2024年北京市東城區(qū)2024屆高三一模英語試卷及答案

2024北京東城高三一模

英語

2024.4

本試卷共n頁，共loo分。考試時(shí)長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上

將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

In2019,ThierryHenry,abusdriver,foundtherewasariseinbiketheftsinhiscity,Reykjavik.Ratherthan_1

thatthebikewasgoneforever,hedecidedtotakemattersintohisownhandsandstartedtotrackdownthebikesand

returnthemtotheir2owners.

The44-year-oldhashelpedreturnhundredsofstolenbikesinthepast4years.Hissocialmediaaccounthas

over14,500membersandhelpspeopletrackdownmorethanjustlostbikes.Hispage3topeoplewhohavelost

tools,carsandotheritemsofhighvalue.Ontopofhisnobleact,Henryhashelpedthebike4toreforminthe

process.

5,Henrywoulddealwiththethieveswithanger.However,overtime,herealizedthatmostofthetheftswere

drivenoutofpovertyandotherissues.Hewentfromfeeling6towardsthethieves,todevelopingempathy（同

理心、）fortheirsituations.Itwasverytoughatfirst.ButHenrydecidedtotryto7themandjusttalktothem.

Fromthismomentonward,hereachedouttothethieves,offeringhelpandguidance.Afterthechangeinhis

8_,Henryfoundthatthebikethievesbegantooftenhandbackthebikestohim.Amazingly,someformerthieves

thatHenryhelpednow9himinlookingforthestolenbikes.

"It'slikea10thathasgotbiggerandbigger,H.saysHenry."Itsnotonlyme.Manytimes,someonespotsa

bikehiddeninabushandtakesapicture.Thensomeoneelsecomments,'hey,that*smybike'.”

ThankstoHenry,everyone'slookingout.

1.A.claimB.expectC.acceptD.realize

2.A.newB.honestC.carelessD.rightful

3.A.belongsB.extendsC.returnsD.refers

4.A.ownersB.makersC.thievesD.sellers

5.A.InitiallyB.UnknowinglyC.IncrediblyD.Unwillingly

6.A.regretfullyB.negativelyC.guiltilyD.helplessly

7.A.levelwithB.replytoC.sidewithD.apologizeto

8.A.planB.occupationC.habitD.approach

9.A.assistB.trustC.engageD.drag

10.A.dreamB.snowballC.rainbowD.balloon

第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

WhenIlivedinBoston,ItaughtEnglishasasecondlanguagetoadultstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Onthe

lastday,theythrewaniceparty.IwasamazedtheyhadlearnedenoughEnglish11(arganize)suchanevent

altogether.Attheendoftheparty,theyproudlyhandedmeagiftbox.Afterthebox12(open),Igentlylifted

abeautifulcoatfromit."Wewentshoppingforanewcoat!"theyallshouted13wonderfullyperfectEnglish.

B

InearlyNovemberin2023,adiver,swimmingoffthecoastofSardinia,14(notice)piecesofmetalon

theoceanfloor.Hecalledtheauthoritiesandmorediversweresenttolook.Thepiecesturnedouttobeancient

Romancoins.Thecoinsmostlylay15(bury)insandandseagrassnotfarfromthecoastItissaidthatmore

than30,000coinshavebeenfound,16arecloseto2,000yearsold.Expertscallthisamajorhistoricaldiscovery.

C

ChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools17(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout_1_8

it'stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasa19(cheat)tool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit'stoo

latetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.Agrowingnumberof20(educate)saythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethe

paniccausedbytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,"ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthe

calculatoristomath.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Areyoulookingforteenvolunteeropportunitiesfor2024thatprovidearewardingexperiencethatwillstay

withyouforlife?EveryyearthousandsofteenschoosetovolunteerabroadwithInternationalVolunteerHQ(IVHQ)

-theworld'smosttrustedproviderofsafeandaffordablevolunteerprogramsforteens.

