedidnothingbutplayalldayalong.Apartfrom既可相當(dāng)于besides或inadditionto,也可相當(dāng)于exceptfor●Apartfromtheending,it'sareallygoodfilm.(相當(dāng)于exceptfor)●Apartfromgoodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.(相當(dāng)于besides)分考點(diǎn)5表示原因的介詞和介詞短語Point1at，for，with，outofat一般指由于看到、聽到或感覺到客觀事物而產(chǎn)生某種情感、情緒、態(tài)度或行為等。●Hisheartliftedatthesightofher.●Shewasoverwhelmedwithanxietyatthethoughtofmakingthespeechbeforethewholeclass.●TheSmithsarepraisedforthewaytheybringupfortheirchildren.with一般指由于心理或生理原因?！馠erlegswereleaden.Tremblingwithfatigueandstrain,sheshiveredwithcoldfromsweatthatsoakedherbody.

她的兩條腿像鉛一般沉重，又疲勞又緊張，一路直哆嗦，同時(shí)因?yàn)闇喩硎呛苟诓粩嗟卮蚶鋺?zhàn)。outof一般指出于某種動(dòng)機(jī)，某種情感驅(qū)使。●Iaskedoutofcuriosity.Point2becauseof,owingto,onaccountof,dueto,thanksto,asaresultofbecauseof,owingto,onaccountof表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因,通常作狀語,位于句首或句尾?！馭tudentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornotetakingbecauseofspeedandlegibility.dueto相當(dāng)于becauseof，可作表語?！馮herestaurant'ssuccesswasduelargelytoitsnewmanager.《朗文當(dāng)代》]thanksto意為“幸虧;多虧”,既可用于褒義,又可用于貶義,多位于句首?！馮hankstoyourhelp,weweresuccessful.asaresultof表示直接的因果關(guān)系?！馎saresultofthepilots'strike,allflightshavehadtobecanceled.分考點(diǎn)7幾個(gè)常考介詞的用法Point1against●It’sagainstmyprincipletocheatinthepetition.●Tired,Jimwasleaningagainstabigtreewithhisarmsfolded.●HewasinjuredinthegameagainsttheLions●Shediveddownandswamagainstthecurrent.●Thehilllooksmorebeautifulagainsttheblue以.為背景,襯托:對照●Thecostoftheresearchneedstobebalancedagainstitsbenefits.(pare...with)Point2at●表示“以,按價(jià)格、速度、數(shù)量等ataspeed/price/altitudeof...Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon'tneedtobook.●表示動(dòng)作、感情的原因.意為"因....而Wewerefrightenedattheterriblesight●表示動(dòng)作"朝向...目標(biāo)HeshotatthebirdbatmisseditPoint3beyond●(指程度)深于;(指范圍)越出;(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非.....可及beyondpare/mypowerThenumberofcitiesproducingCobeyondthestandardhasbeenreducedfrom40to9.Thetownhaschangedbeyondallrecognition.●(指空間)在..的那一邊,在更遠(yuǎn)處;(時(shí)間)晚于,遲于Theairportis20milesbeyondthetown.機(jī)場在離城鎮(zhèn)二十英里外的地方。Theycrossedthemountainsandheadedforthevalleysbeyond.Hecamehomebeyondtheusualtime.Point4by●表示“(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、度量、數(shù)量)根據(jù)，按照，以.計(jì)算",注意對比：Theyselleggsbythedozen/byweight.他們按打/按重量賣雞蛋。Werentthecarbytheday/bytime.我們按日租用汽車。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞●(表示程度、數(shù)量)相差Welostthematchbyonegoal.我們以一球之差輸了這場比賽。By

