四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文-經(jīng)典替換詞

經(jīng)典替換詞1individuals,characters,folks(people,persons)2charming,decent,fascinating,desirable,prosperous,positive,favorable,rosy,promising,perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding(good)3wrong,plain,negative,useless,evil,darkside,nasty,dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(bad)4anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,many,ifnotmost(many)注意查清ifnotmost的用法5asliceof,quiteafew,several(some)6harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat(think)注意書(shū)面語(yǔ)that一般不省略7affair,business,matter(thing)8shared(common)注意只是某些情況9reaphugefruits(getmuchbenefit)10formypart,frommyownperspective(inmyopinion)11increasing(ly),growing(moreandmore)注意沒(méi)有g(shù)rowingly，當(dāng)修飾名詞用increasing/growing。修飾副詞用increasingly。另外參照紅皮教材。12littleifanything,littleornothing(hardly)13beneficialrewarding(helpful)14shopper,client,consumer,purchaser(customer)15exceedingly,extremely,rather,fairly,greatly,considerably,exceedingly(very)16hardlyunnecessary,inevitable(necessary)17sthappealstosb,sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb(sbtakeinterestin)18captureone’sattention(attractone’sattention)19facet,dimension,sphere(aspect)注意sphere用時(shí)要謹(jǐn)慎，facet更好用20beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof(分別代替indicate,suggest,fear)21giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger(cause)注意trigger引發(fā)一連串不好的事情22thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth(reasonsforsth)23desire(want)24pourattentioninto(payattentionto)25bearinmindthat(remember)26enjoy,possess(have)注意possess是一個(gè)過(guò)程的感覺(jué)27interaction(communication)28frownonsth(beagainst,disagreewithsth)29tonameonlyafew,asanexample,forinstance(forexample)30nextto/virtuallyimpossible(nearlyimpossible)31beinterested,befondof,crazyabout,fanaticalabout,favorite,bekeenon(like)32fascinating,lovely,pure,handsome,promising,appealing(beautiful)33modernization,globalization,industrialization,update,upgrade(development)34significant,essential,substantial,playavitalpart(important)35argue,declare,admit,guess,reckon,conclude,Iholdtheopinionthat,asfarasIamconcerned(think)36discuss,talkabout(say)37means,measure,remedy,approach(method)38notice,observe,beconfrontedwith,witness(see)39achieve,accomplish,implement,fulfill(finish,complete)40reject,object,decline,thelastthing,anythingbut(refuse)41seek,chase,pursue,explore,trace(follow)查清搭配42alike,equivalent,identical,similar(same)43slim,tiny,minute,minor,insignificant(small)44obvious,transparent,knowntoall,well-believed,widely-held(clear)45vacant,blank,idle,bare,hollow(empty)46inspire,stimulate,impulse,motivate(encourage)47disaster,misfortune,tragedygrief,sorrow(badluck)48sole,unique,single,lonely(only)49illustrate,demonstrate,indicate,reveal,illuminate(show)50flaw,error,fault,weakness,defect(mistake)51obligation,responsibility,liability,charge(duty)52accumulate,assemble,crowd(join)53present,up-to-date,contemporary,nowadays(now)54desirable,advisable,priceless,feasible(valuable)國(guó)內(nèi)考試作文常用表達(dá)(2008-10-1012:01:54)標(biāo)簽：雜談分類(lèi)：考研與四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作基本表達(dá)(BasicElementsofEnglishWriting)：

越來(lái)越：beincreasinglyadj.,beontherise,thegrowingnumberof

人們認(rèn)為：itisgenerally/widelybelieved/held/agreedthat

許多問(wèn)題：ahostof/anumberofproblems

引起人們注意：claimcall/attractgeneral/public/worldattentiontosth.意識(shí)到：thereisagrowingawareness/realizationof/that,awakensb.tothefact/danger

適應(yīng)新的形勢(shì)/變化：adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftonewenvironment/change

接觸各種思想/經(jīng)歷：beexposedtonewideas/experiences/problems

接觸社會(huì)：comeintofrequent/closecontactwiththeworld/society

獲得成功：achieve/accomplishsuccess

提出觀點(diǎn)/建議：advance/putforward/comeupwiththearguments/ideas/suggestions

作出努力：maketremendous/persistent/sustainedefforttodosth.,takegreatpainstodo(withwork/study)

影響學(xué)習(xí)/工作：interferewithstudies/work

產(chǎn)生影響：have/exertaprofoundinfluenceonlife/personality,haveadramatic/undesirableeffecton

