2024屆江蘇省南京市高三年級上冊12月階段性檢測試卷英語試題（解析版）

南京一中2023-2024學年度第一學期12月階段性檢測試卷

高三英語

2023.12

第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。

聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whendoesthemanusuallypracticeyoga?

A.At5:30.

B.At6:00.

C.At6:30.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Harry,whattimedoyougetup?

M:Inormallygetupat6o'clockbutsometimesIhavetobeupbyfive.

W:Doyoupracticeyogainthemorning?

M:Yes.IusuallypracticeithalfanhourlaterafterIgetup.

2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?

A.Preparingforhertests.B.Planningherholiday.C.Readingabook.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Maggie,ourholiday'scomingsoon.Whatareyougoingtodo?

W:Well,I'vebeenthinkingaboutnothingbutthecomingexams.I'vegoneoverhalfmynotebook.

3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Atasupermarket.C.Attheman'soffice.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Tim,haveyouseenmyumbrella?TheoneIboughtatthesupermarketlastweek.

M:Oops,Imusthaveleftitatmyoffice,sorry.I'llbringithomeonMonday.

W:OK.Tilpickupanotherumbrellatoday.

4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whyistheboy'sfatheragainstthetrip?

A.Canadaistoofaraway.

B.Thetripmaybemeaningless.

C.Thetimeofthetripisunsuitable.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:ImightbegoingtoCanadaforashortstudytrip.

W:Thatsoundsmeaningful.

M:Itstillisn'tforsureyet.Thecampstartsduringourschoolterm.Somydad'sagainsttheidea.

5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatisthemainreasonfordoctorstorecommendbikeriding?

A.Itcanmakelegsslim.

B.Itcanmakeyouputonweight.

C.Itcanbuildupthebody.

【答案】c

【解析】

【原文】M:Nowsomedoctorsarestronglyencouragingbicycleexercise.

W:Bicycleexercise?Isthatbecauseyouwanttomakeyourlegsslimandbeautifulinthisway?

M:Actually,thafsnotthemainreason.Theysayridingabikecanbuildyouup.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中

選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小

題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】

6.WhatcanwesayabouttheweatheronSunday?

A.Itwasfine.B.Itwashot.C.Itwaschangeable.

7.Whatdothelocalsthinkofsmallballsoficeinmidsummer?

A.Ifsbeyondtheirexpectations.

B.It'sacommonphenomenon.

C.It'scausedbyclimatechange.

【答案】6.C7.B

【解析】

【原文】W:Howdidyouenjoyyourweekendattheseaside?

M:ItstartedverywellonSaturday,butontheseconddaywegotaveryunpleasantsurprise.

W:Whathappened?

M:Thatafternoon,whileeveryonewasenjoyingthesunshineonthebeachorplayinginthesea,theskysuddenly

wentdark.Astrongwindstartedblowing.Beforepeoplecouldgathertheirstuffandrunforcover,therewasaheavy

showerofhail.Allthepeoplegotintoapanic,andlefttheirthingsbehindandrantothebeachrestaurant.The

hailstonesweresobigthatmanypeoplegothurt!

W:Really?Smallballsoficeinthemiddleofsummer?

M:Apparently,it'sfairlycommonthere.ThelocalssaidsuchstormssometimesblowfromIcelandorGreenland.

W:Itsoundslikeyoudidhaveadifferentandunforgettableweekend

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

8.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?

A.Tomakeareservation.B.Tocheckoutofthehotel.C.Toaskaboutthecitycenter.

9.WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheImperial?

A.Itischeaperthanherhotel.B.Itisratedasafive-starhotel.C.Itisbetterknownthanherhotel.

10.WhatdoesthemanfinallywanttoknowabouttheImperial?

A.Theprice.B.Thetelephonenumber.C.Thelocation.

【答案】8.A9.A10.B

【解析】

【原文】W:AdventureReservations.CanIhelpyou?

M:Yes,rdliketobookasingleroomwithabathforSeptember22to25.

W:Justamoment,please.Tmsorry,sir.Wearefullybookedonthosedates.

M:Oh,thafstoobad.Couldyourecommendanotherhotelthatwon'tbefulluptome?

