2025版高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)素養(yǎng)提升專(zhuān)題二“形”“態(tài)”各異的動(dòng)詞第二講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

專(zhuān)題二“形”“態(tài)”各異的動(dòng)詞第二講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2023·北京卷)Shecalledforactiontoaddress(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworldfacing(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭(zhēng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一空address在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)，故用不定式。故填toaddress。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第二空f(shuō)ace與邏輯主語(yǔ)people構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填facing。2．(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Forthousandsofyears，peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)toteach(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處與topassonwisdom并列作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填toteach。3．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside，thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin，allowingthemtobelifted(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)搭配allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”可知，空處需用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)liftout與賓語(yǔ)them(指代小籠包)是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，空處需填動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。故填tobelifted。4．(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums，narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces，itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout，withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuilt(build)systemofringroads.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修飾詞“systemofringroads”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞。故填built。5．(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Havingvisited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years，Iwasamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew，andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，和主句主語(yǔ)“I”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“overthelast10years”可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，由此推斷，空處用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式；置于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。故填Havingvisited。6．(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Asaphotographer，Ihavespentthelasttwoyearsrecording(record)everythingIdiscovered.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。spendtime(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事。這里為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填recording。7．(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Carsonusesasimple，directstylecommontofable.Infact，herstyleandtone(口吻)areseeminglydirectedatchildren.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica，wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins，borrowing(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。邏輯主語(yǔ)herfable與borrow之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填borrowing。8．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽(yáng)臺(tái)),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthefalling(fall)child.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)亨利看到一個(gè)小男孩掛在六樓公寓的陽(yáng)臺(tái)上時(shí)，他跑了100米，跳過(guò)了1.2米高的柵欄，伸出雙臂去接要掉下來(lái)的孩子。句中的heldout為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，fall為動(dòng)詞，意為“掉落”，child和fall之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的含義。故應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填falling。9．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbeduptosee(see)them.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他把一把椅子推到陽(yáng)臺(tái)上，爬上去看他們。句中的climbedup為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，他要爬到陽(yáng)臺(tái)去看他們(外面玩鬧的孩子們)，故應(yīng)該使用todo不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填tosee。10．(2022·浙江1月卷)ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplanstocontinue(continue)thepractice.“Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding,”shesays,“areallypositivechange.”解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他打算繼續(xù)這個(gè)實(shí)踐。動(dòng)詞plan后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式，plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事。故填tocontinue。11．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventurethatoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorest(rest)yourachinglegs.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然這是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)，并提供了一個(gè)地方，你可以坐下來(lái)休息你疼痛的腿。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)此處應(yīng)填torest來(lái)作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填torest。12．(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Afterspending(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在花了一些時(shí)間查看了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備之后，我們決定是時(shí)候采取一些行動(dòng)了，還有什么比騎著自行車(chē)游覽一段歷史更好的呢。分析句子可知，此處After為介詞，故spend應(yīng)用其動(dòng)名詞形式作介詞賓語(yǔ)。故填spending。13．(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducated(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics...解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個(gè)地區(qū)——無(wú)論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色……。分析句子成分可知，educate與traveler之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。故填educated。14．(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaimtohave(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：那里的活動(dòng)從觀鯨到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是對(duì)自然環(huán)境影響達(dá)到很小。固定短語(yǔ)aimtodo譯為“旨在；目的是”。故填tohave。15．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingusastonished(astonish)．解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但大自然就是這樣——總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“l(fā)eave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)us的感受，應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。故填astonished。16．(2021·浙江1月高考)In1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountriesstudied(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語(yǔ)是had，所以study用非謂語(yǔ)形式，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是countries，兩者存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用studied作定語(yǔ)。故填studied。17．(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theyrepresenttheearthcoming(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為represent，所以這里為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。名詞theearth與comebackto之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填coming。18．(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theyareeasytocare(care)forandmakegreatpresents.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里考查“be＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填tocare。19．(2021·天津3月卷改編)—How'stheprojectgoing?—Sofarsogood.Allwehavetodoisfinish(finish)thelastbitofwork.