較好地駕馭生活：beabetterpilotofone'slife

剝奪機(jī)會(huì)/權(quán)力：depriveoneselfofthechance/right/opportunity

取代就的方式：substitutefor/taketheplaceoftheoldway

采取措施：takeeffectivesteps/measuresto

控制我們的環(huán)境：take/gainincreasingcontroloverourownenvironment

躲避危險(xiǎn)/挑戰(zhàn)：shy/runawayfromthedangers/challenge滿(mǎn)足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodatethedemandof

補(bǔ)償損失：compensatefor/makeupfortheloss/damage

解釋某現(xiàn)象：accountfor/explainthephenomenon

對(duì)……很好的了解：haveabetterunderstanding/appreciationof,haveanewperspectiveon.provide/gainaninsightinto

把某因素考慮進(jìn)去：takesth.Intoaccount(consideration),givemuchthoughtto

品位人生/自由/青春：savorthelife/freedom/youth

培養(yǎng)對(duì)……的信心：develop/fosterone'sinterest/confidencein

經(jīng)歷變化/困難/艱險(xiǎn)：undergo/experiencegreatchanges/hardships/experience

表現(xiàn)出自信心等：projectone'sconfidence/feeling/image

生活充滿(mǎn)不公正的地方：lifeisfullofminorirritation/injustice

追求學(xué)習(xí)/職業(yè)：pursueone'sacademicinterest/professionalcareer

學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)/技術(shù)：pursue/acquireknowledge/technology/skill

被看作學(xué)習(xí)的……榜樣：beheldupasagoodexample

交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)/知識(shí)：shareexperience/ideas/problems/knowledge

發(fā)揮/起到重要作用：playan(important/active/great)role/part逃學(xué)/缺課：skipschool/aclass/ameeting/alecture

知識(shí)/經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富：richinknowledge/experience

確立/追求目標(biāo)：set/pursueagoal/higherstandard

到達(dá)目標(biāo)：achieve/accomplish/stainthegoal/aim/objective

克服困難：overcomeobstacles/difficulty

面臨危險(xiǎn)/困難：beconfronted/facedwith/inthefaceofdanger/difficulty

阻礙了成功：standinthewayofsuccess,beanobstacle/barriertosuccess/growth

阻礙了發(fā)展：hamper/impede/stuntthedevelopmentofThecontents持傳統(tǒng)的看法：holdconventionalwisdom

發(fā)表看法：voice/expressone'sopinion

持相反/合理的觀點(diǎn)：taketheopposite/freshview

揭穿某種一貫的說(shuō)法：shatterthemythof

求得幫助：enlistone'ssupport/help

縮小差別：bridge/narrow/fillthegap/gulf(betweencityandcountry)

把成功/錯(cuò)誤歸咎于：attribute/ownthesuccess/failureto

對(duì)……重要：beindispensable/important/vitalto

施加壓力：put/exertaacademicpressureon重視：assign/attachmuchimportance/significanceto

強(qiáng)調(diào)：place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueon

把注意力集中在：focus/concentrateone'sattention/efforts/thoughtsupon

提供機(jī)會(huì)/信息：provide/offer/furnishanopportunity/informationforsb.

抓住機(jī)會(huì)：grab/seize/taketheopportunity

得到機(jī)會(huì)：enjoy/gainaccesstoaopportunity/information

有可能：thereis(little/much)possibility/likelihoodthat,chances/theoddsarethat

展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：competeagainst/withsb.fortheprize/position/control/themasteryof開(kāi)展運(yùn)動(dòng)：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)campaign(for/against)

對(duì)我很有/沒(méi)有什么意義：makemuch/littlesensetome

帶來(lái)無(wú)窮的幸福/滿(mǎn)足：beasourceofhappinesssatisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint

獻(xiàn)身于：devote/dedicate/commitoneselftoacause/career

大不（沒(méi)什么）兩樣：makemuch(little/no)difference

真正重要的是：whatreallymatters/accountsis…

改變生活旅程：change/alterthecourseoflife建立在大量的學(xué)習(xí)/實(shí)踐上：builtontremendousamountofstudy/practice

進(jìn)行調(diào)查/執(zhí)行任務(wù)：conduct/carryoutanstudy/task/experiment

辭去工作/學(xué)習(xí)：leave/quitone'sjob/work/school

參加考試/競(jìng)賽等：enter(for)theexamination/contest,race

參加活動(dòng)/討論：takepart/participate/beengagedinsports/activities/discussion

影響思想/態(tài)度/事件的形成：shapeone'sthinking/attitude

進(jìn)入大學(xué)/社會(huì)/家庭/勞力市場(chǎng)/職業(yè)：enteraschool/college/society/theworkforce/professionals實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieveone'sdream(hops/wish/desire)