W:Yes,ofcourse.Wherewouldyouratherliketobe,inthecitycenterorinthesuburbs?

M:Ipreferaplaceclosetothecitycenterbecauseitismoreconvenient.

W:Inthatcase,IwouldsuggestthatyoutrytheImperial.

M:Doyouknowtheratepernightforasingleroomwithabaththere?AndpleasetellmewhattheImperialislike.

W:Well,asinglewithabathatthemomentwouldbebetween$50to$60.Itisratedasafour-starhotel.Oursis

betterknownthantheImperialbutthentheImperialislessexpensivethanhere.

M:Uh-huh.Onelastthing,doyouknowitstelephonenumber?

W:Yes,itis61540928.

M:Thankyouverymuch.Ireallyappreciateyourhelp,goodbye.

W:Goodbyeandthankyouforcallingus.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】

11.Whathasthewomanbeenreading?

A.Anovel.B.Adictionary.C.Acookbook.

12.Whydoesn'tthemanreadbooks?

A.Hehaspooreyesight.B.Hedislikesstories.C.Heistoobusy.

13.Wheredoesthemanusuallylistentohisbooks?

A.Inthekitchen.B.Inthecar.C.Ontheplane.

【答案】H.A12.C13.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Thafsaprettythickbook.Itlookslikeadictionary.

W:You'reright;itdoes.Butitisactuallyanovel.

M:Wow!Thewritingisreallysmall.Thiswouldtakemeayeartofinish.

W:I'vebeenreadingforawhile,andIreadprettyfast.So,youprefershorterstories,then?

M:Ipreferbooksontape.Withmyschedule,Idon'treallyhavethetimetositdownandread.

W:Iunderstand.ThafswhyIdomostofmyreadingjustbeforebed.Whatdoyoulistento?

M:Booksthatinspiremeandteachmenewthings.Mostofthetime,IlistentothemwhenI'mdriving.Sometimes

IlistentothemwhenI'monalongflight.

W:Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.IcouldlistentooneinthebackgroundwhileI'mcooking.

M:Howaboutthis?Yourecommendabooktome,andI'lltrytoreadityourway.Butyouhavetolistentooneof

mine.

W:Deal.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】

14.Whatdayisittoday?

A.Friday.

B.Saturday.

C.Sunday.

15.WhatdoesClairethinkhelpedhergettheletterfromHarvard?

A.Forminggoodlearninghabits.

B.Attendingextracourses.

C.Stayinguplatetostudy.

16.WhydidClairechooseHarvardUniversity?

A.Herauntwasstudyingthere.

B.Shehaswonascholarshiptoit.

C.ShewantstobeMadelyn*sschoolmate.

17.WhatdoesClaireplantodobeforeSeptember?

A.Visitheraunt.

B.Travelabroad.

C.Visitsomecolleges.

【答案】14.C15.A16.C17.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Claire,IheardthatyouwereadmittedintoHarvardUniversity,right?

W:Yes,IreceivedtheletteronFriday,thedaybeforeyesterday.

M:Congratulations!Youmusthaveworkedhardduringyourhighschool.

W:Well,IalwaysgotA'sonmytests.ItookthreeseparatecoursesforfourmonthsfortheSAT.

M:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantduringlearning?

W:Inmyopinion,it'sthelearninghabitthathelpedmeearntheletterfromHarvard.Believeitornot,Inever

burnedthemidnightoil.

M:Whydidn'tyouchoosePrinceton?IrememberyourauntgraduatedfromPrincetonyearsago.

W:MybestfriendMadelynjoinedHarvardlastyear,Ireallywantedtogotherebecauseofher,althoughPrinceton

offeredmeascholarship.

M:Oh,Igotit.WhenwillyougotoHarvard?

W:InSeptember.Beforethat,rilflytoChinaandotherAsiancountries.Fvebeenlongingtotastefoodandmeet

peoplethere.Fvedecidedtoworkpart-timetocovermyexpensesatcollege.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】

18.Whatarethegoodseedsconfirmedby?

A.Containers.B.X-rays.C.Freezers.

