高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)十三 語(yǔ)法填空練習(xí)（含解析）-人教版高三英語(yǔ)試題

專題二語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用三年全國(guó)卷考情分析考點(diǎn)考頻名詞3年10考代詞3年3考冠詞3年7考介詞3年8考形容詞/副詞3年5考連詞3年9考動(dòng)詞3年16考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞3年20考引導(dǎo)詞3年10考預(yù)測(cè)說(shuō)明從考點(diǎn)考頻來(lái)看，預(yù)計(jì)2020年高考題將保持近三年的難度，主要以考查動(dòng)詞、名詞、介詞和副詞為主，適度增加對(duì)連詞的考查，其中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是難點(diǎn)解題流程通讀全文，了解主旨大意→嘗試填空，解決較易空格→分析結(jié)構(gòu)，各個(gè)擊破→重讀全文，修正錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)十三語(yǔ)法填空Passage1限時(shí)8分鐘ChinesehasovertakenFrench,SpanishandGermantobecomeoneofthemostlucrative(賺錢(qián)的)foreign__1__(language)forjobseekersintheUK.ResearchshowsgraduatesinChineseearnanaverage__2__(year)salaryof￡31,000(270,000yuan)ormore.Forstudentstoday,strugglingwithrisingdebt,__3__degreeinChinesepromisestosetthemapartintheworkplace.Chinesestudentsset__4__(they)upforadifferentuniversityexperiencefromtheirpeers(同輩)whoaretakingtraditionalessaysubjects.WhileanEnglishstudentmayhaveaslittleassixhoursofcontacttimeaweek,thosestudyingChinese__5__(be)inclassformostoftheday.HannahJacksongraduatedinChineseStudiesfromSheffieldUniversityin2009.Shedescribeshercourse__6__“majorlynervous”.Inthesecondweekofherfirstyear,shewas__HannahstudiedChinese__8__(know)shewantedajobworkinginbusinessinChina.Shegraduatedattheheightoftherecession(衰退)andwenttolookforajobinShanghai,__9__shefoundmoreemploymentopportunities.“StudyingChinesedefinitelymakesyoumoremarketableintheworkplace.PeopleIstudiedChinesewithhavefoundit__10__(easy)tofindajob，”shesaid.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹的是對(duì)英國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)好漢語(yǔ)對(duì)找工作有很大幫助。1．languages考查名詞。“oneofthe＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2．yearly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。yearlysalary“年薪”。3．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。adegree“一種學(xué)位”。4．themselves考查代詞。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人或同一些人時(shí)，用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)。5．a(chǎn)re考查主謂一致。those在句中作主語(yǔ)，且此處描述一個(gè)基本事實(shí)。6．a(chǎn)s考查介詞。describe...as...“把……描述為……”。7．supposed考查固定搭配。besupposedtodosth.“應(yīng)該做某事”，且由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“...ofherfirstyear”可知，本句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。8．knowing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，且由句子主語(yǔ)Hannah和know之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。9．where考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞Shanghai。10．easier考查形容詞比較級(jí)。此處表示學(xué)習(xí)中文的人更容易就業(yè)，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Passage2限時(shí)6分鐘Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleliketotravel,__1__(especial)whenvacationscome.Agreatnumberofpeoplerushoutoftheirhomesorcompaniesto__2__(travel)spots.Theyeitherdriveortakeabus,atrain,aship__3__soon.Someevenridebikes.However,there__4__(be)anotherwayoftravelling—poorism.Peoplehaveatourin__5__poorestareasoftheworld.Somepeoplemaytakeaone-daypooresttour,andsomeevenpaytostayinverypoorneighborhoods__6__(experience)thelowestlivingstandardsintheworld.Poorismtourstakeplacearoundtheworld,andnotjustinthethirdworld__7__(country).Youcan,forinstance,tourNewYorkneighborhoodsintheBronx.Suchtourscantakepeopleintotheheartofpoorareas.Thesetoursmayawakenpeopletopay__8__(much)attentiontolong-standingpoverty,ortheeffectsofwar.Somethinkthattoursinthepoorareascanraisesocialcare.Andthemoneyfromthetourcan__9__(donate)tohelpthepeople__10__livethere.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了另一種旅游形式——貧困之旅。人們?cè)谑澜缟献钬毟F的地區(qū)進(jìn)行旅游，這些旅行可能會(huì)使人們更多地關(guān)注長(zhǎng)期存在的貧困現(xiàn)象，注意到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的負(fù)面影響。1．especially考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處是副詞修飾when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故答案為especially。2．