減輕壓力/緊張：reduce/alleviate/relievethestress/pressure/tension

提高社會(huì)地位：enhance/improve/upgradesocialstatus/position/standingrisetothepositionofleadership

提高技術(shù)/能力：sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one'sskill/ability

加快/促進(jìn)發(fā)展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boostthedevelopmentof

隨著生活節(jié)奏的加快：withthequickeningpace/rhythm/tempoofmodernlife/society開(kāi)闊眼界/興趣：broadenone'sinterest/outlook,expand(broaden/enlarge)one'smentalhorizons

有助于了解/發(fā)展/宣傳/解決：contributemuch/little/greatly/toabetterunderstandingof/thepopularityof/thegrowthof/thesolutionof

有助于解決問(wèn)題：goalongwayto(towards)solvingtheproblem

迷戀名利/分?jǐn)?shù)：beobsessed/preoccupiedwithgrades/fame/fortune

把時(shí)間花/浪費(fèi)在：spend/wastetimedoingsth.,putinhoursdoingsth.

利用機(jī)會(huì)/技術(shù)：make(full/better)useof/takeadvantageofopportunity/time,tap/harnesstechnologypotential/skills/talent把知識(shí)/經(jīng)驗(yàn)運(yùn)用到…：apply/putthetheory/knowledge/experience…topractice/dailylife/gooduse