19.Whyareseedsstoredinfrozenenvironment?

A.Tobepreservedforlong.

B.Totackleclimatechange.

C.Tosafeguardfoodsupply.

20.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?

A.Whereseedsarestored.

B.Howtheseedbankworks.

C.Whyseedbanksareimportant.

【答案】18.B19.A20.B

【解析】

【原文】Currently,thereareover1,000seedbankslocatedallovertheworld.Howdoestheseedbankwork?

First,scientistsfromallovertheworldcollectendangeredandusefulwildspecies,puttheminapaperorcottonbag

topreventthemfromgettingbad,andsendthemtotheseedbank.Oncetheseedsarrive,they5redriedandpreserved

inaspecialroom.Afterthat,X-raysconfirmthattheseedsareundamagedandthatnoinsectsarehiddeninside.The

seedsarethenfrozen,storedinspecialcontainersandthenplacedinhugefreezersat-20℃forlong-termstorage,

whichallowstheseedstobepreservedfordecadesandreawakenedwhenrequired.Oneofthemostfamousseed

banks,SvalbardInternationalSeedBank,nowholdsmorethanonemillionseedsamples.Itislocateddeepinafrozen

ArcticmountaininNorway.AsEarthisfacinghugechallengeslikeclimatechange,theseseedbanksaresurely

significanttosafeguardthefutureoftheworld'sfoodsupply.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩小節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。

A

InSeptember,thousandsofmonuments,civicbuildingsandprivatehomesthrowopentheirdoorstooffera

rareglimpseofnormallyof-limitsspaces.Herearesomeless-knowntreasuresaroundtheUK.

GuidedtourofGladstone'sLibrary,Hawarden

Gladstone'sLibraryinHawardenwillberunningspecialtoursaspartoftheOpenDoors-Walesfestival.Itwas

builtasamemorialtoprimeministerWiliamGladstope,TakeatourofbeautifulReadingRoomshousing150,000

books.

September16,10am-2pm,bookingrequired.

BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall,Glasgow

TheatmosphericBritanniaPanopticonwillbeshowingoffitscollectionoftheatricalrelics,propsand

costumes.SampleVictorianitemsattheworld'soldestsurvivingmusichallwithoutbooking.

September15and1611am-5pmandSeptember17,12pm-5pm

GothicTemple,StoweGardens

VisitorstoStoweGardenswillbeofferedararechancetoseeinsidethe18thcenturyGothicTemple.Though

ifsnormallyrentedasaholidaylet,itscircularroomsandmosaicceilingswillbeopentoprebookedvisitorsfor

oneweekend.

September16and17,10:30am-4:30pm,freeofcharge

AppletonTower:SchoolofInformatics,EdinburghUniversity

AspartofScotland'sDoorsOpenDaysfestival,EdinburghUniversity'sAppletonTowerwillbeofferingtours

oftheworld-leadingSchool,includingavisittothestudysuiteonLevel9whichoffersfar-reachingviewsofthe

Edinburghskyline.

September23,11am-2pm,bookinginadvance.

21.WhatcanvisitorsdoatBritanniaPanopticonMusicHall?

A.Theycanappreciatetheatre-relateditems

BTheycanlistentotheoldestsurvivingmusic

C.Theycanvisitastudyroomwithfar-reachingscenery.

D.TheycanreadinReadingRoomswith150,000booksinstore.

22.Whichofthefollowingwillappealtoarchitecturefans?

A.GothicTemple.StoweGardens

B.BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall,Glasgow.

C.GuidedtourofGladstone'sLibrary.Hawarden

D.AppletonTower:SchoolofInformatics,EdinburghUniversity

23.WhatdoGuidedtourofGladstone'sLibraryandAppletonTowerhaveincommon?

A.Theybothlastforfourhours.B.Theybothrequireearlyreservations

C.TheybothhonorworldfamousfiguresD.Theybothofferspecialviewstovisitors.

