2021版高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)練Step4以話題為主線錘煉素養(yǎng)技能必修1Unit2含解析

Unit2核心素養(yǎng)了解語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的重要性,認(rèn)識(shí)語(yǔ)言在社會(huì)中的作用高考鏈接2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·C;2017·浙江高考·C;2017·全國(guó)卷ⅠⅠ.話題與高考閱讀理解(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·C)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要講述了隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展,很多語(yǔ)言逐漸消失。1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers...theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.可知,在狩獵時(shí)代雖然人口很少,但語(yǔ)言種類很多。2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modern.【解析】選C。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的increasinglytakingover意為“越來(lái)越占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位”,可知dominant意為“占優(yōu)勢(shì)的;占支配地位的”,與C項(xiàng)同義。3.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400.C.About2,400. D.About1,200.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Themediannumberofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.以及第四段第一句中的thetotalof6,800languages可知答案為B。4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章主要講述隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展,語(yǔ)言的種類越來(lái)越少,故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。猜測(cè)詞義的五大技巧技巧1利用構(gòu)詞法技巧2利用邏輯關(guān)系技巧3利用語(yǔ)法關(guān)系,如同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、下定義、設(shè)問(wèn)、舉例和標(biāo)點(diǎn)等技巧4利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景技巧5利用上下文語(yǔ)境以本文第2題為例,根據(jù)策略解題如下:Step1根據(jù)舉例內(nèi)容猜測(cè)詞義根據(jù)舉例:比如英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)正在逐漸占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,所以,這些占主導(dǎo)地位的語(yǔ)言都屬于dominantlanguages,由此猜測(cè)畫線詞的意思與“占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位”一致。Step2比較選項(xiàng)找出最佳答案嘗試解答:C話題詞匯language;speech;development;distribution;spoken;speaker短語(yǔ)settledown;takeover;atpresent;accountfor熟詞新義settledv.(過(guò)去式)解決,定居;adj.固定的,穩(wěn)定的(新)微語(yǔ)法填空10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Butwithpeople1.__________(settle)downincertainplaces,theirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledand2.__________(few)innumber.Withthe3.__________(develop)oftechnologyandglobalization,peoplebegantocommunicateusingonlyseveral4.__________(language).Thatcausedmanylesser-knownlanguages5.__________(disappear).Thedistributionofpresentlanguages6.__________(be)hugelyuneven.Mildzoneshave7._________(relative)morepeopleandfewerlanguages,8.__________hot,wetzoneshavefewerpeopleandmorelanguages,eachof9.__________isspokenbysmallnumbers.Whenfewerandfewerpeopleusealanguage,itwilldisappearatlastand10.__________trendiscontinuing.

1.【解析】settling。此處為“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),people與settle之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。2.【解析】fewer。根據(jù)上文的moresettled可知,few也應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式。3.【解析】development。with后面要用名詞作賓語(yǔ),另外,the后面一般跟名詞。4.【解析】languages。several后面要用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。5.【解析】todisappear。此處為causesb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要用不定式。6.【解析】is。本句主語(yǔ)為distribution而非languages。所以be動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。7.【解析】relatively。句意:溫和地區(qū)人口相對(duì)較多。形容詞more需要用副詞來(lái)修飾。8.【解析】while。上下文之間是對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)用while。9.【解析】which。eachofwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。10.【解析】the。本句特指“這種趨勢(shì)”,應(yīng)用定冠詞the。Ⅱ.話題與高考寫作(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)假定你是李華,正在教你的英國(guó)朋友Leslie學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)你寫封郵件告知下次上課的計(jì)劃。內(nèi)容包括:1.時(shí)間和地點(diǎn);2.內(nèi)容:學(xué)習(xí)唐詩(shī);3.課前準(zhǔn)備:簡(jiǎn)要了解唐朝的歷史。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;3.盡量使用本單元學(xué)到的詞匯和短語(yǔ)。Step1要點(diǎn)寫作根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子。①我很高興你能說(shuō)一口流利的漢語(yǔ)。下次我們要利用唐詩(shī)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)文學(xué)。IamgladthatyouarealreadyfluentinspeakingChinese.NexttimewewilllearnChineseliteraturebymakinguseofTangpoetry.

②那是因?yàn)樘圃?shī)被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)和中國(guó)文化的基礎(chǔ)之一,所以你有必要掌握它。ThatisbecauseTangpoetryisrecognizedasoneofthebasesofChinesetraditionalliteratureandChineseculture,soit’snecessaryforyoutohaveagoodcommandofit.

③我們將在我的公寓里,在星期天的早晨8點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí),為了學(xué)好唐詩(shī),我要求你在上課前閱讀有關(guān)唐朝的資料。We’lllearninmyapartmentateightonSundaymorningandtolearnTangpoetrywell,you’rerequestedtoreadabouttheTangDynastybeforeclass.

④如果你感到迷惑,你可以提出任何問(wèn)題,我們會(huì)當(dāng)面討論。Youcancomeupwithanyquestionsiftheypuzzleyou,andwewilldiscussthemfacetoface.

⑤我相信你會(huì)慢慢喜歡上唐詩(shī)的。I’msureyouwillenjoyTangpoetrygradually.

Step2句式升級(jí)⑥將①中的兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)表因果關(guān)系的句子IamgladthatyouarealreadyfluentinspeakingChinese,sonexttimewewilllearnChineseliteraturebymakinguseofTangpoetry.

⑦用定語(yǔ)從句改寫④中的句子Youcancomeupwithanyquestionsthatpuzzleyou,andwewilldiscussthemfacetoface.

Step3組句成篇適當(dāng)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞串連以上句子。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________