取得進(jìn)步：makemuchprogress/strides/gainsin

充分發(fā)揮潛力/能力：developone'sability/potentialtothefull,givefullplaytoone'sability

充滿(mǎn)激情/渴望：haveaburningdesire/agreatpassionfor寫(xiě)作練習(xí)方法溫故而知新（一）(2008-10-1014:34:22)標(biāo)簽：雜談分類(lèi)：考研與四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作近日想到06年在東方的同事路程，實(shí)在是作文教學(xué)中的好手，卻行卷求學(xué)于名校，無(wú)緣東方。痛惜。又溫故而知新練習(xí)法也很多取材于此君，書(shū)于此以饗諸位。溫故——u表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)1)have/hold/expressopinions/viewsabout/on/that2)take/hold/havetheattitudethat/towards3)inone’sopinion/view/pointofview注意：Inmyopinion,Ithink…是疊床架屋之舉，刪去一個(gè)。4)beconvincedthat相當(dāng)于firmlybelievethat5)deem（正式）認(rèn)為，視為。注意三種用法：加從句：Theydeemedthathewasafool.加形容詞：Thenovelwasdeemedsuccessful.加名詞：Ideemitmydutytohelpthepoor.6)presume由某事推出某個(gè)結(jié)論：IpresumefromhisaccentthatheisanAmerican.7)suppose側(cè)重于主觀推斷，認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如何。Isupposethatyouhavebeentherebefore.8)maintain,argue,assert,emphasize…u表示同意agreethat/with/to/on1)approveofsth.2)takeapositiveattitudetowardsthat3)consentofsth./todosth.4)accedetosth.正式用語(yǔ)，（最初不同意）同意，答應(yīng)。Thegovernmentwouldnotaccedetopublicpressure.accedtoarequest/aproposal這個(gè)詞還有繼職、就任的意思：accedetotheminister5)Support6）vote/ballotfor/against，castone’svote/ballotfor/againstu表示反對(duì)或意見(jiàn)不一disagree1)oppose/beopposedto側(cè)重于積極的對(duì)抗態(tài)度和行為，Congressisopposedtothemilitarybudget.2)objecttosth.有強(qiáng)烈的不喜歡，逆反的涵義，Whydoyoualwaysobjecttoeverythinghewishedtodoforyou?There’snothingwrongwithbeingpaintedinthenude;artistsdoitallthetime.Butoursillyhusbandshaveawayofobjectingtothatsortofthing.3)resist有一種公開(kāi)性，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)外在威脅力量的驅(qū)除。抵制。TheyhadresistedtheandfinallydestroyedtheRomanEmpire.4)bedividedover在某件事情上有分歧。u表達(dá)應(yīng)該做某事should/oughttodo1)besupposedtodo2)beexpectedtodo3)beone’sduty/responsibility/obligationto知新——u引起大雨引起了水災(zāi)。Theheavyrain_______aflood.他的新建議引起了他人的好奇心。Hisnewsuggestion_________theothers’curiosity.這部電影引起了我對(duì)童年的回憶。Thisfilm__________mymemoryofchildhood.人口的增長(zhǎng)引起了住房的不足。Theincreasingpopulation_________theshortageofhousing.1)cause是“引起”的全方位對(duì)等值對(duì)應(yīng)詞。不管引起的是什么事物、現(xiàn)象或活動(dòng)，一般均可用cause表示。盡管如此，cause在表意上仍然有側(cè)重——不如意或意外的發(fā)生。NorthChinawashitbyunexpectedheavyrainwhichcausedsevereflooding.Theearthquakehascausedonlyslightdamagesofhouses.Manydiseasesarecausedbymicrobes.2)arouse側(cè)重對(duì)某些心理活動(dòng)的激起，以使其變得更活躍、更明顯。Hisspeecharousedpublicindignation.sb’scuriosity,suspicion.3)provoke=tocauseafeelingorattentionThislittlearticlehasprovokedgreatinterestofauthorities.4)evoke側(cè)重意念amemory,情感afeeling的激起。Thatmovieevokednicememoriesofmychildhood.(callup)Thesuggestionoftheheadmasterevokedaheateddiscussion.(stirup)5)whet引起食欲。Nothingcanwhetmyappetite.6)originate側(cè)重于起源，發(fā)源。Theuseofsteamoriginatedmanyotherreforms.Manyotherreformsoriginatedintheuseofsteam.蒸汽為因，改革為果。7)giveriseto,giveoccasionto,givebirthto,leadto,setoff,touchoff,stirup,bringforth,callforth多見(jiàn)于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。Theincreaseinpopulationgaverisetoashortageofhouses.Thatremarkgaveoccasiontoaburstoflaughter.Thenewplancalledforthagooddealofcriticism.Theinclementweatherbroughtforthahostofdiseases.Minditwillsetoffachainreaction.Conflictofinterestsbetweentheimperialistsgavebirthtotwoworldwars.8)resultfrom,resultin側(cè)重表示由于某一過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)期延續(xù)而形成的必然結(jié)果。Liverandkidneydamagesresultfromprolongusageofanumberofdrugs.Sicknessoftenresultsfromeatingtoomuch.9)beresponsiblefor+事情，to+人表示這層含義的時(shí)候，作主語(yǔ)的必須是表示人的主語(yǔ)。Theonlyreasonresponsibleforthetrafficaccidentiscarelessnessofthedriver.u負(fù)責(zé)這邊的事由你負(fù)責(zé)。