【答案】21.A22.A23.B

【解析】

【導語】本文是應用文。9月，成千上萬的紀念碑、市政建筑和私人住宅敞開大門，讓人們難得地一睹通

常限制空間的風采，本文介紹了四座英國鮮為人知的建筑。

【21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據小標題BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall,Glasgow下的“TheatmosphericBritannia

Panopticonwillbeshowingoffitscollectionoftheatricalrelics,propsandcostumes.SampleVictorianitemsatthe

world'soldestsurvivingmusichallwithoutbooking.（氣氛濃厚的不列顛尼亞圓形監(jiān)獄將展示其收藏的戲劇文

物、道具和服裝。在世界上現(xiàn)存最古老的音樂廳里品嘗維多利亞時代的物品，無需預訂）”可知，在

BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall他們可以欣賞與戲劇有關的物品。故選A項。

[22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據小標題GothicTemple,StoweGardens下的“VisitorstoStoweGardenswillbeofferedarare

chancetoseeinsidethe18thcenturyGothicTemple.Thoughit'snormallyrentedasaholidaylet,itscircularrooms

andmosaicceilingswillbeopentoprebookedvisitorsforoneweekend.（斯托花園的游客將有機會一睹這座18

世紀哥特式神廟的內部風貌。雖然它通常是作為度假場所出租的，但它的圓形房間和馬賽克天花板將在一

個周末向預訂的游客開放）”可知，GothicTemple,StoweGardens的建筑奇特，會吸引建筑愛好者。故選A

項。

【23題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據小標題GuidedtourofGladstone'sLibrary,Hawarden下的uSeptember16,10am-2pm,

bookingrequired.（9月16日上午10點至下午2點，需預約）”以及小標題AppletonTower:Schoolof

Informatics,EdinburghUniversity下的“September23,11am-2pm,bookinginadvance.（9月23日上午11點

至下午2點，提前預訂）”可知，這兩個景點的共同之處是都需要預約。故選B項。

B

Mostglitter（〃、發(fā)光物品），whichismadeupoftinypiecesofplastic,isahugedangertotheenvironment.

"Everyonetalksaboutthemountainofplasticfloatingintheocean.Youcangrabemptybottlesfromthewater,but

withtinypieces,ifsimpossible,saysVictorAlvarez,achemicalengineerwhosellsaneco-friendlyalternativeto

glitter.

Intheearly2,000s,AlvarezworkedforMercedes-BenzinGermany,wherehebecamefondofanytechnology

thatprotectedtheenvironment.AfewyearsafterleavingMercedes-Benz,hefoundedBlueSunInternationalin

Miami,whichmakesspecialtyingredientsfortheskinandhaircareindustries.

Glitterisapopularingredientincosmetics,suchaseyeshadowsandlipsticks.SoAlvarezbeganresearchingan

alternativethatdidn'tcontainplastictomakehisproductssaferfortheenvironment.Thafswhenhecameacross

RonaldBrittonLtd.,acompanywhichhaddevelopedaplastic-free,biodegradableproductcalledBioglitter.Itis

madefromregenerativecellulose（纖維素）sourcedfromhardwoods,primarilyeucalyptus（核樹）.Alvarezworked

withthecompanytobecomethefirstretailertosellBioglitterinAmerica.In2018,heformedTodayGlitterinorder

tosellthebiodegradableglitterdirectlytoconsumersthroughitswebsite.

TodayGlittersellstwokindsofbiodegradableglitterBioglitterSparkleandBioglitterPure.Botharealmost

plastic-freeandcanbiodegradeinashorttime.Meanwhile,theyareasshinyasregularglitter.Alltheseproductsare

third-partytestedbyTUV,aninternationalorganizationthatprovidestestingandcertificationforcompostable（可降

解的）andbiodegradableproducts.

Despiteitsbenefits,thehardwoodsneededtomakebiodegradableglittercauseittocostabouttwiceasmuch

asconventionalglitter.Asmallglasscontainerthatcontainsjust6gramsofBioglittercosts$10,whilethesame

amountofregularglittercouldcostatleasthalfthatamount.Alvarezexpectsthepricewillcomedownovertime.

Healsoexpectsthecompany'ssalestocross$1millionnextyear.Butmoreimportantly,Alvarezsays,hismaingoal

istoeffectameaningfulchange.