Servicetripsforteensareavailableinmorethan50destinationsandthereare17teenvolunteerprogramsfor

16to18year-olds.Someofthebestprogramsin2024includeTurtleConservationinBali,AnimalCareinCosta

RicaandChildcareinTanzania.Or,ifyou'rewantingtovolunteerwithagroupofstudentsfromyourhighschool,

IVHQcantailoraprogramforyourgrouptoo!

ABenefitsforvolunteers:

?Thereisnodoubtthatvolunteeringasateenagerisameaningfulwaytobroadenyoureducationandadd

experiencesthatwillstandoutonyourcollegeapplication.

?Crossingboundariestoworkwithpartnersfromdifferentpartsoftheworldfostersglobalunderstanding.

?Livinginacountrydifferenttoyourownmeansthatyouwillbeinvolvedinanewculture,cuisine,andwayof

thinking.

>Guaranteedsupport:

ChancesareyourparentswillalsowanttolearnmoreaboutIVHQ,whetherornottheywillgoabroadwithyou.

Havingplacedmorethan130,000volunteersabroad,we*realwayshappytospeakwithparentstoensurealltheir

questionsarefielded.Throughouronlinesafetytraining,comprehensiveinformationbrochures,on-goingsupport

fromexperiencedprogrammanagersandround-the-clocksupportfromourlocalteams,IVHQvolunteersarewell

supportedtomakethemostofthetimeabroad.

Ifyou'rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobal

perspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.

21.WhatcanIVHQprovideforahighschoolgroup?

A.Rewardsforvolunteering.B.Afreeservicetrip.

C.Anopportunitytostudyabroad.D.Aspecializedprogram.

22.WhatdoesIVHQpromisetovolunteers?

A.Localteams*assistance.B.Partners*support.

C.Collegerecommendationletters.D.Parents*company

23.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto

A.advocatevolunteeringB.introducerequirements

C.advertiseaserviceD.suggestalifestyle

B

AnArtClass

WhenKellywastwelve,shestartedtakingclassesatMissGrace'sSchoolforArt.Shedidn'tlikeitatfirst:the

"noviceartists"-thekidswhohadn'treallydoneartbefore-workedmostlywithclay,andKellywasaterriblesculptor.

Itwasn'tuntilherthirdyearthatKellyfoundsomethingshewasreallygoodat-charcoaldrawing（素描）.She

lovedwatchingthelinesspreadunevenlyacrossthepageasshemovedthebitsofcharcoalbackandforthoverthe

paper.

Oneday,Sophia,thebestartistinherclass,satdownandsetuphereasel（IB架）nexttoKelly.Kellyfelta

sinkingfeelinginherstomach.She'd,actuallyfoundanartformthatsheenjoyed-andwasgoodat—andnowSophia

wasgoingtooutshineheragain?KellyfoughtbacktearswhenMissGraceenteredtheroom.

"Helloclass,MissGracesaid."Wellcontinuetoworkontheprojecttoday.WhatmasterpiecewouldSophia

havecomeupwith?

KellylookedatSophia'seaselandshecouldn'tbelieveit—itwasamess!Forabriefmoment,Kellycouldn't

actuallybelieveherdrawingwasbetterthanSophia*s.

ButthenshelookedatSophia,whowaswatchingKellywithananxiousexpression.Icouldn'tdecidewhat

todo,"Sophiasaid."Andyou'resogood.SometimesIfeellikemystuffisjustsobadincomparison.

KellylookedtoseeifSophiawasjoking,butsheseemedcompletelyserious.NowKellywasshocked."I'mnot

talented...MissGraceseldompraisesme.You'rethebestoneinourclass!"

Sophiaraisedhereyebrows."Imightbeareallygoodcopierofthestuff,butIhavenoideawhattodowhenit

comestomakingupmyownimages.Youaresogreatatmakingnewthingsoutoftheoldstuff.Fvelovedyour

works.n

"Fvelovedyours,too,Kellysaid.

"Well,definitelynotthisone,"Sophiasaid.

Kellysmiled."Maybenotrightnow.Butifyoumovetheselinesup..."shesaid,pointingherfingeronSophia*s

paper.