Youare___________theaffairshere.他對(duì)工作很負(fù)責(zé)。Heis__________1)charge相當(dāng)于havethemanagementof，傾向于管理。beinthechargeof,beleftinchargeof,takechargeof,havechargeof,put…underone’schargeHowwoulditbeforyoutotakechargeofthisclass?Shetookchargeofthefamilybusinesswhenherfatherdied.Hehasbeeninchargeofthewholeofficefor10years.Whoisinthechargeofthiswork?Whoishavingchargeofthiswork?Heisinfullchargeofsecurityaffairs.Mr.Wangwasleftinfullchargeofthecompany’sbusinesswhilethebosswasill.Thegeneralmanagerputeverythingundermyfullcharge.2)responsibility對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，傾向于“責(zé)任”bearresponsibilityfor,take(up)responsibility,taketheresponsibilityfor/ofdoingsth.lackresponsibility,admitresponsibilityfor,shouldertheresponsibilityfor,assumeresponsibility,accept/undertaketheresponsibilityforSuccessfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture-notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Heislackingresponsibilityinhiswork.Wemustbravelyshouldertheresponsibilityforourownacts.Allofuswanttosharetheresponsibilitywithyou.3)responsibleberesponsibleforsth.,beresponsibletosb.,beresponsibletosb.forsth.HoldoneselfresponsibletoThepilotoftheplaneisresponsibleforthepassengers’safety.Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?Ourdutyistoholdourselvesresponsibletothepeople.Wemustberesponsibletothepeoplefortheirinterests.Whoisthepersonresponsible?Yoursidewillberesponsibleforalltheconsequencesarisingtherefrom.Allthemembersofthecommitteeareresponsibledirectlytothepresident.4)undertake/takeup承擔(dān)某個(gè)特定任務(wù)，擔(dān)負(fù)起做……事的責(zé)任，前者為書(shū)面，后者為口語(yǔ)Afriendundertooktotapetheproceedingsattheopeningoftheexhibition.Hehastakenuptoomuch.5)answerfor,beanswerablefor,強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任beincontrol,beinone’shands,側(cè)重對(duì)……的管理seeabout,seeto,calltheshots,安排或關(guān)照，后者可直譯為“發(fā)號(hào)施令”，引申為對(duì)……事全權(quán)負(fù)責(zé)reston/uponone’sshoulders，句型。對(duì)……事?lián)?fù)起責(zé)任。這些詞組多見(jiàn)于非正式場(chǎng)合。Whoisincontrolhere？（語(yǔ)氣較重）Whoisinchargehere？Whoisthepersonresponsiblehere？Icannotanswerforotherpeople’smistakes.Ifanythinggoeswrong,you’llhavetoanswerforit.I’llseeaboutthefuel.Youwon’tbeputtothattroubleagain;I’llseetothat.Thematterisinyourhands.Thetaskrestedsquarelyonourshoulders.I’mcallingtheshotshere.u決心做……1)todetermine程度較強(qiáng)。tobedetermined,tobebound,后一種多用于口語(yǔ)。都是下定決心，決心干某事的意思。ThePLAmenweretoboundtofulfillthetaskevenattheriskoftheirlives.WearedeterminedtogettheworkdonebeforeMayDay.HehasdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.2)tomakeupone’smind,口語(yǔ)色彩tomakeapointofdoingsth.tomakeitapointtodosth.書(shū)面語(yǔ)。Everybodyofusmustmakeapointofbeingpunctual.XiaoWangmadeitapointtolearntennewwordseveryday.XiaoWangmadeitapointoflearningtennewwordseveryday.He’smadeuphismindtolearnEnglishwell.3)toresolve,tomakearesolve,toberesolved,tomakegoodresolutions.語(yǔ)義較重，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)的表達(dá)。WeareresolvedtofulfillthetaskssetbeforeusbytheParty.Thelocalresidentsresolvedtohavethefloodchecked.Hemakesgoodresolutionstodothewordwell,butheneverkeepsthem.Weresolvetobecomeonewiththemasses.4)topledge,topledgeoneselfto語(yǔ)義重，有莊嚴(yán)的語(yǔ)體色彩。Hepledgedtocompletehisfather’sunfinishedtask,whateverthecostmightbe.Theypledgedthemselvestosavetheircomrades.5)tosetone’smindonsth,/doingsth.,tobeseton/upondoingsth.口語(yǔ)中慣用的表達(dá)方式。Weseton/upontransformingthebarrenhillstowell-cultivatedland.HehassethismindongoingtoOxfordUniversity.Shesethermindonfindingoutwhoitwas.6)vow,makeavow,beunderavowtodo.誓言，發(fā)誓。