travelling/traveling考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：很多人沖出家門(mén)或公司去旅游景點(diǎn)。此處是動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾spots，故答案為travelling/traveling。3．a(chǎn)nd考查連詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：andsoon等等。故答案為and。4．is考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處是therebe句型，句子主語(yǔ)是anotherwayoftravelling，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)第三人稱形式，并且介紹的是一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為is。5．the考查定冠詞。此處是形容詞最高級(jí)，前面用定冠詞the，故答案為the。6．toexperience考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：有些人可能會(huì)參加為期一天的“最貧困之旅”，有些人甚至花錢(qián)住在非常貧困的社區(qū)，體驗(yàn)世界上最低的生活水平。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故答案為toexperience。7．countries考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。第三世界的國(guó)家不止一個(gè)，所以名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為countries。8．more考查比較級(jí)。句意：這些旅行可能會(huì)喚醒人們更多地關(guān)注長(zhǎng)期存在的貧困和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響。結(jié)合句意可知，句子用比較級(jí)，故答案為more。9．bedonated考查含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：旅游所得的錢(qián)可以捐贈(zèng)給生活在那里的人們。此處money和donate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，can已經(jīng)給出，故答案為bedonated。10．who/that考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處people是先行詞，指人，引導(dǎo)詞在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故答案為who/that。Passage3限時(shí)8分鐘AlfredAlder,afamouspsychiatrist,had__1__interestingexperience.Whenhewasasmallboyhegotofftoapoorstartinarithmetic(算術(shù)).Histeachergottheideathathehadnoabilityinarithmetic,andtoldhisparents__2__shethoughtinorderthattheywouldnotexpecttoomuchofhim.Inthisway,theyalsodevelopedtheidea,“Isn't__3__toobadthatAlfredcan'tdoarithmetic？”Heacceptedtheirmistakenestimateofhisability,__4__(feel)thatitwasuselesstotry,andthathewasverypooratarithmetic,justastheyexpected.Onedayhebecameveryangryattheteacherandtheotherstudentsbecausetheylaughedwhenhesaidheknewhowtosolveaproblemwhichnoneoftheotherstudentshadbeenabletosolve.Aldersucceeded__5__solvingtheproblem.Thisgavehim__6__(confident).Herejectedtheideathathecouldnotdoarithmeticandwas__7__(determine)toshowthemthathecould.Hisangerandhisnew-foundfaithstimulatedhimtogoatarithmeticproblemswithanewspirit.Henowworkedwithinterest,determination,andpurpose,andhesoonbecame__8__(extraordinary)goodatarithmetic.Henotonlyprovedthathecoulddoarithmetic,but(also)learnedearlyinlifefromhisownexperience,__9__apersongoesatajob__10__determinationandpurpose,hemayastonishhimselfaswellasothersbyhisability.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了精神科醫(yī)生艾爾弗雷德·奧爾德幼年時(shí)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的有趣經(jīng)歷。1．a(chǎn)n考查冠詞。experience作“(一次)經(jīng)歷”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠詞。又由interesting的發(fā)音是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的可知，填an。2．what考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞?！癬_2__shethought”為賓語(yǔ)從句，該從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，且表示“……的事情”，故用what引導(dǎo)。3．it考查it作形式主語(yǔ)。設(shè)空處應(yīng)為形式主語(yǔ)，后面的that從句為真正的主語(yǔ)，故用it。4．feeling考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處前為完整的句子，且與后面結(jié)構(gòu)之間沒(méi)有連詞，故判斷設(shè)空處應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且作狀語(yǔ)。邏輯主語(yǔ)he與feel之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與accepted同時(shí)發(fā)生，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。5．in考查固定搭配。succeedindoingsth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“成功做某事”。6．confidence考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。givesb.sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語(yǔ)，confident的名詞形式為confidence。7．determined考查固定搭配。bedeterminedtodosth.為固定搭配，意為“決心做某事”。8．extraordinarily考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處前為系動(dòng)詞，后為形容詞，由此可判斷設(shè)空處應(yīng)為副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，修飾形容詞good。extraordinary的副詞形式為extraordinarily。9．if考查連詞。句意：他不僅證明自己能做算術(shù)題，而且在他年輕時(shí)就從自己的經(jīng)歷中得知，如果一個(gè)人意志堅(jiān)定地去做一件事，他有可能靠著自己的能力使自己和別人感到吃驚。