科技英語(yǔ)閱讀與寫作課后習(xí)題

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3I.Answerthefollowingquestions.

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CUHI.WhyisbiodiversityanIKKIKthitfhasottrKtedHOmuchattentionthesedays?

〕2.Whm標(biāo)thenehuoabetweenthestudyofbiodiversityandspeciescollection?

3.Wluiit(heattitudeoftheauthortowardthecolkctonofspeciesthroughoutthehistory?

4.WhydoestheaulhorcallthehisuwyofcxilkclingM：ieocctt-bhekbox"?

5.Whi?queMiomdoestheauthorinieiulinimswerinthisbonic?

ILThefollowingstatemenuareincomplete.Searchthemissinginformationinthe

passageandfillintheblanks.

I.ThegrulEnumberoflivingthingsoneartharr__

2.AccordingtoWilson,perhaps_icpectcs(mostlyinsects)goextincteachyexin

tropica!format

3.Thescienceofspeciesinventoryuanedin(hecentury.

4.SpeciescollectorsuMiallytravellightanddependon__forinformationand

support,makingsurveycollecting?divcnelysoculexperience.

5.SpeciescollectingroquireMncMonlybookknowledgebutalso_ofwoodernh

andlogistic^und_ofanimalhabitsandhabitats.

6.Thecyclesof卬collectingandnamingvaryagooddealfromonegroupofaninudsto

another,dependingonther_and_tou&.

7.Itseemstha<thedevelofxmenKof__steamtravelpromotedspeciescollectingand

namingintheearly-nineteenth-century.

8.hwasintheageofsurveythatsciemiHUbecamefull)awareoftheworlcfs_.

HI.Identifytheimpliedmeaningsoftheunderlinedpartsofthefollowingsentences

accordingtothecontextofthepassage,andtranslatethesentencesintoChinese.

LWcdependonthosefewamonguswhocollect,describe,name,andcliSAifyourjellow

passenger^onjhc^lobaJark.

2-Thoughtheyhavewmetimesbeenconicmpiuouklyreferredtoas*taxooomichaytby

otherbiologists."Andersonconcluded,*herbariumspecimenscanbequiteromanticin

theirowndryw?y.w

3Remarkablylinkhasbeenwriaenabmitthecmftand90cHhnioryofwientifkcollecting:it

remaimabackbox*.

4.Sincethemid>twcn<icthcenturythepaceofdiscoveryofnewvertebratespeciesbeen

afitfultrickle(thoughlisuofinvertcbnicsgroweverlonger)

5.Rodenu.incontract,werehardlyknowntoLinnaeandesenbersandnotfullyknownto

scienceuntiltheageofsurvey,whenitfirstbecameapfxarcntjasthowprolificofspecies

thisgrouphasbeen—wouldappearthattheCrcatoclovesrodentsaswellasHedocs

beetle

6.!nplacesthatwereexploredbutnotincentivelyworked,liketheAmericanWestor

muchofSouthAmerica,faunaeandflorasthatJudseemedclosedbookswerereopened

andvastlyexpanded

7.Itisacommonplace(anddoubtIe%%(rue.ASwell)thateartymodemnaturalistswereinspired

bythefloodofnewknowledgethatwasaby-productoftheexpandingglobalreachof

liuropeantradeandconquest.

Iftradehasfollowedfhgs.Malu>hivenMundMandcollectors.

9.Invealorie*ofvenebraicanimalsbecamesocompletethatsubsequentdiscoveriesof

newipeciesbecamemediacvcnK.

10.Itisthedramattcexploratkxisoftheearlierperi<Mlxthathavecaughttheeye,becausethey

werrdesignedtocatchtheeye一'ofinvestors,princes.pubU&bcr&,readen.chroniclers.

IV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontothemeaningsof

theitalicizedwordsandexpressions*whichmayt>emisleading.

