2023《微專題小練習(xí)》英語新教材練習(xí)39語法填空＋閱讀理解

練習(xí)39語法填空＋閱讀理解Ⅰ.語法填空2022·河北邢臺聯(lián)考說明文234詞★★★☆☆Chinahasuncoveredanewhigh-speedbullettrain1.________(design)forextremelycoldclimates.TheCR400AF-Gtraincanoperateatspeedsofupto350kilometersperhour(217mph)intemperaturesaslowas－40℃.ItispartoftheFuxingseriesofhigh-speedelectrictrainsdeveloped2.________operatedbythestate-ownedChinaStateRailwayGroupCompany,Ltd.Thetrain,rolledoutinBeijingonJanuary6,willrunonanewhigh-speedline3.________(connect)thecapitalwithnortheasterndestinationsincludingShenyangandHarbin—thelatterofwhichisfamousfor4.________(it)annualsnowandicefestival.Thetrainalso5.________(feature)astreamlinedlow-resistancedesigntohelpdecreaseenergyconsumption,andalightweightbody.Inareport6.________thestate-ownednewspaperChinaDaily,ZhouSong,directoroftheChinaRailwayBeijingGroup'sbullettraincenterinChaoyangdistrict,offeredananalogy(類比)toexplainthenewtrain'sbrakingsystem,“IfthetrainstopsinHarbin,oneofChina's7.________(cold)cities,foranhour,becauseoftheextremelycoldweather,thebrakingsystemcan8.________(easy)freezeifitstopsmovingforawhile.Thenewsystemwillenablethebrakestomovefromtimetotimeevenifthetrainstops,likeapersonwhostampshisfeet9.________(keep)warmincoldweather.”Today,Chinaishometotheworld'slargesthigh-speedrailnetwork,10.________spreadsover37，000kilometers.Ⅱ.閱讀理解A2021·全國乙卷說明文325詞★★★★☆Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.”Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分貝),70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however，theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.1．Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A．Ithelpshimconcentrate.B．Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C．Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D．Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.2．Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A．Totalsilence.B．50decibels.C．70decibels.D．85decibels.3．Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A．Personalprivacyunprotected.B．Limitedworkingspace.C．Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D．Constantinterruptions.4．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．He'sanewsreporter.B．He'sanofficemanager.C．He'saprofessionaldesigner.D．He'sapublishedwriter.B2022·湖北七校聯(lián)考議論文325詞★★★☆☆Standinginmyoffice25yearsagowasanunknown,newlyrisingastronomerwithahalf-smileonherface.Shehadcomewithademandthatmyteamchangeourtestedsoftwaretomakeoneofourmostimportantandin-demandscientificinstrumentsdosomethingithadneverbeendesignedfor,andriskbreakingitdown.Alltocarryoutanexperimentthatwasbasicallyawasteoftimeandcouldn'tbedone—toprovethatamassiveblackholehidatthecenterofourMilkyWay.Myinitial“noway”graduallygavewayinthefaceofhercheerfulbutfirmdetermination.Itwasmyfirstencounterwithaforceofnature,AndreaGhez,oneofthreewinnersoftheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin2020.ThatdeterminationandthewillingnesstotakecalculatedriskshasalwayscharacterizedAndrea.For25yearsshehasfocusedalmostonlyonSagittariusA—thenameofourownlocalsupermassiveblackhole.AndAndreaisoneofthegreatpioneersinthissearchwithoutquestion.AndreadidherworkattheW．M.KeckObservatory'stwintelescopesonMaunakea,Hawaii.ShestartedusingtheveryfirstinstrumentlicensedonKeckObservatory'sNearInfraredCamera(NIRC).NIRCwasneverdesignedtodowhatAndreaneededbutshewasnottobedenied.Anditworked!Itwasextremelyhardandtime-consumingtomakesenseofthedata,butAndreapersisted.AsAndreawouldbetheveryfirsttoacknowledge,thisvictoryrepresentsthecombinedeffortsofsomany.Butactuallyonepersonhadtheideafortheresearch.Onepersonhadthechutzpah(無所顧忌)toproposeitandonepersonhadthedeterminationandfocustomakeithappen,notdiscouragedbyallwhosaiditwasawasteoftime.ThatpersonisAndreaGhez,winnerofthe2020NobelPrizeforPhysics.5．WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAndreaGhez'srequestatfirst?A．It'sdemanding.B．It'sinteresting.C．It'sacceptable.D．It'smeaningless.6．WhatdowelearnaboutAndreaGhez'sresearchfromParagraph2?A．Ittakesdecadesofefforts.B．Itdealswithpowerofnature.C．It'sapurelyindividualproject.D．It'saboutmeasurementofahole.7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAndreaGhez'sworkinHawaii?A．Dangerous.B．Pleasant.C．Challenging.D．Fruitless.8．WhatdowelearnfromAndreaGhez'ssuccess?A．Itisrewardingtocooperate.B．Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C．Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.D．Persistenceleadstosuccess.答題策略語法填空——名詞名詞題的解題步驟例題Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop________(attract)．步驟①根據(jù)空白處所填詞在句中的成分或作定語的限定詞判斷是否該填名詞(多考查名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語，名詞還可以作同位語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語)②結(jié)合句意確定選擇何種名詞形式③確定名詞的數(shù)答案attraction所填詞在句中作表語，并且有物主代詞its修飾，故應(yīng)用其名詞形式。結(jié)合句意，應(yīng)填attraction練習(xí)39語法填空＋閱讀理解Ⅰ.語法填空【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國設(shè)計(jì)的一款專門抵御極端寒冷氣候的新型動車組列車，并介紹了這種列車的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢。1．答案與解析：designed考查非謂語動詞。句意為：中國推出了一款專門抵御極端寒冷氣候的新型動車組列車。此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式作后置定語，由于train和design之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填designed。2．答案與解析：and考查連詞。句意為：它是由中國國家鐵路集團(tuán)有限公司開發(fā)和運(yùn)營的復(fù)興號系列電力動車組的一部分。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，非謂語動詞developed和operated并列作后置定語修飾trains，故填and。3．答案與解析：connecting考查非謂語動詞。句意為：該列車于1月6日在北京推出，將在一條新高速鐵軌上運(yùn)行，該鐵軌連接首都和東北部的各個(gè)目的地，包括沈陽和哈爾濱——后者以每年的冰雪節(jié)而聞名。句子的主干是“Thetrainwillrunonanewhigh-speedline，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式作后置定語，由于line和connect之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填connecting。4．答案與解析：its考查代詞。句意見上一題解析。此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞作定語，故填its。5．答案與解析：features考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意為：該列車的特點(diǎn)還有流線型的低阻力設(shè)計(jì)，用以降低能耗，以及輕巧的車身。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處是謂語，此處介紹客觀情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語Thetrain是單數(shù)，故填features。6．答案與解析：by/from考查介詞。句意為：在國有報(bào)紙《中國日報(bào)》的一篇報(bào)道中，中國鐵路北京局集團(tuán)有限公司北京動車段朝陽動車運(yùn)用所所長周松用一個(gè)類比來解釋這種新型列車的制動系統(tǒng)……由句意可知，報(bào)道是刊登在《中國日報(bào)》上的，此處可以使用介詞by，意為“由……所做”，或介詞from，意為“來自……”。故填by/from。7．答案與解析：coldest考查形容詞的比較等級。句意為：……如果該列車在中國最寒冷的城市之一——哈爾濱停上一個(gè)小時(shí)……根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級形式，故填coldest。8．答案與解析：easily考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為：……由于天氣極其寒冷，列車如果停止移動一段時(shí)間，制動系統(tǒng)很容易凍結(jié)。此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，修飾謂語canfreeze。故填easily。9．答案與解析：tokeep考查非謂語動詞。句意為：即使列車停下來，新系統(tǒng)也能使制動器時(shí)不時(shí)地移動，就像一個(gè)人在寒冷的天氣里跺腳保暖一樣。此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語，故填tokeep。10．答案與解析：which考查定語從句。句意為：今天，中國擁有世界上最大的高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)，全長超過3.7萬千米。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為railnetwork，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故填which。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，講述了作者對人們放棄使用自己的開放辦公室，而選擇在共享辦公區(qū)域辦公的思考。1．答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice”“That'swhyIhaveamembership...Icanfocus”可知，采訪者喜歡共享辦公區(qū)域的原因是在共享辦公區(qū)域他更能集中精力。2．答案與解析：C考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段中的“thepar