2022年英語中考語法專題-賓語從句

賓語從句1.賓語從句的語法意義及構(gòu)成語法意義賓語從句在復(fù)合句中做主句的(及物動詞或介詞或某些形容詞)賓語。賓語從句通常由連詞(that,if,whether)、連接代詞(which,what,who,whom,whose)或連接副詞(when,where,why,how)引導(dǎo)。句型結(jié)構(gòu)主+謂(vt)+引導(dǎo)詞+主+謂(+其他成分)主句賓語從句連詞引導(dǎo)that(在口語和非正式文體中可以省略,因為它沒有實在的意義，在從句中不充當成分)1.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.2.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.3.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.whether或if(是否)1.Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.2.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.連接代詞引導(dǎo)which(哪一個；那一些)IhavenoideawhichbagsheprefersWhat(什么)Doyouknowwhatshelikesmost?who(誰)Doyouknowwhotheyarewaitingfor?whom(誰)HeaskedmewhomIwaswaitingfor.whose(誰的)Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest連接副詞引導(dǎo)when(什么時候)Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.where(哪里)Couldyoutellmewherethenearestpostofficeis?why(為什么)Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.how(如何)Pleaseasktheguidehowwegettotheplace.2.賓語從句的類型3.使用賓語從句的注意事項注意事項說明例句從句語序無論是連詞、連接代詞，還是連接副詞所引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，都必須用陳述句語序。1.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.2.Doyouknowwhathelikes？時態(tài)呼應(yīng)主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句的時態(tài)不受限制。根據(jù)實情，可用各種時態(tài)。1.Hesays(that)hewillleaveamessageonmydesk.2.Theyknow(that)heisworkinghard.主句的謂語動詞是過去時，從句的時態(tài)也應(yīng)是過去時態(tài)。Heaskedwhattimeitwas.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.主句的謂語動詞是過去時，從句所敘述的是客觀真理、格言時，從句時態(tài)無需改變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。1.Fathertoldmethatpracticemakesperfect.2.Theteachersaidlighttravelsfasterthansound.賓語從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)口訣主句謂動過去時，從句必過要一致。主句謂動現(xiàn)將來，從句時態(tài)看具體。明確過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時。形容詞后的賓語從句從句可用作某些形容詞的賓語。這類形容詞常見的有：afraid,glad,sure,happy,sorry,pleased,certain,disappointed,satisfied等。IamsureIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.介詞后的賓語從句某些介詞后也可接從句，稱之為介詞的賓語從句。Iaminterestedinhowweusecomputers.Thatdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughpeople.其他情況如果賓語從句后邊還有賓語補足語，則需用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。Youmaythinkitstrangethathewouldlivethere.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.在賓語從句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是believe,think,guess,suppose，expect，imagine等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,即否定主句中的動詞，這也就是我們平常所說的“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。Idon'tthink(that)itwillrain.Idon'tbelievehetellslies.Idon'tthink(that)heisinterestedinthatthing,ishe?Idon'tthinkhewillcometomyparty.Idon'tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet,havethey?【中考范例】1.(北京市中考試題)

MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.

A.wheredoesshelive

B.Whereshelives

C.wheredidshelive

D.whereshelived

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和時態(tài)，所以應(yīng)選D。2.(上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題)

Wouldyoupleasetellme________?

A.whendidhecomehome

B.wherehewouldplayfootball

C.ifhehadseenthefilm

D.whyhedidn’twatchthegame

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。主句用的實際上是現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句在這個句子里應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和一般過去時。3.(哈爾濱市中考試題)

Idon’tknowwhen__________.

A.willthetrainleave

B.thetrainwillleave

C.wouldthetrainleave

D.thetrainleave

【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。只有B在語序和時態(tài)上符合要求。4.(常州市中考試題)

---Wedon’tknow_____________.

---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.

A.whatheis

B.ifheliveshere

C.wherehecomesfrom

D.whichcountryishefrom

【解析】答案:C。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序。按照他們談?wù)摰脑掝}可知：他們說的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的語序不對，只有C正確。初中英語賓語從句專項練習Ⅰ.考查時態(tài)1.Thegirlsaskedifthey________somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake2.Catherinesaidthatshe________toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen3.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey________dictation

today.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are4.SheaskedLindaif________goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay5.Lindasaidthemoon________roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelledⅡ.考查引導(dǎo)詞1.Canyoutellme________youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that2.Idon'tknow________theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where3.Ihardlyunderstand.________hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who4.Shedidn'tknow________backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeD.whenhewouldbe5.Idon'tknow________hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when6.Doyouknow________theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow7.Heaskedme________toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhoseⅢ.考查語序1.Jimdoesn’tunderstand________.A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping2.Pleasetellme________lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterwork B.wheredidyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworks D.whereyoursisterworked3.SheaskedmeifIknew________.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit4.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid5.Didyouknow________?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter6.Couldyoutellme________?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingⅣ.根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子1.李明說他對玩電腦游戲感興趣。

LiMingsays______________interestedinplayingcomputergames.2.我認為瑪麗不回來了。

Idon’tthinkMary____________.3.山姆給我說他準備去上海。

Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.4.請你告訴我去鐘樓怎么走嗎？

Couldyoutellme_______IcangettotheBellTower?5.父親說他買了一臺新電腦。

Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer..6.我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。

Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijing.7.你知道一個雙人間多少錢嗎？

Doyouknow_____________adoubleroom______?8.請你告訴我我們外出多長時間好嗎？

Couldyoutellme____________we’regoingtobeaway?9.叔叔說他正在寫一本新小說。

Unclesaidthathe_____________anewnovel.10.杰克說他有重要事情要做。

Jacksaidhe_______somethingimportanttodo.【中考題展示】1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.（北京市東城區(qū)）A.thatB.howC.whatD.if2.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.（杭州市）A.whyB.whenC.howD.where3.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.—Theysayheisateacher.（鄂州市）A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where4.Iwastold_____BillGateswas