I.Amongthevertebrates,bonyfishesarethelargestgroup,wiih18.150species,leavingaside

the63speciesofjawle&sfishesandthe843carttiaginousfishes(lampreys,sharks

2.Wilsoneslimitesthatperhaps17500species(mostlyinsects)goextincteachyearin

tropicalforeMs.andthatwchumanshaveacccicniiedthehistoricalrateofextinctionbya

/actorofoneihouKandtotrnthousand.

3?Thereisconcern,too.thatinourignorancewcmaybedestroyingspeciesviudtoIbefabric

oftcosysttmtonwhkrhwcdependforourownnurvival.

4.ThoughpeoplehavealwayHnamedplanesandanimals,thescienceofspeciesinventory

isrelativelynew.beginningwith(heBigBangofCarivonLinnc*sinventionofthe(Linnaean)

biiiomialsystemofnaminginthemki<ightccnthcentury.

S.ThebotanistEdfarAndersononcedidanexperiment,inwhichhetookamanilafielderai

randomfromanhertMuiumcase(aSouthwe$iemgrass,itturnedouttobe),todiscoverthe

kindsofpeoplewhohadcolleviedthespecimens.

6?ModemnaturalhistoryisanexactingscirncewhoHepraictitionersmuMalsocopeand

improviseindifficultheldconditions.

7.Andbecauseofthatdiverwiiy.theidentityofscientificcollectorshasbeenlessfixedchan

thatoflaboratoryworkers.

8.Theseincludebirds,cannivorcs.primates,andlargegame,

VLDiscussthetranslationtechniqueandtheway?ofapplyingthetechniquetothe

traulationofthefollowingsentences.CompleteeachoftheChinesetranslations.

I.Engineer*predict（hal（henewtechniquewillmakeinlcgraCedopticalcircuitssmaller,

fasterandcheaper.（TWWnSK,這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)將使集成光纖線絡(luò)更?。?/p>

_更快，更低?）

2.ArtifidAlintelligenceisthekeytoasuccessfulrobot,butsomeofthesimplesttasksfora

humanmindmdifficultforarobot.（人工智能是ftlif機(jī)JI人功能優(yōu)良的美但是有些

對(duì)人*家說(shuō)_.放到機(jī)黝人身h___.）

3.Newdatashowthattheprevaleoceofadvanceddiseasesindevelopedcountriesmightbe

declining-anoptimisticnote.（一些新資料表明在廢達(dá)國(guó)家.晚期疾病的發(fā)病率可能正

在下降,樂(lè)觀M現(xiàn)象?）

4.Thepervalenceofperiodonutisincreaseswithage,（牙周炎的建樹(shù)率H年齡的_而

開(kāi)題）

5.Thankstothesenewtreatments,peoplewithhighbloodpressurecanlivelongandactive

UF.（由F有了這些新的治療方法,昌血壓患者也能夠長(zhǎng)壽._________快極的生活J

6.Theinstnimcnisconuinedintheprobewillmoisurcthetemperalurrandpressureofthe

aimoxphere.analyzethecompositionofatmosphericgases,andpossiblyevendetect

lightning（探杳器所攜帶的儀祥和設(shè)行將用最大氣的溫度粕壓力,分析大氣中所畬氣體

的成分.頡有可能關(guān)隹探測(cè)大氣中的閃電________.）

7.During（hedecaderesearcheswillidentifymomandmorehumangenesandthetraitsthey

goveE.（在這I。年中,研究人員將要簽定越來(lái)越多的人類基因.H__它H所影后

的遺傳格性J

8.Thistheoryisusuallyexpressedinthefamousfonnula:E?mcJ.Estand*forenergy,m

forthemjiss.andcforthespeedoflight.（讀理論通偌用這個(gè)著名的公式Amc'東襄示.

?E代表能/,m質(zhì)量.cJt＜）

VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese?Payattentiontohowthetechnique

ofamplifiaitionshouldbeu＞ed.

I.Collectingpanicsusuallytrav'ellightanddependonlocalinhubiuntsforinfbrmaiionand

support,makingsurveycolleclingadiverselysocialexperience.