設(shè)空處所填詞連接賓語(yǔ)從句，作learned的賓語(yǔ)。該賓語(yǔ)從句中又含有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，即“__9__apersongoesatajob__10__determinationandpurpose”，根據(jù)上下文邏輯可知，設(shè)空處表示條件，故用if引導(dǎo)。10．with考查介詞。with表示行為方式，意為“以……，帶著”。又如：fightwithcourage“英勇作戰(zhàn)”。Passage4限時(shí)8分鐘TodaymydaughterandIwenttoaparkinglot__1__(sell)someofoureggs.It'san__2__(extreme)coldday.Aswepulledintotheparkinglot,therewasaman__3__(sit)ontheroadside,holdinghisbike,andheheldupapaperplateon__4__hehadwritten“willworkforfood”．Hewasstillthereaswelefttheparkinglot,andIaskedmydaughter“shouldwegethimsomefoodorsomemoney？”andshesaid“yes,let's.”SoIpulledupnext__5__him,gotoutofthecar,andgavehimallmyeggmoney.Istillhadanotherdozen__6__(egg)inthecar,soIaskedifhewantedthem,__7__unexpectedly,hesaidno.Hestillhadhalfadozenandhedidn'twant__8__(donate)fromothersmorethanheneeded.Ifelt__9__(freeze)throughandthroughjuststandingtheretalkingwithhimforaminute,andhemustbesittingthereforhours.I'mgladwe__10__(stop),I'mgladIgotoutofthecarandtalkedwithhimforaminute.Ihopehehasawarmplacetosleeptonight.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文中講述了“我”和女兒遇到并幫助流浪漢的故事。1．tosell考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示她們?nèi)ベu雞蛋。2．extremely考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處extreme要修飾形容詞cold，故用副詞形式。3．sitting考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。sitting是現(xiàn)在分詞形式，此處用作定語(yǔ)，修飾man。4．which考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處所填關(guān)系詞前有介詞，which指前面的paperplate。5．to考查介詞。此處是固定搭配nextto(在……旁邊)。6．eggs考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。egg前面有anotherdozen修飾，故此處egg應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。7．but考查連詞。根據(jù)下文句意可知，令人出乎意料地，他拒絕了。此處應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。8．donation(s)考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用名詞donation(s)作want的賓語(yǔ)。9．frozen考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處的frozen是過(guò)去分詞，表示“感到寒冷的”“凍僵的”。10．stopped考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處stop是指之前作者正準(zhǔn)備走時(shí)，看到這個(gè)人還在那里而停下來(lái)和他說(shuō)話，所以是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。Passage5限時(shí)6分鐘Moreandmoremiddleschoolstudentsaregoingtoallkindsoftrainingclassesor__1__(have)familyteachersatweekends.Therearetwodifferentviewpoints__2__it.Somethink__3__necessary.Firstofall,it's__4__(effective)tostudywithateacherthanbythemselves.Secondly,itcanstrengthen__5__theyhavelearnedinclass.Besides,theycanlearnalotmore.Othersthinkit__6__(necessary).Foronething,studentscaneasilyformthehabitofdependence.For__7__，studentsneedtimetorelaxfromtimetotime.What'smore,thepurposeofmanytrainingclassesandfamilyteachers__8__(be)tomakemoney.Inmyopinion,whetheratrainingclassorfamilyteacher__9__(need)justdepends.Besuretochooseagoodand__10__(suit)classorteacher,oritwouldbeawasteoftimeandmoney.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。如今越來(lái)越多的中學(xué)生開(kāi)始參加各種各樣的培訓(xùn)班或者請(qǐng)家教。人們對(duì)此持有不同的觀點(diǎn)。1．having考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)的省略。句意：越來(lái)越多的中學(xué)生開(kāi)始在周末參加各種各樣的輔導(dǎo)班或者請(qǐng)家教。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，or連接兩個(gè)相同的成分：aregoing與arehaving。為了避免重復(fù)，省去第二個(gè)并列成分中的助動(dòng)詞are，故填having。2．on考查介詞。句意：人們對(duì)此有兩種不同的意見(jiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知，填介詞on，意為“關(guān)于”。3．it考查代詞。句意：一些人認(rèn)為這是有必要的。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處指代上文提到的上輔導(dǎo)班或者請(qǐng)家教這件事。故填代詞it。4．moreeffective考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：首先，有老師輔導(dǎo)比自學(xué)效率更高。根據(jù)下文中的提示詞than可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。effective是多音節(jié)形容詞，故填moreeffective。5．what考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：其次，這樣可以鞏固他們?cè)谡n堂上所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，且意為“……的事物(東西)”。故填what。6．unnecessary考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：另外一些人認(rèn)為這沒(méi)有必要。此處表述第二種觀點(diǎn)，即相反的觀點(diǎn)，故此處應(yīng)該為否定意義。故填necessary的反義詞unnecessary，意為“沒(méi)必要的”。