24.WhileatMercedesBenz,Alvarez.

A.developedawaytograbglitterintheseaB.becameinterestedintheenvironment

C.attemptedtoliveaplastic-freelifeD.createdakindofharmlessglitter

25.WhatdoweknowaboutBioglitter?

A.Itisaplastic-freeingredientforeyeshadows.

B.ItwillsoonbeonsaleintheAmericanmarket.

C.Itisverydifficulttobreakdowninthewild.

D.ItwasinventedbyBlueSunInternational.

26.WhydoestheauthormentionTUVinthetext?

A.ToshowBioglitterSparkleandBioglitterPurearepopular.

B.Tostressitprovidesabroadrangeoftestingservices.

C.ToproveTodayGlitter'sproductsareeco-friendly.

D.Toexplainmanyplasticproductsarelow-quality.

27.WhatistheproblemfacedbyTodayGlitteratpresent?

A.Thecomplexprocessofmakingglitter.B.Howtoexpanditsoverseasmarket.

C.Howtoattractpotentialinvestors.D.Thehighcostofrawmaterials.

【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一種新型的環(huán)保材料Bioglitter,能在短時間內生物降解，但是也

有缺點那就是價格高。

【24題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Intheearly2,000s,AlvarezworkedforMercedes-BenzinGermany,wherehe

becamefondofanytechnologythatprotectedtheenvironment.（21世名己初，Alvarez在德國的梅賽德斯奔馳

公司工作，在那里他喜歡上了任何保護環(huán)境的技術。）”可知，在梅賽德斯一一奔馳公司，Alvarez對環(huán)境

產生了興趣。故選B項。

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第三段Glitterisapopularingredientincosmetics,suchaseyeshadowsandlipsticks.So

Alvarezbeganresearchinganalternativethatdidn'tcontainplastictomakehisproductssaferfortheenvironment.

ThafswhenhecameacrossRonaldBrittonLtd.,acompanywhichhaddevelopedaplastic-free,biodegradable

productcalledBioglitter.Itismadefromregenerativecellulose（纖維素）sourcedfromhardwoods,primarily

eucalyptus（核樹）.AlvarezworkedwiththecompanytobecomethefirstretailertosellBioglitterinAmerica.In

2018,heformedTodayGlitterinordertosellthebiodegradableglitterdirectlytoconsumersthroughits

website.（閃光片是化妝品中的一種流行成分，如眼影和唇膏。因此，Alvarez開始研究一種不含塑料的替代

品，以使他的產品對環(huán)境更安全。就在那時，他遇到了羅納德?布里頓有限公司，這家公司開發(fā)了一種無

塑料、可生物降解的產品，名為生物閃光片。它由再生纖維素制成來源于硬木，主要是枝樹。Alvarez與該

公司合作，成為第一家在美國銷售生物閃光粉的零售商。2018年，他成立了TodayGlitter,通過其網站直

接向消費者銷售可生物降解的閃光片。）”可知，Bioglitter是一種不含塑料的眼影成分。故選A項。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據倒數(shù)第二段“TodayGlittersellstwokindsofbiodegradableglitterBioglitterSparkleand

BioglitterPure.Botharealmostplastic-freeandcanbiodegradeinashorttime.Meanwhile,theyareasshinyas

regularglitter.Alltheseproductsarethird-partytestedbyTUV,aninternationalorganizationthatprovidestesting

andcertificationforcompostable（可降解的）andbiodegradableproducts.（TodayGlitter銷售兩種可生物降解的

閃光片biogitterSparkle和biogitterPure。兩者幾乎都不含塑料，可以在短時間內生物降解。與此同時，它

們和普通亮片一樣閃亮。所有這些產品都經過TUV的第三方測試，TUV是一家為可堆肥和可生物降解產

品提供測試和認證的國際組織。）”可知，作者在文中提到TUV以證明TodayGlitter的產品是環(huán)保的。故

選C項。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Despiteitsbenefits,thehardwoodsneededtomakebiodegradableglittercauseitto

costabouttwiceasmuchasconventionalglitter.Asmallglasscontainerthatcontainsjust6gramsofBioglitter

costs$10,whilethesameamountofregularglittercouldcostatleasthalfthatamount.（盡管有這些好處，但制造

