裕興新概念英語第二冊筆記

Lesson52Aprettycarpet美麗的地毯一．單詞講解：★temporarily adv.暫時地temporaryadj.暫時的,臨時的n.臨時工←→permanent

['p?:m?n?nt]adj.永久的,持久的n.<口>燙發(fā)temporaryarrangement臨時性安排temporaryemployment[經(jīng)]臨時職工,臨時工作eg：Thatisonlyatemporarysolutiontotheproblem.temporarilyadv.暫時地,臨時地eg：Itemporarilyputmybooksonthefloor.我暫時把書放在了地板上impermanent

[im'p?:m?n?nt]adj.暫時的,非永久的★inch n.英寸（度量單位）變化形名複inches

變化形動變inched

inched

inching

footn.腳，足；英尺；最下部，底部（1foot＝12inches）eg：Myfoot！去你的！胡說！onfoot步行putone’sfootinone’smouth禍從口出、說錯話inchn.英寸；少量，短距離v.(使)緩慢地移動eg：Don’tmoveaninch.不要亂動byinches險些、差一點eg：Thecarmissedmydogbyinches.差幾英寸就撞上我的狗everyinch⑴整個地方eg：Thepoliceexaminedeveryinchofthehose.警方為尋找線索徹底檢查了整所房子eg：Searcheveryinchofaroom.搜遍了整間屋子⑵完全、不折不扣、徹頭徹尾eg：Helookedeveryinchagentleman.他看上去完全是正人君子.givesbaninchandhe’lltakeamile.得寸進尺★space n.空間同義詞extent,expanse,measure,dimension反義詞time變化形名複spaces