7．a(chǎn)nother考查固定搭配。句意：一方面，學(xué)生容易養(yǎng)成依賴的習(xí)慣；另一方面，學(xué)生們偶爾也需要時(shí)間放松。foronething...,foranother...為固定搭配，意為“一方面……，另一方面……”。故填another。8．is考查主謂一致。句意：況且，許多輔導(dǎo)班和家教的目的就是為了賺錢(qián)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的主語(yǔ)是thepurpose，為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填is。9．isneeded考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：依我看，是否需要上輔導(dǎo)班或者請(qǐng)家教要視情況而定。本句主語(yǔ)是whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，從句中的主語(yǔ)atrainingclassorfamilyteacher與動(dòng)詞need之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，且此處描述作者的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填isneeded。10．suitable考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：一定要選一個(gè)好的、合適的輔導(dǎo)班或者老師，要不然就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢(qián)。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞suitable。Passage6限時(shí)6分鐘Ithasbeen__1__(exact)oneyearsinceIreturnedfromSenegal.Volunteeringhashelpedmeunderstand__2__isimportanttomeandhowtoliveahappylife.Inthepast,I__3__(follow)thecommonpath：fromschooltouniversity.It'snotthatIdidn'tenjoytheseexperiences,butthatIhadbeenleddownthatpathbytheexpectationsfrommyparentsandteachersratherthanmyownambitions.Therefore,after__4__(graduate)fromuniversity,Idecidedtoachievesomethingmore__5__(benefit),somethingthatwouldhelpthewidercommunity.__6__(apply)forInternationalCitizenService,thenIwenttoKaolack,SenegalwithYCareInternational,whereIworked__7__amemberofateamofUKandSenegalesevolunteershelpingimprovethelivesofthelocalyoungpeople.IspenttimeworkingontheAct2LiveProjectandassistingallkindsofsimilar__8__(organize)intheirworktoimprovethelivesofthepoor.Byfar,themostrewardingaspectofmyvolunteeringwassupportingtheamazingpeopleofKaolack.Workingon__9__widevarietyoftasksandlivinginadifferentculturehaveapositiveeffectonmydevelopment.Thankstovolunteering,Iwasable__10__(find)confidenceasayoungadult,learnnewskillsandenrichmylife.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者做志愿者的原因以及做志愿者對(duì)作者的益處。1．exactly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用副詞exactly修飾動(dòng)詞“hasbeen”。2．what考查名詞性從句。what在此處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并且在從句中作主語(yǔ)。3．followed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文中的短語(yǔ)“Inthepast”可知，本句描述的是過(guò)去的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。4．graduating考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處“after”是介詞，故后面接動(dòng)名詞形式。5．beneficial考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。本空與“more”構(gòu)成形容詞比較級(jí)，并且作不定代詞something的后置定語(yǔ)，故用benefit的形容詞形式beneficial。6．Havingapplied考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)本句中的邏輯主語(yǔ)“I”與“apply”是主謂關(guān)系，而且表示的動(dòng)作早于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生可知，此處應(yīng)該用apply現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語(yǔ)，故此處填入Havingapplied。7．a(chǎn)s考查介詞。workas表示“從事……工作”。8．organizations考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由關(guān)鍵詞“allkindsof”和“their”可知，本空應(yīng)填入organize的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式organizations。9．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。awidevarietyof意為“多種多樣的”。10．tofind考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。beabletodosth.意為“能夠做某事”。Passage7限時(shí)7分鐘IcanwellrememberthatIwasonceaskedtodeliveraspeechtitled“ARealTestinMyLife”beforethewholeclassattheageof9!Youcanimaginehow__1__(terrible)shyIwasthemomentIthoughtofthatwithsomanyeyes__2__(fix)uponme.Ihadno__3__(choose)buttoprepareforit,though.Firstofall,Iwastodraftthespeech,whichwasjustapieceofcakeforme,agoodwriter.Butthehardpart__4__(lie)inmyoralpresentationfrommymemory—fortoreadfromthepaperwasnotallowed.Therealmomentbegan__5__Istoodontheplatformwithmylegstremblingandmymindblank.Butmy__6__(listen)werestillwaitingpatientlywithoutanysignsofrushingme.GraduallyIfoundmyselfback,givingoutmyspeechwithdifficulty.Afterwhatseemedtobeahundredyears,Ifoundmyaudienceapplauding—Imade__7__！