有堅(jiān)定不移的語(yǔ)義Wevowtobuildupourfactoryandmakeitastrongmodernenterprisebytheyear2008.Heisunderavowtodrinknowine.7)我們學(xué)過(guò)的一些簡(jiǎn)單表達(dá)法：shall,簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用。語(yǔ)氣較弱。Weshallbethechampions!bereadyto,由“準(zhǔn)備”這個(gè)意義引申。Afterhearingthestory,wearereadytohelpothers.decidetodo…強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃上將要做某事，“下決心”的意味沒(méi)有determine強(qiáng)烈。u發(fā)生happen,occur1)happen,強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性的色彩，usuallybyaccident.occur暗示“某種現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生往往與人們的思想活動(dòng)或一定的客觀規(guī)律有關(guān)?！眱烧叨寄芘cto連用。happen為通用語(yǔ)體詞，occur則為書(shū)面語(yǔ)體詞，多用于正式場(chǎng)合。Aleapyearoccurseveryfouryear.Ithappenedtomeanhourago.1)takeplace,comeabout與happen完全等值。前者口筆語(yǔ)通用，后者多用于口語(yǔ)。Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?Theaccidenttookplaceonthehighway.Themediahaveflockedtotheplacewheretheeventtookplace.4)witness,see主語(yǔ)必須是年代或地點(diǎn)。Theyear1949sawagreatchangeinChina.Thecityhasseenquiteafewearthquakes.Beijingwitnessmanyagreathistoricevent.Theyear1976witnessmanyearth-shakingeventsinChina.5)succeed繼……之后，表示一系列事物或現(xiàn)象的連續(xù)發(fā)生。Oneeventsucceededanother.Duringmyillness,onetroublesucceededanother.6)turnup強(qiáng)調(diào)突然或意外，多用于口語(yǔ)。manifestoneself,多指事物、現(xiàn)象的顯露beinthewind強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生。Nosuchdiseasemanifesteditselfintheseyears.Somethingunexpectedhasturnedup.Shewastoldthatsomethingunusualwasinthewind.Thereissomethinginthewind.7)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)Therehavebeenmanysuchuprisingsinthehistoryofourcountry.寫(xiě)作練習(xí)方法溫故而知新（二）(2008-10-1014:36:34)u在于漢語(yǔ)中，“在于”通常有兩種意思，我們來(lái)體會(huì)下面兩個(gè)句子：1、指出事物的本質(zhì)所在：革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的目的在于消滅戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。2、指出關(guān)鍵所在：決定于，取決于。這件事成功與否在于他自己了。1)liein,liewith,lieinthefactthat指出關(guān)鍵所在Theremedyliesineducation.Wheredoesthedifficultylie?Itliesinthelackoffullproof.Thefundamentalwayourforagricultureliesinmechanization.Ourdifficultyliesinthefactthatwedon’tknowEnglish.Itlieswithhiswhetherhewillstudyornot.2)consistin:have…asthechieforonlyelementLeadershipconsistsinfarsightednessandforgiveness.Happinessconsistsincontentment.Happinessconsistsinservingthepeoplewholeheartedly.Nationalstrengthconsistsnotonlyinnationalarmies.2)stemfrom流行于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中的說(shuō)法。起源于，發(fā)生于，滋長(zhǎng)于。有追根溯源的隱含意味。Hiserrorstemsfromselfishness.Ourfailurestemsfromthelackofexperience.5)be主語(yǔ)多為point,idea,trouble,reason,worry,argument,suggestion,等。正是，就是的意思。一般主語(yǔ)比較抽象，需要系動(dòng)詞后面的表語(yǔ)加以說(shuō)明。Thepointindisputeisthetitletothisnewly-foundmanuscript.Theproblemishowtoreducecosts.Thetroubleisthatwedon’tknowEnglish.Inhisbook,thefunctionoftelevisionistoedify,nottoentertain.u安排1)arrange有事先作好準(zhǔn)備的意思。Wehavearrangedtwotripsforthestudents.TheleadershiphasarrangedforXiaoWangtoattendthemeeting.Wehavearrangedvisitsandsightseeingtripsfortheforeignguests.Everythinghasbeenarranged.Itisuptoyoutoarrangefortheconference.2)Makeproper/necessary/excellent/adequate/last-minute/make-shift/all/afewarrangementsPleasemakeproperarrangementsinthelightofthespecificsituation.Wemustmakeadequatearrangementsforthedailylifeofthestudents.Ifarrangementscouldbemade,Istillhopeyouwillcome.Doyouagreetothisarrangement?Whatdoyousaytothisarrangement?Theschoolauthoritieshavealreadymadethearrangements.3)fix,manage前者有明顯的口語(yǔ)色彩。后者有克服困難想方設(shè)法做到的隱含意味。Don’tworry.I’llfixeverythingforyou.Ifyouwanttomeetthem,Icanfixit.Properlymanaged,themoneycanlastthemthreemonths.Idoubtwhethertheycanmanageeverythingintime.3)seeabout,seeto美國(guó)慣用語(yǔ)。原意是關(guān)照。