Sophiawasquietforamoment."That'sagreatidea!"shesaidfinally.

Kellysmiledandturnedbacktoherdrawing,lookingeverysooftenatSophia*sworktoseethatshewastaking

heradvice,downtothelastline.

24.WhenKellystartedclassesattheartschool,she.

A.wasnotgoodatthecourseB.lackedconfidenceindrawing

C.wasoftenpushedbyMissGraceD.didnotgetalongwiththeotherkids

25.HowdidKellyfeelwhenSophiasatbesideher?

A.Thrilled.B.Confused.C.Frustrated.D.Relieved.

26.WhatdidKellydointheartclass?

A.SheinspiredSophia.B.ShepraisedSophia*screativity.

C.ShedecidedtooutshineSophia.D.ShefinishedthedrawingforSophia.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Interestisthebestteacher.B.Youarewhatyoubelievetobe.

C.Everyonehastheirownstrengths.D.Hardworkwilleventuallypayoff.

C

Researchspanningseveraldecadesdemonstratesthatyouaremorelikelytothinktheinformationthatisrepeated

tobetruethantheinformationyouhearonlyonce.Youusuallyassumethatifpeopleputinefforttorepeatastatement,

thisreflectsthetruthofthestatement.Thistendency-alsocalledthetrutheffect-isabias（偏見）thatcanleadyou

todrawincorrectconclusions.

Towhatdegreearepeopleawareofthetrutheffect?Thisquestionwasaddressedinapaperinthejournal

Cognitionearlythisyear.

Inthecriticalstudyinthispaper,participantsdidtwosessions.Inonesession,theyreadaboutahypothetical

（虛構(gòu)的）studyinwhichtheywereexposedtosomestatementsandthenwereaskedwhetherbothstatementsthey

hadheardbeforeaswellasthesenewstatementsweretrue.Theywereaskedtopredicttheproportion（比低?。荩﹐f

eachstatementthatwouldbejudgedastrue.Theydidthisbothasapredictionofotherpeople'sperformanceaswell

asapredictionofhowtheywoulddointhisstudy.

Atanothersessionafewdayslater,participantsactuallyperformedthisstudy,readingasetof20statementsin

thehypotheticalstudyagainandthenjudgingthetruthofaltogether40statements,halfofwhichwerefromthe

hypotheticalstudyandtheotherhalfofwhichwerenew.

Thisstudydidreplicatethewellknowntrutheffect.Peopleweremorelikelytojudgestatementstheyhadseen

beforeastruethanstatementsthatwerenew.Twointerestingfindingsemergedfromtheprediction.First,participants

tendedtounderestimatethesizeofthetrutheffectforeveryone.Thatis,whiletheydidexpectsomedifferencein

judgmentsbetweenthestatementsseenbeforeandthosethatwerenew,theythoughtthisdifferencewouldbesmaller

thanitactuallywas.Second,participantsmoresignificantlyunderpredictedthetrutheffectforthemselvescompared

tothatforotherpeople.

Thisstudyisparticularlyimportantinlightoftheamountofmisinformationpresentinsocialmedia.Many

peoplehavethepowertoinfluencepublicopinionaboutimportantmatters.Floodingsocialmediafeedswith

misinformationwillleadpeopletobelievethisinformationistruejustbecauseitisstated.Recognizingthatweare

allsusceptibletothisinfluenceofrepeatedinformationshouldleadustomistrustourintuition（直覺）aboutwhat

istrueandtolookupimportantinformationpriortousingittomakeimportantjudgmentsanddecisions.

28.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorintendsto.

A.clarifyamisconceptionB.presentaphenomenon

C.challengeastatementD.confirmatheory

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?

A.Impactsofthetrutheffectrequirefurtherstudies.

B.Makingpredictionsbeforejudgmentsissignificant.

C.Peoplehavehardlyanyawarenessofthetrutheffect.

D.Peopletendtobelievetheycanmakewiserjudgments.

30.Whatdoestheword"susceptible"underlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

A.Critical.B.Subject.C.Opposed.D.Adapted.