Fromthenon,myfearoftalkingbeforeanaudience__8__(appear).Actuallywithmyconfidencebuiltup,Inowturnouttobeagreatspeaker.Lookingback,Iknowthegreatestdifficultyonourway__9__successisourfear.Overcomeit,__10__wewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者九歲那年第一次當(dāng)眾演講，十分恐懼和害羞，但是最終成功了。從此，作者明白了一個(gè)道理：人生路上，只有克服恐懼，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。1．terribly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：你能想象，我一想到要在那么多雙眼睛的注視下演講，我是多么害羞。形容詞shy需要副詞來(lái)修飾，此處terribly意為“很，非常，極度”，故填terribly。2．fixed考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由短語(yǔ)fixone'seyeson...可知fix和eyes之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用fix的過(guò)去分詞形式。3．choice考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：然而，我沒(méi)有別的選擇，只能為演講做好準(zhǔn)備。no后應(yīng)接名詞，故填choice。4．lay考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處表示但是困難的部分在于作者的口頭陳述。由語(yǔ)境可知，這是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的回憶，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。表示“在于”時(shí)，lie的過(guò)去式是lay。5．when考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：當(dāng)我站在講臺(tái)上雙腿發(fā)抖，大腦一片空白時(shí)，真正(考驗(yàn)我)的時(shí)刻到了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處需要填時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞when，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。6．listeners考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：但是我的聽(tīng)眾們還在耐心地等我，沒(méi)有催促我的跡象。形容詞性物主代詞后要跟名詞，故用名詞listener，意為“聽(tīng)眾”；由后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were可知，此處應(yīng)填其復(fù)數(shù)形式。7．it考查固定短語(yǔ)。makeit意為“獲得成功；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)”，為固定短語(yǔ)。8．disappeared考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，作者在第一次演講中克服了恐懼，故填appear的反義詞disappear，意為“消失”；因?yàn)樵搫?dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故填disappeared。9．to考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：回首過(guò)去，我知道在我們通往成功的路上最大的困難就是我們的恐懼。onone'swayto意為“在某人通往……的路上”，為固定短語(yǔ)。10．a(chǎn)nd考查連詞。句意：克服了它，我們就能實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。這里運(yùn)用了“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”的句型，本句中的陳述句表順承的結(jié)果，需填and。Passage8限時(shí)7分鐘TylerThompsonis__1__unlikelystarintheworldofPekingOpera.The15-year-oldfromOaklandhasfascinatedaudiencesintheUSandChinawithhisability__2__(sing)pitch-perfectMandarin(普通話)andperformtheancientChineseartform.Theteen,__3__isblackandonlyspeakssomebasicChinese,hasbeenpraisedbyteacherssincehe__4__(pick)upthemusicasakindergartener.“Assoonasheopens__5__(he)mouthandsingsinChinese,theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelveryproudofhim，”saidhismusicteacher.“Whenheputsonthecostumeandalltheacting,youcanseethatheisprettygood.”Tylerhaslearnedtosingseveralwell-knownpiecesofPekingOpera,acenturies-oldformofmusicaltheater__6__(know)foritshighlystructuredcostumes,changinggongs(鑼)andcymbals(鈸),wide-rangingvoicesandhighlystylized__7__(move).Tylergot__8__(stand)cheerswhenheperformed__9__JusticeBao,afamousSongDynastyjudgewhofoughtcorruption,fromtheChineseclassicBaoQingtian.“Themusicisverybeautiful,andit'sverypassionate，”saidTyler.“It'smademe__10__(want)toknowmoreabouttheworldoutsideofAmericaorCaliforniaorOakland.”1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文中主要介紹了一個(gè)擅長(zhǎng)表演京劇的外國(guó)青少年的故事。1．a(chǎn)n考查冠詞。star是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在文章中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾；形容詞unlikely的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故用an。2．tosing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。abilitytodosth.意為“做某事的能力”，為固定搭配，故用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。3．who考查定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞Theteen。4．picked考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。since意為“自從”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5．his考查代詞。根據(jù)mouth和主語(yǔ)he可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his修飾名詞mouth，在句子中作定語(yǔ)。6．known考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。