可生物降解閃光片所需的硬木使其成本大約是傳統(tǒng)閃光片的兩倍。一個裝有6克生物亮片的小玻璃容器的

價格為10美元，而同樣數(shù)量的普通亮片的價格至少是這個價格的一半。）”可知，TodayGlitter面臨的問題

是原材料的高成本。故選D項。

C

Laughingtogetherisanimportantwayforpeopletoconnectandbond.Thoughthecausesoflaughtercanvary

widelyacrossindividualsandgroups,thesoundofalaughisusuallyrecognizablebetweenpeoplebelongingto

differentcultures.Inhumans,laughtercanexpressarangeofemotionsfrompositivefeelingslikeenjoymentto

negativeonessuchasdisgust.Butwhataboutanimalsotherthanhumans?Dothey“l(fā)augh”,andarethecausesof

theirlaughtersimilartothoseofhumanlaughter?

Manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasantsocialinteraction.Researchers

considersuchsoundstobeancoalogueofhumanlaughter.Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplaysoundtoseehow

commonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat“l(fā)aughed“whileplaying;mostweremammals

（口甫孚L動物），butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.Thisnewanalysiscouldhelpscientiststotrace

theevolutionaryoriginsofhumanlaughter,accordingtoanewstudy.

WhenSashaWinkler,adoctoralcandidateofbiologicalanthropologyattheUniversityofCalifornia.Los

Angeles（UCLA）,previouslyworkedwithrhesusmacaques（恒河猴），shehadnoticedthatthemonkeyspanted（喘

氣）quietlywhileplaying.Manyotherprimates（靈長類動物）arealsoknowntosoundduringplay.However,reports

ofplayfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribingfish,amphibiansandreptiles,perhapsbecausethereis

somequestionastowhetherornotplayexistsatallinthoseanimalgroups.

Laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay,ahypothesissupportedbytheplay-relatedpanting

laughterofmanyprimatespecies."Humanlaughtermayhaveevolvedfromasimilarpantingsoundthatover

evolutionarytimebecamethesounded4hahaha'thatweusetoday.Peoplestilllaughduringplay,butwealsoinvolve

laughterinlanguageandnon-playbehaviors,Winklersaid.

"It'sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofsoundduringplay,“WinkletoldtheLive

Science,asciencenewswebsite.t6Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportant

areaforfuturestudy.”

28.Whatdoweknowabouthumanlaughter?

A.Itisnotsharedamongstrangers.

B.Itiscreatedoutofthesamereason.

C.Itmayappearwhenpeoplehatesomething.

D.ItsoundsdifferentbetweenEuropeanandAsian.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"analogue“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Somethingcommon.B.Somethingsimilar.

C.Somethingsymbolic.D.Somethingattractive.

30.Whyistherealackofreportsinlaughterofsomeanimalgroups?

A.Becausetheyarenotwellevolvedandemotionless

B.Becauseplayisnotadefinitebehavioramongthem.

C.Becausetheyarenotasinterestingasotheranimals.

D.Becauseonlymammalsandprimatesareabletolaugh.

31.Whatisprobablythefocusoffuturestudyonlaughter?

A.Distinctivefeaturesofhumanlaughter.

B.Differentfunctionsofanimallaughter.

C.Theoriginanddevelopmentofhumanlaughter.

D.Therelationshipbetweenanimallaughterandintelligence.

【答案】28.C29.B30.B31.A

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了關于“動物界存在笑聲”的相關研究成果。

[28題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Inhumans,laughtercanexpressarangeofemotionsfrompositivefeelingslike

enjoymenttonegativeonessuchasdisgust.（在人類中，笑可以表達一系列的情緒，從積極的感覺，如享受到

消極的感覺，如厭惡。）”可推知，人類的笑聲可能出現(xiàn)在人們討厭某事的時候。故選C。

[29題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞上文“Manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasantsocial

interaction.（許多動物在玩耍時發(fā)出的聲音是愉快的社會互動所特有的。）”及下文“Theteamidentified65

speciesthat^tlaughed^^whileplaying;mostweremammals（哺孚L動物），butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayful

laughtertoo.（研究小組確定了65種動物在玩耍時會“笑”，其中大多數(shù)是哺乳動物，但一些鳥類也會

笑。）“可知，許多動物也會發(fā)出類似于人類笑聲的聲音。由此可知，劃線詞analogue與Somethingsimilar.