D

WhenIteachresearchmethods,amajorfocusispeerreview.Asaprocess,peerreviewevaluatesacademic

papersfortheirquality,integrityandimpactonafield,largelyshapingwhatscientistsacceptas"knowledge"-By

instinct,anyacademicfollowsupanewideawiththequestion,"Wasthatpeerreviewed?"

AlthoughIbelieveintheimportanceofpeerreviewandIhelpdopeerreviewsforseveralacademicjournals-I

knowhowvulnerabletheprocesscanbe.

IhadmyfirstencounterwithpeerreviewduringmyfirstyearasaPh.Dstudent.Oneday,myadviserhanded

meanessayandtoldmetohavemy-writtenreviewbacktohiminaweek.Butatthetime,Icertainlywasnota

"peer"—Iwastoonewinmyfield.Manipulateddata（不實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)）orsubstandardmethodscouldeasilyhave

goneundetected.Knowledgeisnotself-evident.Onlyexpertswouldbeabletonoticethem,andeventhen,experts

donotalwaysagreeonwhattheynotice.

Let'ssayinmylifeIonlyseewhiteswans.MaybeIwriteanessay,concludingthatallswansarewhite.Anda

"peer"says,nWaitaminute,I'veseenblackswans."Iwouldhavetorefinemyknowledge.

Thepeerplaysakeyroleevaluatingobservationswiththeoverallgoalofadvancingknowledge.Forexample,

iftheabovestorywerereversed,andpeerreviewerswhoallbelievedthatallswanswerewhitecameacrossthefirst

studyobservingablackswan,thestudywouldreceivealotofattention.

Sowhywasafirst-yeargraduatestudentgettingtostandinforanexpert?Whywouldmyreviewcountthesame

asanexpert'sreview?Oneanswer:Theprocessreliesalmostentirelyonunpaidlabor.

Despitethefactthatpeersareprofessionals,peerreviewisnotaprofession.Asaresult,thesameover-worked

scholarsoftenreceivemassesofthepeerreviewrequests.Besidesthelaborinequity,asmallpoolofexpertscanlead

toanarrowedprocessofwhatispublishableorwhatcountsasknowledge,directlythreateningdiversityof

perspectivesandscholars.Withoutalargeenoughreviewerpool,theprocesscaneasilyfallvictimtobiases,arising

fromasmallcommunityrecognizingeachother*sworkandcompromisingconflictsofinterest.

Despitethesechallenges.Istilltellmystudentsthatpeerreviewoffersthebestmethodforevaluatingstudies

airdadvancingknowledge.Asaprocess,peerreviewtheoreticallyworks.Thequestioniswhethertheissueswith

peerreviewcanbeaddressedbyprofessionalizingthefield.

31.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeerreviewinthefirstparagraph?

A.Itgeneratesknowledge.B.Itiscommonlypracticed.

C.Itisamajorresearchmethod.D.Itisquestionedbysomescientists.

32.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheexampleofswans?

A.Complexityofpeerreviewensuresitsreliability.

B.Contradictionsbetweenscientistsmaybebalanced.

C.Individualscanbelimitedbypersonalexperiences.

D.Expertsshoulddetectunscientificobservationmethods.

33.Whatistheauthor*smajorconcernaboutpeerreview?

A.Workloadforscholars.B.Toughnessoftheprocess.

C.Diversificationofpublications.D.Financialsupporttoreviewers.

34.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.whatfuelspeerreviewBwhypeerreviewisimperfect

C.hownewhandsadvancepeerreviewD.whetherpeerreviewersareunderrated

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選

項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Today,whatwehave,isanalways-in-your-pocket,24/7newscycle.Whenyouopenanewsapp,you'llnoticea

briefmomentwhenthe"oldnews**isstillthere.Inaflash,theancienthistoryofafewhoursagoissweptawayfor

thenext"breakingnews".35Itsendless,butyouhadbetterkeepup.