know和句子謂語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞，故用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且know和其邏輯主語(yǔ)form之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。7．movements考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)and可知，此處與名詞voices呼應(yīng)，故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，即movements。8．standing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由空后的名詞cheers可知，此處standing為動(dòng)名詞，作定語(yǔ)，意為“站著進(jìn)行的”，表示Tyler得到了(觀眾的)起立歡呼。9．a(chǎn)s考查介詞。此處as意為“作為”，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，與performed呼應(yīng)，表示扮演的角色，符合語(yǔ)境。10．want考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。makesb.dosth.“使某人做某事”，應(yīng)用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填want。Passage9限時(shí)8分鐘LookingaroundthestreetsofLondon,you'llseemanypeopleondifferentmeansoftransport,__1__it'sonacommutetowork,atriptotheshops,orasightseeing.Scooter,thistraditionalchildrenvehicle__2__(become)moresophisticatedoverthepastyears.Andnow,__3__theadditionofasmallelectricmotor,it'sbecomeacheapandeasymodeoftransport.Beingfunandnotinvolvingmucheffort,scootingisgetting__4__(increase)populararoundtheworld.However,safetyproblemsarise.__5__scooterridershavebeenseenonpavements;othersontheroadjumpingredtrafficlights,addingtothefrustrationofmotorists__6__(stick)injams.IntheUK,thelawstatesthatridingoneonthepublichighwayorpavement__7__(forbid).Nowriders,facinga￡300fixed-penaltynoticeandsixpointsontheirdrivinglicencefordoingso,arecallingon__8__(regulate)tobechanged.Despitethefactthatsomeofthemcanexceed30mph,theyonlyhaveonebrakeandnolights.__9__confidenttheridermaybe,largervehiclesontheroadmakethemeasilyhurt.Soitseemsmoreworkrequires__10__(do)togivee-scootersasafeandlegalspacetotravel.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了使用滑板車面臨著多種危險(xiǎn)，需要制度的約束。1．whether考查連詞。whether...or...表示“是……還是”，表示選擇，為固定搭配。2．hasbecome考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“overthepastyears”判斷要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3．with考查介詞。在滑板車上增加了一個(gè)電機(jī)，此處表示“有……，具有……”。4．increasingly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾形容詞，故用副詞。increasingly表示“逐漸地”。5．Some考查限定詞。與others連用表示“一些……另一些……”。6．stuck考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。7．isforbidden考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在機(jī)動(dòng)車道和人行道上使用滑板車是被禁止的。8．regulations考查名詞。作callon的賓語(yǔ)，故用名詞。9．However考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。此處引導(dǎo)詞連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。10．doing/tobedone考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。requiredoing/tobedone表示“需要被……”。Passage10限時(shí)7分鐘Longjingtea,__1__hastoppedthelistofthetenmostfamousteasinChinawithitscolor,tasteandshape,__2__(name)afteritsproductionregion—LongjingVillageofWestLake.Thegoodenvironmentandwaterresourceshavecontributedmuchtothe__3__(grow)ofthetea,confirmingthesayingthat“Longjingteaisthe__4__(good)amongalloftheteasintheworld”.Thanks__5__theQianlongEmperoroftheQingDynasty,theteahasearnedahighreputation.ThestorywentthattheQianlongEmperorvisitedamountainduringhisHangzhoutravels,andhesawsomeladiespickingtheteaat__6__footofthemountain.Hewassointerestedintheirmovementsthathedecidedtohaveagohimself.While__7__(pick)thetea,hereceivedthenewsofhismother'sillness,sohecarelesslyputtheleavesinhisrightsleeveand__8__(leave)HangzhouforBeijing.Hevisitedhismother__9__(immediate)uponhisarrivalinBeijing,andhismothersmeltthefragranceofthetealeavesfromhisrightsleeveandwantedtohaveataste.Afterdrinkingacupoftea,shefoundherselfcompletely__10__(refresh),andsheevenpraiseditasacureforallillnesses.Fromthenon,itwaslistedasthetributetea.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了西湖龍井茶盛名的由來(lái)。1．which考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：龍井茶因?yàn)槠渖珴?、味道和外形而居于中?guó)十大名茶之首，它以其生產(chǎn)地區(qū)——西湖龍井村而命名。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞為表示物的“Longjingtea”，所以用which引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。2．