ZOfadtheflek!sciences,ndturulhistorysurveyisanexceptionallyinvitingsubjectbecause

theworkofsyMematk.scientificcollectingissovaried.

3.Itisalsoclearthatthecarly-nine（eenth-ccn（uryfloweringofcollectingandnaming

resultedfrom（hegreateraffordabilityoftransoceanicsteamtravelandfromEuropean

imperialexpansionandsettlement,especiallyintherichtropicalenvironmentofthe

southernhemisphere.

4.Wedonotthinkofthelalenineteenthitndearlytwentiethcenturiesai?beingagreatageof

diiscoveryinnaturalhi&iory;buttheywere.

5.ScientificcollectingintheageofsurveywasaccomplishedmoMlybysmallparlies(threeto

halfadozen)whosepurposewastosendbackno(exoticaandaccounUiofheroicadventure

anddheovery.butrathercratesofspecimen，

Vil.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Anotherlimitationofthishistoryisthathtreatsmainlyvertebratezoologyandsome

botany,buiinsectsandotherinvenebrxieKhardlyalall.Thisisndanarbitrarylimitalion:

surveycollectinginmyperiod,especiallybymuseums,concentraicdonvenebmteanim'k.

becausescientificfieldworkpiggybackedoncollectingforexhibitsofvertebrateaninuls.

(Insects,planls.andmollusksdidnothavequitethesamepotentialfineye-cakrhingdixphys.)

Inaddition,invertebratesarediscouraginglynumerousforcomprcheosivexurveyinveniofiex.

andtheyremainedtheprovinceofamateur&pecia)iMslongaftervertebrateanimalsbecame

theobjectsaforganizedsurvey,lnvenebrau??havercccndybecometheobjectofsystematic

invcntocy.butinwaysquitedifferentfromeMlier$un*ey^.

Likeanyscientific(oranycultural)practice,naturalhistorysurveyhaditsparticular

periodandlifecycle.Itaroseoutofaparticuhr?e<ofenvironmcnul.cultural,andscientific

ctrcumMance*;ranit*counc;thengavewaytonewanddifferentwayserfstudyingnatures

diversity.ItwasespeciallywelldevelopedintheUnitedStales,thoughnotexclusivelythere.

MyaimistodescribewhatrururaJhistorysurveywasinHsheyday,thereasonsit(kwrixlied

whereicdid,amihowitworkedinpractice.

VIILTranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish*

生物多樣性

生物多樣懂指在某一特定的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)生活的不同物種的數(shù)■,科學(xué)家"現(xiàn)存物鐘數(shù)量

的估計(jì)各不相同,從300萬(wàn)料到3.000力種不等.箕中M萬(wàn)神已進(jìn)行了分類，包括或力*昆蟲(chóng).

41molt中椎動(dòng)物.25萬(wàn)種植物,其余是無(wú)力帆成@r.程美加微4：物.盡管還和尚未發(fā)

理的物種.然而許.多將種由于溫伐保林、污染以及建立人類居住區(qū)而梯臨滅絕.

?t的多樣?性主要集中在熱帶地特別是林區(qū).處「守街狀態(tài)的生境意味育現(xiàn)有物腫的教

■V資源處于平春狀態(tài).葉物多樣性受到源源，繁精力與氣候的修D(zhuǎn).M生物多樣性的生境

越原蛤.就越陵更“她承受自然或人契帶來(lái)的變遷或威脅,因?yàn)檫@腫變遷可以通過(guò)生境內(nèi)其

他地方的蠲整加以平衡，遭到破壞的生境可俺由于某一通一物種的滅絕，造成食物使的斷裂，

而最終消逝.由此可見(jiàn)，牛將多樣忤有助于防止物腫的滅絕，保將自然平衡.1992年.在歌介

國(guó)環(huán)境與發(fā)展大會(huì)上，130多個(gè)國(guó)家簽署了保護(hù)地球生物多怦性條約.

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