Researchersintroducethisworldtothephrase,"noisebottleneck".Anoisebottleneckiswhereweare

overwhelmedwithsomuchinformationornoisethatourcognitive（認(rèn)知的）abilitiescan'tkeepup.36Thus,

whileourattentioncanwatchhours,ofvideos,ourlong-termlearningprocessescan't.

37WewatchTVholdingourphones,andwelistentomusicwhileshopping.However,thehumanbrain

mighthavestructurallimitationrootedinthecognitivearchitecturewhichcausestheslowingdownthatoccurswhen

twotasksareperformedatthesametime.

Inshort,yourbrainisnotasgoodasyouthinkitis.Youareahumanbeingwhocanonlytakeinsomuchaday.

Understandingthenoisebottleneckallowsustofixit.So,herearethreetipstogetyougoing:

Clearyourcontent-setupanewaccountonsocialmediaandfollowonlyaccountsorpeoplethatyouthinkare

reallyvaluable.

Single-task-youdon'tneedtoridthephonebutdoridthedistractions.38Say,nIwillonlyreadthismagazine

afterdinner.Multitaskingisforshow;single-taskingisforpros.

Acceptyourlimits-youllneverreadallthenews.Acceptyoucanonlychoosetwoorthreeandembracethat

fact.39You'regettingmoreoutofthosefewthanthat"super-productive"persononsocialmediawhosaysthey

readfivebooksaweek.Afterall,it'sbettertohavealittlerememberedthanalotforgotten.

A.Giveyourselfatimelimitorrestrictionifithelps.

B.Don'tbeatyourselfupthatyou'rebeingunproductive.

C.Everysecond,youarepresentedwithnewinformation.

D.Breakingthroughthenoisebottleneckisalegendaryidea.

E.Thematterismadeworsebyourmodernaddictiontomultitasking.

F.Multitaskinghasdramaticallychangedthewayweuseinformation.

G.Ourbrainshavelimitedresources,spreadacrossnumerousfunctions.

第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

Ifyouareapsychologyenthusiast,youhaveprobablyheardofthefamousmarshmallowtest（棉花糖實(shí)驗(yàn)）.

Inthistask,kidsaregivenamarshmallow,andaretoldthattheycaneatthatmarshmallownow,orwaitalittlewhile,

andhavetwomarshmallowsinstead.Somekidseatthemarshmallowimmediately,butmosttrytheirbesttowaitfor

two.

Whentheresearchersfollowedupwiththosekidslaterinlife,childrenwhowaitedlongerhadbetterlife

outcomes:moreacademicsuccess,bettersocialbehavior,andevenmarkersofbetterhealth.Theybelievethose

childrenwhokeepwaitingaretheoneswiththemostself-control-akeyfactorinsuccess,andthat*swhytheyareso

successfullater.

Butwhatifthebehaviorinthemarshmallowtesthasmoretodowithculturalnormsthanself-control?

A2022studytestedtheideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowaitforrewardsbasedonwhattheyare

accustomedtowaitingforintheirculture.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,thereisnowidespreadmealtimecustom

ofwaitinguntileveryoneisserved.InJapan,however,thereis.

Becauseofthisdifferenceinnorms,theresearchershypothesizedthatJapanesechildrenwouldwaitlongerin

themarshmallowtestthantheAmericanchildren.Thisisexactlywhattheyfoundlaterinexperiments.

Butthisisn'tconclusiveevidence;afterall,maybeJapanesechildrenactuallyhavebetterself-control,ormaybe

theydifferfromAmericanchildreninotherwaysthatcouldexplaintheresult.

IntheU.S.,giftsareusuallygivenonspecialoccasionsandchildrenusuallyhavetowaitbeforetheycan

unwraptheirpresents.InJapan,however,gift-givinghappensmoreoften,andchildrenusuallyopenpresents

immediately.

Giventheseculturaldifferences,scientistsexpectedthatiftheyranthetestwithgiftsinsteadofmarshmallows,

Americankidswouldwaitlonger.Onceagain,theirhypothesiswascorrect.

Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabitinshapingbehavior.Ifa

childwaitsonlyfewminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutmuchlongertounwrapagift,canwereally

saythatchildlacksself-con