但在某些情境下，就對(duì)應(yīng)了中文的“安排”之意。I’llseetoittomorrow.明天我把這件事安排一下。We’vebeenseeingaboutajobforyousincelastweek.Ihaveseentoitthatthenursediddaydutyonly.Thereareallkindsofthingsthathavetobeseenabout.4)layonfor,layout有明顯的口語(yǔ)色彩。前者尤用在服務(wù)性句子中。后者有精心考慮的意味。Concertswerelaidon(=arranged)fortheforeignguests.Theworkfortomorrowisalllaidout.(=isallwellarranged)5)schedule強(qiáng)調(diào)安排工作的時(shí)間性、程序性。在美語(yǔ)中常用。What’syourschedulefortomorrow?Wewanttoscheduleamatchforthenextweek.8)getup,workthings,前者是褒義短語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)工作做得井井有條。后者是arrangematters.Thisbookhasbeengotupverynicelybythedesignersandprinters.IthinkIcanworkthings,sotherewillbenoproblem.I’dliketoaskyoutogetupaspecialperformanceforthenewstudents.6)reset,budget前者有重新安排的含義。后者強(qiáng)調(diào)精心使用。Arrangeagain,arrangeproperlyThethingsarechangingallthetime,sowemustresetourbusinesshours.Theexaminationisathand,andyoumustbudgetyourtime.7)setaside+time,choose+timeWesetasideoneafternooninaweekforvocationalstudy.Mysuggestionisthatwemustsetasidemoretimefororalpractice.Tochoosetimeistosavetime.u情況1)situation在某一時(shí)期里一個(gè)單位或一個(gè)地區(qū)事物的全貌。尤指復(fù)雜狀態(tài)或事態(tài)。Itisveryimportanttohandlecomplexsituationsaptly.Afterhearingthereportfrombelow,thenewly-appointedmanagergotageneralpictureofthesituationinthecompany.Iknowverylittleaboutthesituationthere.Howisthesituationatthefront?Thesituationadmitsofnodelay.2)case一個(gè)個(gè)具體的或暫時(shí)的情況。Specialcases,ofcourse,needspecialconsideration.Thoseareisolatedcases.Thisruledoesnotreachthecase.Thosearetwodifferentcases.Whatisthepracticeinsuchcases?3)matter,affairorthingsMatter,多指重要的事情或情況Affair通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且不加任何冠詞，多指與日常公事有關(guān)的情況。Things用法特色同上，多指與日常生活中的一般事物有關(guān)的情況。前兩者有書(shū)面語(yǔ)色彩。Theministerpersonallyexplainedthemattertotheambassadors.Howdomatters/thingsstandwiththem?Thingsgotmuchbetterlateron.Thingsarewellagainwithus.What’sthestateofaffairs?Hetoldushowaffairsstoodinthecountryside.3)facts,conditions當(dāng)“情況”在具體語(yǔ)境中有事實(shí)或條件的意味時(shí)，可酌情。Wemustdetermineworkingpoliciesinthelightofactualconditions.Conditionsarechangingallthetime.Nouniformityshouldbeimposedsinceconditionsvaryfromplacetoplace.Inviewoftheabove-mentionedfacts,wewishtomakethefollowingproposals.4)circumstances周?chē)氖聭B(tài)狀態(tài)。多用在作狀語(yǔ)的慣用搭配中。UndernocircumstancesIn/undercertaincircumstancesInthepresent/prevailingcircumstancesUndersuchcircumstancesUndersimilarcircumstancesInthesecircumstancesonlythreecoursesareopentous.Underthecircumstanceswehadtogiveuptheplan.Insuchcircumstanceswecan’taffordtowaitanylonger.5)略而不譯關(guān)于那件事的情況，請(qǐng)你告訴我。pleaseinformmeastouchingthematter.今天早晨病人的情況加重了。Thepatientisgettingworsethismorning.u管理管理生產(chǎn)（公司。旅店，商店）___________production,company,hotel,business管理華僑事務(wù)___________affairsconcerningoverseasChinese管理群眾生活_____________theeverydaylifeofthemasses管理家務(wù)__________thehousehold管理學(xué)校___________aschool管理城市_____________acity1)manager側(cè)重對(duì)business的管理，即對(duì)生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)或各類(lèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體的管理Idon’tthinkheisabletomanagesuchabigfactory./farm,/storeThehotelisbadlymanaged.Themajorcorporationismanagedbyaboardofthreedirectors.2)administer側(cè)重指對(duì)于affair的管理，因而與非生產(chǎn)性單位的行政事務(wù)有關(guān)的管理，則多用administer.有些句子兼有上述兩種色彩，所以可以兼用。Agovernmentthatisbadlyadministeredcanneverbeexpectedtolastlong.Inourcountryitispeoplewhoadministertheaffairsofthestate.InmanyJapanesehomesthefunds/thefinancialaffairsareadministeredbythewife.3)run=beinthechargeof不管是對(duì)business還是affairs的管理，均可以用run表示。漢語(yǔ)“管理”和run有全方面對(duì)等的關(guān)系。有明顯的口語(yǔ)色彩。