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不定式作表語(yǔ)，前面的主語(yǔ)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，后面表語(yǔ)todo的to省略。故填finish。20．(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibits，visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalking(walk)througharainforest.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處與living是并列成分，共同作imagine的賓語(yǔ)，imaginesb.doingsth.想象某人做某事。因此sb.doingsth.為imagine后動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故填walking。21．(2020·浙江卷)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnologytochange(change)lives.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，簡(jiǎn)單句中已有動(dòng)詞gave，設(shè)空處需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句意，此處需用不定式作定語(yǔ)，修飾technology。故填tochange。22．(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi'an,asafirststeptojourney(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。afirststeptodosth.為固定搭配，意為“做某事的第一步”。本句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hiked，所給詞journey在句中作后置定語(yǔ)，意為“旅行”，故填tojourney。23．(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi'antoKashgaronSept.20,planning(plan)tohikebacktoXi'aninfivemonths.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞flew，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且主語(yǔ)He和plan之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填planning。24．(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)“...Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywithashared(share)futureformankind，”hesaid.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞share與其邏輯主語(yǔ)future之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞future。故填shared。25．(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Tostrengthen(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,invitingtwenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，且設(shè)空處位于句首，故填Tostrengthen。26．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：該公園占地面積約為黃石國(guó)家公園的三倍，GPNP將成為中國(guó)首批國(guó)家公園之一。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，cover和句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)theGPNP為邏輯的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作狀語(yǔ)，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Covering。27．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincrease(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū)，將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，以提高效率，減少管理上的不一致性。設(shè)空處在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的不定式的形式。故填toincrease。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)練Passage1Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry1.toland(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thename2.wasinspired(inspire)byanancientChinesemoongoddess—toucheddownlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.3.Landing(land)onthemoon'sfarsideisextremely4.challenging(challenge)．Becausethemoon'sbody5.blocks(block)directradiocommunicationwithaprobe，Chinafirst6.had(have)toputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山)，moresothanthefamiliarnearside.Chineseresearchershope7.touse(use)theinstrumentsonboardChang'e-48.tofind(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseitmeanswehavethechance9.toobtain(obtain)informationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition，suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains，couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)base10.are(be)practical.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。嫦娥四號(hào)無(wú)人探測(cè)器在月球背面成功軟著陸，中國(guó)成為第一個(gè)使探測(cè)器在月球背面軟著陸的國(guó)家。解析：1．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)被修飾詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用todo作定語(yǔ)。故填toland。2．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)題意，該探測(cè)器的名字是受了月神嫦娥的啟發(fā)，表被動(dòng)，而且被啟發(fā)是過(guò)去的事情。故填wasinspired。3．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題意，此處在句中作主語(yǔ)，且位于句首，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Landing。4．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題意，此處應(yīng)該是“極具挑戰(zhàn)性的”，作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。故填challenging。5．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中要有謂語(yǔ)，而且themoon'sbody是單數(shù)，此處又為客觀事實(shí)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。故填blocks。6．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)題意“中國(guó)發(fā)射嫦娥四號(hào)”是過(guò)去的事情，而且后面的從句也是使用的couldsend作謂語(yǔ)。故填had。7．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。hope后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故填touse。8．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題意，研究者希望使用嫦娥四號(hào)上的設(shè)備去發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究月球南極的艾肯盆地。此處為usesth.todo結(jié)構(gòu)，其中todo表示目的狀語(yǔ)。故填tofind。9．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)被修飾詞是chance，opportunity，way，ability等抽象名詞時(shí)，其后常跟todo作定語(yǔ)。故填toobtain。10．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)題意，此處在whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)itsplans是復(fù)數(shù)形式，此處時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填are。Passage2Poetryisneverfarawayfromourdailylife.Manyofusgrewup1.reciting(recite)classicpoems,learning2.toenjoy(enjoy)thisbeautifulartformthatisabletousejustafewlines3.toconvey(convey)suchrichmeanings.TheBookofSongs，4.dating(date)backtotheWesternZhouDynasty,hasalongerhistorythantheHomericepics.Eventoday,classicpoemsareappreciatedbyalotofpeople.5.Torecognize(recognize)theuniqueabilityofpoetryandcaptureitscreativespirit,WorldPoetryDayisheldbytheUnitedNationsonMarch21eachyear6.tosupport(support)linguisticdiversitythroughpoeticexpression.ChinesePoetryConference7.featuring(feature)classicpoetryisextremelypopular.Thecompetitionsawover100participants8.taking(take)partinanumberofchallenges.Theparticipants,whoseagesrangedfrom7to70,includedstudents,farmers,teachersandforeigncompetitorswithaninterestinChineseliterature.AndevenTVseriesinvolvingpoetryareverysuccessful.Forexample，inEmpressesinthePalace(甄嬛傳),oneofthedrama'smost9.moving(move)songswasadaptedfromapoem10.written(write)byWenTingyunoftheTangDynasty.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。簡(jiǎn)單介紹了中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌和現(xiàn)在的《中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)》。解析：1．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子主語(yǔ)Manyofus和recite在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填reciting。2．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。learntodosth.表示“學(xué)會(huì)做某事”。故填toenjoy。3．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。能夠用幾行詩(shī)句表達(dá)如此豐富的意思。usesth.todosth.用某物做某事。故填toconvey。4．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：起源于西周時(shí)期的《詩(shī)經(jīng)》的歷史要比《荷馬史詩(shī)》更悠久。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，以及datebackto沒(méi)被動(dòng)形式，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)