變化形動變spaced

spaced

spacing

⑴outerspace太空,外層空間⑵（c）空白、空隙、空地Thespacesbetweenwords字與字之間的空隙、字間距eg：Isthereaspaceformycar？是否有空間，停我的車？⑶（u）空地方，空處roomeg：Thereisn’tmuchspaceleftforyourluggage.剩下的地方不太夠你放行李的eg：Thetabletakesuptoomuchspace.這張桌子占地方太多。＝Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.space/room/place/seat房間、建築物、車輛等中可容納人或物的範(fàn)圍space/room不確定的範(fàn)圍，可容納下某物或符合某目地的範(fàn)圍space（c）/（u）room（u）place/seat（c）具體空處，通常指座位eg：We’lltrytogetplaces.我們要設(shè)法弄到座位.seatsatthefrontofthetheatre劇場前排好座位★actually adv.adv.實際上,事實上adv.居然,居然（表達驚訝）＝realanactualhappening一件真實事情theactualconditions實際情況eg：Theactualcostwasmuchmorethanwehadexpected.實際成本遠遠超過我們的預(yù)期eg：Whatwereyouractualwords？eg：Hisactualageis45,not25.他的實際年齡是45，不是25actuallyadv.事實上；實際上⑴infact,reallyeg：Actuallyspeaking,Idon’tlikeyourpictures.其實來說，我不喜歡你的照片eg：Whatdoyouactuallymean？你實際上是什麼意思？eg：Helookedcalm,butactuallyhewasverynervous.他看起來平靜，但實際上他很緊張⑵真的；居然eg：Thatbig-bodiedTomactuallyfaintedatthescene.大個子湯姆，居然暈倒在現(xiàn)場二．Keystructures：現(xiàn)在完畢進行時have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞1.具有since和for短語的句子，既可以用現(xiàn)在完畢進行時表達，也可以用現(xiàn)在完畢時表達，但前者比後者更為生動。eg：Ithasbeenraininghardsinceyesterdayanditisstillraining.eg：Ithasrainedforsixweeks.雨下了六個星期了2.現(xiàn)在完畢時→表是經(jīng)驗，動作已經(jīng)完畢或強調(diào)一個結(jié)果現(xiàn)在完畢進行時→表達動作的連續(xù)性，動作還在進行中間，翻譯成”一直…”。eg：Hehasbeenstayingatthishotelforthelastthreeweeks.他過去的三個星期一直住在這家酒店eg：Hehasneverstayedatthishotelbefore.他從來沒有住過這家酒店3.表達某件事做了多少次，或者做了多少件事的時候，只能用現(xiàn)在完畢時（○），而不能用現(xiàn)在完畢進行時（×）eg：IhavereadOliverTwistfivetimes.我已閱讀霧都孤兒五次了eg：IhavebeenreadingOliverTwistallafternoon.下午我一直在讀霧都孤兒用刮號中的動詞正確形式填空：‘Ihaveexplained（explain）thistoyouseveraltimesalready.”saidtheteacher.“Ihopeyouhaveunderstood（understand）itnow.”Thenhelookedatalittleboyatthebackoftheclass.”Haveyoubeenlistening（listen）,Jones？”heasked.“Hereisasimpleproblem：’Sallyhasbeenworking/hasworked（work）inanofficeforweeks.Inthattime,shehaseared（earn）￡300aweek.Howmuchhassheearned（earn）sofar？,“Please,sir.”Jonesanswered：”Icanonlyansweryourfirstquestion.Ihavenotbeenlistening（notlisten）.”※新東方補充：現(xiàn)在完畢時：havedone，表達已完畢的動作現(xiàn)在完畢進行時：havebeendoing，強調(diào)動作在某一段時間內(nèi)一直在進行，并且動作現(xiàn)在有結(jié)果。到現(xiàn)在為止，該動作也許已不再繼續(xù)進行，也也許還在繼續(xù)進行，這要根據(jù)上下文來擬定。句子中常具有all+表達時間的詞語如allday，allmorning等或for和since。Ihavereadthebook.書已看完Ihavebeenreadingthebook.還沒看完,還要繼續(xù)表達連續(xù)性的動詞，如learn，lie，live，rain，sleep，stand，可以同since或for副詞短語連用，也可用于以howlong開頭的疑問句中：I’vebeenworkingforExxonfor15years.現(xiàn)在完畢進行時還可以表達經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作：JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthelastweek.與段時間連用可以用現(xiàn)在完畢時,也可以用現(xiàn)在完畢進行時,但跟次數(shù)連用的,一定只能用完畢時,不能用現(xiàn)在完畢進行時Hehasrungmeupfivetimessince12o’clock.【語法精髓】1、Youshouldgotobed.You(watch)TVfor5hours.2、I(write)letterssincebreakfast.3、I(write)3letterssincebreakfast.4、Sorry,butMr.Smith(leave)forBeijing.5、I(look)forhimeverywhere,wherecanhebe?答案：1、havebeenwatching/havewatched2、havingbeenwriting3、havewritten4、hasleft和現(xiàn)在完畢進行時連用的,一定不能是次數(shù)；和現(xiàn)在完畢進行時連用的動詞,一定不能是短暫動詞，leave是瞬間動詞5、havebeenlooking通過“wherecanhebe?”這句話可知人沒找到,還要繼續(xù)找三．課文講解：★WehavejustmovedintoanewhouseandIhavebeenworkinghardallmorning.我們剛剛搬進一所新房子,我辛辛勞苦地干了整整一個上午.※hardadj./adv.eg：Heisahardworker.eg：Heworkshard.類似詞：fasteg：Heisafastdriver.eg：Hedivesfast.一般而言adj.+ly＝adv.eg：Heisacarefulworker.eg：Heworkscarefully.eg：Shehasabeautifulvoice.eg：Shesingsbeautifully.有些副詞有兩種形式：slow-slowlyeg：Hespeaksslowlytous.eg：Pleasespeakabitslower.high—highlyeg：Theplaneflewveryhigh.eg：Hethinksveryhighlyofme.他對我價很高thinkhighlyofsb對……評價高deep－deeplyeg：Waterwillcomeoutifyoudigthewelldeepenough.eg：Theylovetheircountrydeeply.他們深深地?zé)釔圩约旱膰襤ardadv努力地(的)eg：Heworkedveryhard.他從非常努力地工作hardlyadv.幾乎不，簡直不；剛剛，僅僅Hehardlyeverdoesanywork.他幾乎不曾做任何工作lateadv.晚eg：Thetrainarrivedverylate.火車來晚了latelyadv.最近eg：Haveyoutraveledbytrainlately？最近你有沒有搭乘火車？nearadv.近eg：Hemadesureitwassafebeforehewentnear.他確信它是安全之前，他才走近nearlyadv.幾乎，差一點eg：Hewasnearlyrunoverbyacar.他差一點被車輾過Ihavebeentryingtogetmynewroominorder.我試圖把我的新房間收拾整齊,※getsthinorder使有條理putsthinorder（使）整齊outoforder工作不正常的；不按順序；違反會議規(guī)程的、出故障的ThishasnotbeeneasybecauseIownoverathousandbooks.但這并不容易,由于我有1,000多本書.※over：morethan超過…的Tomakemattersworse,theroomisrathersmall,soIhavetemporarilyputmybooksonthefloor.更糟糕的是房間還非常小,所以我暫時把書放在了地板上.※tomakemattersworse插入語，用逗號隔開類似含意短語有：what’sworse更糟糕的是worsethanall最糟糕的是rather+名詞性短語eg：Thejobisratherabore.rather修飾名詞時，置於冠詞之前。eg：Itwasratheracoldday.＝Itwasarathercoldday.名詞前有形容詞時，rather可放在不定冠詞後。rather與fairly區(qū)別：rather→修飾表否認含意的詞，或自身為否認的含義。fairly→修飾表肯定含意的詞，或自身為肯定含意eg：It’sratherwarmtoday.今天相當(dāng)熱eg：It’sfairlywarmtoday.今天相當(dāng)暖和rather可用於比較級too之前而fairly則不能eg：Ididratherbettermuchthistime.eg：Thisisrathertoomuchforme.Atthemoment,theycovereveryinchoffloorspaceandIactuallyhavetowalkonthemtogetinoroutoftheroom.這會兒,書把地板的每一點空隙都占據(jù)了,我事實上是踩著這些書進出房間的.※atthemoment＝now＝atpresent此刻，目前※everyinch完全，徹底Ashortwhileago,mysisterhelpedmetocarryoneofmyoldbookcasesupthestairs.幾分鐘前,我妹妹幫我把一個舊書櫥抬上了樓.Shewentintomyroomandgotabigsurprisewhenshesawallthosebooksonthefloor.她走進我的房間,當(dāng)她看到地板上的那些書時,大吃一驚.getabigsurprise大吃一驚getashock大吃一驚getsuchabigsurprisethatgetsuchashockthat'ThisistheprettiestcarpetIhaveeverseen,'shesaid.“這是我見過的最美麗的地毯,”她說.eg：ThisisoneoftheugliestfacesthatIhaveeverseen.eg：ThisisthemostinterestingbookI’veeverread.Shegazedatitforsometimethenadded,'Youd