Mr.Wanghasbeenrunningthisfactory/company/theatre/school/publishinghouseformorethan20years.Peoplehavetherighttoruntheirownaffairs.Anoldwomanrunsthehouseforme.4)govern法制管理，rule意志管理。兩者都是權(quán)力性管理。而manager和administer是專(zhuān)業(yè)性管理和行政性管理。注意這句話：Thecountryisruledbutnotgoverned.Infact,thecityisgovernedbynobody.Thenewpresidentgovernsthebeautifulcountry.Theheadmasterruledtheschoolwithafirmhand.4)control/havecontrolover突出控制lookafter,突出關(guān)照料理regulate,強(qiáng)調(diào)“調(diào)節(jié)”supervise,，突出督察operate，作為“管理”的對(duì)等詞，是美國(guó)人常用的表達(dá)法。我認(rèn)為類(lèi)似于中國(guó)人說(shuō)的“運(yùn)作”Thenewteacherhasagoodcontroloverthegraduationclass.TheEducationDepartmenteffectivelycontrolsalltheschoolsinthecity.Thedepartmentisoperateddirectlybythepresident.Lookingaftertheeverydaylifeofthemassesisofgreatimportance.其他高頻詞匯——u各種各樣1)allkindsof,allsortsof,2)allmannerof多用于口語(yǔ)。Mygrandfatherhasseenallmannerofmen.Allmannerofthingswerehappening.Allmannerofquestions,allmannerofexcusesforbeinglate/absenceOfeverydescription/ofalldescriptionsThedepartmentstorehasgoodsofalldescriptions.Therearepeopleofalldescriptions.Ourlibraryhasmagazinesofeverydescription.3)various,avarietyof,側(cè)重于指一種東西的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不同的品種，或不同的表現(xiàn)形式，或同一件事在細(xì)節(jié)上的差別。表明多樣化的同時(shí)，又強(qiáng)調(diào)差別的意味。Variousaccountsoftheincidentwerereported.Variousinterpretationswereattemptedtoaccountfortheexperimentalresultbutwithnoavail.Ironhasavarietyofuse.4)diverse,adiversity,強(qiáng)調(diào)性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)或形式上的全然不同。TheEuropeanpeoplespeakdiverselanguages.Apersonofdiverseinterestscantalkonmanysubjects.5)mixed，常喻指事物的多樣化或感情上的悲喜交織。Theplay?Itwasamixedexperience.Somepartswereadeadlybore,butotherswereinteresting.Amixedfeeling.u大概1)probably,presumably,maybe有……的可能性?？赡堋?)about,approximate,approximately,3)orso,orthereabout,intherough,moreorless,beforeorafter4)adozenorsoTheteacherisfortyorthereaboutThedictionaryisworthtenyuanintherough.Istillhavemoreorlesstwentypagestocover.We’llbethroughwithourworkbeforeoraftertheendofthismonth.5)some,somearound,后者為美國(guó)用法。Itmustbesomewhereround6.Thedelegationwillarrivesomewhereabout9o’clock.Thatwassometwentyyearsago.Astotheattackplan,thecommandergaveusonlyabriefaccount.Fromthereportwecoulddrawonlyageneralpicture.Theauthorofthearticlehasmadeonlyaroughestimateaboutthesituation.EverybodyacknowledgethatNewtonwasagreatman;yetfewpeoplehavemorethanthevaguestacquaintancewithhislivingpersonality.u非常1)very,verymuchgreatly,terribly,deeply,awfully,highly,frightfully,simply,badly,vastly,extremely,immensely,…Weneedthisdictionarybadly.Iamawfullysorryforit.2)注意：most在某些情況下也有非常的意思，不用定冠詞the的時(shí)候。Thisisamostinterestingfilm.就相當(dāng)于我們中國(guó)人說(shuō)，這是一部頂頂有趣的電影。并不表示最高程度，而是非常的意思。Ironismostuseful.Thedesignofanaircraftisamostcomplicatedmatter.3)buttoo…to,onlytoo…toWearebuttoogladtodoso.Weareonlytoopleasedtoworktogetherwiththeworkers.Iamonlytoogladtogothere.Weshallbeonlytoopleasedtohearfromyou.4)morethanWearemorethanwillingtoseehimhereagain.Everybodywasmorethanhappytohearofyoursuccessintheexperiment.Thesoldiersweremorethanbrave.5)用反身代詞itself表示終極概念。相當(dāng)于我們中國(guó)人說(shuō)“極其”。Thenewlybuiltbridgeismagnificenceitself.Tothepeople,heisloyaltyitself.OurEnglishteacherispatienceitself.Heboastedthathiswifewasbeautyitself.6)另一些比較奇特的表達(dá)：Heisburningwithjealousy.Thelittleboyisburningwithdesireforstudy.Thisbookiseversointeresting.Studentsareeversodiligent.Heisevensuchacleverboy.Itisevensuchausefultool.Everybodyenjoyedhimselfeversoattheeveningparty.Boxattheoperacostsnoend.Hehasnoendofbooks.Iamhungrytodeath.I’menjoyingmytripuptothehandle.Hewastiredtotheworld.7)Astheycome,asthedayislong怎么翻譯？Tomwasascleveras