midnightthe

temperature

has

dropped

by

10?C.比較：Temperaturedroppedto25degreesbelowzero.●經(jīng)過,經(jīng)由Theycameinbythebackdoor.他們是從后門進(jìn)來的?！窨?用,通過(某種方法、手段)Youcanreservetheticketsbyphone.Somecustomersprefertopaybycheque.●togiveinformationaboutjob,characterandbirthChildrenarecuriousbynature.RobertKeyisateacherbyprofession.George=1\*ROMANIandGeorge=2\*ROMANIIwereGermansbybirth.●抓住人/物的某個(gè)部位Hegrabbedthehammerbythehandle.*daybyday.byfarPoint5for●(表示目的或功能)AreyoulearningEnglishforpleasureorforyourwork?●(表示對象或用途)對...來說Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.●(表示原因)因?yàn)?，Campbellwasarrestedfordangerousdriving●(表示時(shí)間、距離、數(shù)量)達(dá),計(jì)話亭。Wedroveformilesbeforewefoundaphone●(表示等值或比例關(guān)系)換取Heagreedtopay300dollarsforthepicture●支持,贊成Howmanypeoplevotedfortheproposal?●相對于...,就...而言It'scoldforthetimeofyear.I'msureshe'stheidealpersonforthejob.Point6under●Thepossibilityofemployingmorestaffisstillunderdiscussion.●She'sbeenunderalotofpressureatwork.?？冀樵~短語Point1與名詞搭配(1)介詞后接名詞。①at+nathand近在手邊;在附近atwork在工作atnotime從不,在任何時(shí)候都不atlength終于,最后;詳盡地atatime一次;連續(xù)atonetime一度,曾經(jīng)atalltimes無論何時(shí),一直attimes時(shí)常atonce立刻,馬上ataloss困惑,不知所措atpresent現(xiàn)在,目前atrandom隨機(jī)地,任意地atbirth出生時(shí)atfirstsight乍一看,初看起來atrisk處境危險(xiǎn)atdawn在黎明atduck在黃昏②beyond+n.beyondbelieve難以置信beyondparison無與倫比beyondcontrol難以控制beyonddescription無法形容beyondexpectationbeyondexpressionbeyondquestion毫無疑問③by+nbyaccidentbychance偶然bycoincidencebyforce用武力byheart熟記byhandbymistakebytheday按日(計(jì)算)byweight按重量(計(jì)算)④forforamoment/instant一會(huì)兒foranother第二.其次fercertain確定,肯定forthefirsttime第一次onceforall一勞永逸⑤in+ninasense從某種意義上說inaway在某種程度上incase以防萬inbrief簡言之;ingeneral一般,大體上inparisonwith與....比較ineffect實(shí)際上indebt負(fù)債,欠賬indetail詳細(xì)地inshape處于良好(或困有)狀態(tài)innotime立刻,馬上innoway決不,一點(diǎn)也不inparticular特別,尤其inperson親自,本人inplace在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?inreality事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上inreturn作為回報(bào);作為回應(yīng)inruins倒塌;inshorn總之instore儲(chǔ)藏著;即將發(fā)生inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處;遠(yuǎn)方的inthelongrun從長遠(yuǎn)看insecret秘密地intime及時(shí);遲早intotal總共inturn依次,轉(zhuǎn)而,反過來invain徒勞,無結(jié)果inadvance⑥on+nonearth在世界上;究競.到底o(hù)nend連續(xù)地;豎立onfire著火,失火onfoot步行,徒步onhand現(xiàn)有的;在手頭,onnoaccount決不ondisplay陳列onpurpose故意地onaverage平均;onthecontrary正相反onthewhole總的來說.大體上⑦outof+noutofbalance失去平衡outofcontrol失去控制outofdanger脫險(xiǎn)outoffashion不流行的;過時(shí)的outoforder出故障;違反規(guī)程outofpatience不耐煩outofshape走樣;身體狀況不佳outofthequestion不可能outofquestion毫無疑問/沒問題outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofdate過時(shí)的;陳腐的outofdebt不欠債,還清債務(wù)outofwork失業(yè)outofplace不適當(dāng)outofsight看不見outoftrouble擺脫麻煩outofnowhere(2)介詞+名詞+介詞①at+n.+prepattheageof在歲時(shí)atthecost/expenseof以.為代價(jià)atthefootof在....腳下attheriskof冒著.....的危險(xiǎn)atthemercyof任由的擺布atthepriceof以.的價(jià)格atthesight/thoughtof一看/想到②in+n.+prep.inadditionto除了inagreementwith與致inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)incontrolof控制inconsequenceof因?yàn)?某事)inexchangefor作為..的交換inhonorof向.致敬inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念inplaceof代替inpossessionof擁有inpreparationfor為.....作準(zhǔn)備intermsof根據(jù);就..而言inreplyto答復(fù)inresponseto對.