（類似的東西）意思接近。故選B。

[30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“However,reportsofplayfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribing

fish,amphibiansandreptiles,perhapsbecausethereissomequestionastowhetherornotplayexistsatallinthose

animalgroups”然而，在描述魚類、兩棲動物和爬行動物的研究中，顯然沒有關于嬉戲的報道，這可能是

因為這些動物群體中是否存在玩耍的問題。）”可推知，一些動物群體的笑聲報道較少，因為玩耍并不是它

們的一種明確行為。故選B。

【31題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據最后——段中的"Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoan

importantareaforfuturestudy.（但我們確實發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類笑聲的這些獨特部分，這也是未來研究的重要領

域。）”可知，未來對笑的研究重點可能是人類笑的不同特征。故選A。

D

ThewordparadigmcomesfromtheGreek.Itwasoriginallyascientificterm,andismorecommonlyused

todaytomeanamodelortheory.Inthemoregeneralsense,ifsthewaywe"see"theworld-notintermsofour

visualsenseofsight,butintermsofperceiving,understanding,andinterpreting.

Asimplewaytounderstandparadigmsistoseethemasmaps.Weallknowthat“themapisnottheterritory.”

Amapissimplyanexplanationofcertainaspectsoftheterritory.Thafsexactlywhataparadigmis.Itisatheory,

anexplanation,ormodelofsomethingelse.Youcanneverarriveataspecificlocationinanewcitywithawrong

map.

Eachofushasmanymapsinourhead,whichcanbedividedintotwomaincategories:mapsofthewaythings

are,orrealities,andmapsofthewaythingsshouldbe,orvalues.Weinterpreteverythingweexperiencethrough

thesementalmaps.Weseldomquestiontheiraccuracy;we'reusuallyevenunawarethatwehavethem.Wesimply

assumethatthewayweseethingsisthewaytheyreallyareorthewaytheyshouldbe.Andourattitudesand

behaviorsgrowoutofthoseassumptions.Thewayweseethingsisthesourceofthewaywethinkandthewaywe

act.

Weseetheworld,notasitis,butasweareor,asweareconditionedtoseeit.Clearheadedpeopleseethings

differently,eachlookingthroughtheuniquelensofexperience.Butthisdoesnotmeanthattherearenofacts.

Instead,eachperson'sinterpretationofthesefactsrepresentspriorexperiences.

Themoreawareweareofourbasicparadigms,maps,orassumptions,andtheextenttowhichwehavebeen

influencedbyourexperience,themorewecantakeresponsibilityforthoseparadigms,examinethem,testthem

againstreality,listentoothersandbeopentotheirperceptions,therebygettingalargerpictureandafarmore

objectiveview.

32.Howdoestheauthorillustratetheconceptof“paradigm”?

A.Bycomparingittoaneverydayobject.B.Bysortingitintodifferentcategories.

C.Bypresentingpersonalexamples.D.Byhighlightingasharpcontrast.

33.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutthementalmapsmentionedinparagraph3?

A.Theyfailtoescapeourattention.B.Theymaybelackinginaccuracy.

C.Theyprovewrongandunreliable.D.Theyhavelittleinfluenceonbehavior.

34.Whichofthefollowingechoesthemainideaofparagraph4?

A.Greatmindsthinkalike.B.Allmenhaveopinions,butfewthink.

C.Wherewestanddependsonwherewesit.D.Thefewerthefacts,thestrongertheopinions.

35.Whatdoestheauthoradvocateinthelastparagraph?

A.Abetterunderstandingofourparadigms.B.Astrongersenseofresponsibilityforothers.

C.Amoreobjectiveviewofothers'perceptions.D.Amorepositiveattitudetowardlifeexperience.

【答案】32.A