一作出反應(yīng)inspiteof盡管inthefaceof面對intheshapeof以......的形式;inahead/advanceof超過;在.前面incaseof萬一;假使infavorof支持incontrastto與....形成對照inrelationto和有關(guān)系inharmonywith與...協(xié)調(diào)inlinewith與...一致inneedof需要inpraiseof表揚(yáng)inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于insupportof支持inregardto關(guān)于,對于(某事)inrespectof關(guān)于,至于in(the)lightof鑒于insearchof尋找intheformof以.的形式inthenameof以.....的名義③for+n.+prepforfearof唯恐,生怕forlackof因缺乏forthepurposeof目的在于forthesakeof為了..好④with+n.+prepwithregardto關(guān)于,至于withrespectto關(guān)于,至于withthepurposeof以...為目的withone’shelp⑤on+n.+preponaccountof由于onbehalfof代表onthepointof正要..的時(shí)候⑥of+n.+prep(be)ofhelpto對....有幫助(be)ofimportanceto對.重要(be)ofsignificanceto對...有意義Point2與動(dòng)詞搭v.+foranswerfor對..負(fù)責(zé)applyfor申請carefor關(guān)心;喜歡huntfor尋找;搜尋seekfor尋找;追求begforcharge...for(2)v.+ataim/target...at瞄準(zhǔn);針對;glare/stareat怒視knockat敲(門、窗等)pointat指向,指著laughatcallat(3)v.+fromdatefrom追溯到differfrom與.不同keep/stop/preventsb.fromdoingsufferfrom遭受protect...from...保護(hù).不受separate...from...把.與.diefromresultfrom(4)v.+ofapprovesb.ofdoing...贊成consistof由.組成dreamof夢想remind...ofsuspect...ofrob...ofaccuse...ofwarn...ofinform...of(5)v.+inbreakin闖人(行竊);插話cutin插話;插隊(duì)handin上交persistin堅(jiān)持succeedin在..方面取得成功callinresultin召來/拜訪(5)v.+toagreeto同意attendto處理,料理;接待(顧客)belongto屬于seeto處理;照料incontrastto...devote/mit...to...貢獻(xiàn)給...leadto導(dǎo)致;通向objectto反對pointto指向referto談到;涉及;參閱reply/respondto答復(fù)Point3與形容詞搭配(1)adj.+ofbeashamedof對..感到羞恥beawareof意識到beconvincedof確信befondof喜歡be/gettiredof厭倦beproudof以.為榮beshortof缺少besickof厭惡(2)adj.+withbecontentwith對滿意bepatientwith對..有耐心befamiliarwith熟悉;通曉begenerouswith在...很大方bemeanwith對……吝嗇bepleasedwith對感到滿意bepopularwith受..歡迎besatisfiedwith對.滿意bestrictwith對...嚴(yán)格beboredwithbefedupwithadj.+tobeaddictedto對...上癮,沉溺于bebeneficialto對..有益處beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于beequalto相當(dāng)于;勝任befamiliarto為所熟悉bevitalto對.極其重要befundamentalto...beharmfulto對有害besimilarto與..相似Exercise:Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves_______halfanhour.2.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree_____engineeringorarchitecture.3.Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperativealwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.________short,he'sreliable.4.WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe_____treesthatareover1,000yearsold.5.Sibson’shousewasthreekilometers_themainroadandwassowellhiddenbytreesthatheknewcallingforhelpwouldbefruitless.6.May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficiallytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.7.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMI（體重指數(shù)）increased2.1inwomenandmen.8.Tomydisappointment,theguidecutmyholidayshort________2days.9.Overtime,thebagsfallapartcountlesstinypieces,andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.10.Thisagingofthepopulationisdriventwofactors.Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates11.Themovieisadapted__________theaterplayofthesametitle.12.Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.13.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalmunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalmunitywastryingtofight.14.sheteachesthat