isnamed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處主語(yǔ)Longjingtea與動(dòng)詞name之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且敘述一般的情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3．growth考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。良好的環(huán)境和水資源對(duì)茶的生長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)良多。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞和空后的“ofthetea”可知，此處用名詞growth。4．best考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。龍井茶是世界上所有茶葉中最好的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處用形容詞的最高級(jí)，且由空前的定冠詞the及空后的“amongalloftheteasintheworld”也可知應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。5．to考查固定搭配。thanksto意為“幸虧，由于”，為固定搭配。6．the考查冠詞。此處的mountain指上文中提到的mountain，為特指，故用定冠詞the。7．picking考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在采茶葉的時(shí)候，他收到了他的母親生病的消息，所以他漫不經(jīng)心地把茶葉放到他右邊的袖子里，離開(kāi)杭州去北京。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為分詞作狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞pick與其邏輯主語(yǔ)he之間為主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。8．left考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本段敘述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且and前的received和put也是提示。9．immediately考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。他一到北京，就立即去拜訪母親。此處修飾動(dòng)詞visited應(yīng)用副詞。10．refreshed考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。喝了一杯茶后，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己完全恢復(fù)了精神。findoneself＋adj.意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人自己……”，此處用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法填空解題策略探究(一)一、有提示詞填空題的解題技巧1．提示詞為動(dòng)詞(1)若句子沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但所填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，則所給動(dòng)詞在句子中作謂語(yǔ)，這時(shí)就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致及虛擬語(yǔ)氣。典例1(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)________(remove)theskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.答案：Removeand連接并列謂語(yǔ)remove和place，故填Remove。(2)若所給提示詞為動(dòng)詞，又不在句中作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。典例2(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________(improve)waterquality.答案：toimprove根據(jù)前面的“Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice”可知，政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民們種植更多的玉米而不是水稻來(lái)提高水質(zhì)，此處是目的狀語(yǔ)，故填toimprove。2．提示詞為名詞如果給出的提示詞是名詞，一種情況是考查詞形變化，詞性不變，如：變成名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式、名詞所有格等；另一種情況是考查名詞與其他詞類的轉(zhuǎn)化，如：轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞、副詞等。典例(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall________(cause)．答案：causes根據(jù)句意“每天僅僅跑5～10分鐘就能降低所有因素導(dǎo)致的心臟病和早逝的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”以及all可知，cause用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3．提示詞為形容詞或副詞如果括號(hào)內(nèi)給出的是形容詞或副詞，一種情況是考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，如：形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞或副詞與名詞、動(dòng)詞等之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；另一種情況是考查比較級(jí)，一般有表示范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)in/of...或定語(yǔ)從句，或空格前有the時(shí)，要用最高級(jí)；than的前面一定要用比較級(jí)。典例(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatis________(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.答案：actually根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處修飾介詞短語(yǔ)behindthechange，使用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。Passage1限時(shí)8分鐘(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for__1__(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,__2__sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave__3__(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene__4__(declare)shehadnoplans__5__(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI__6__(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,__7__becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall__8__(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas__9__joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's__10__(wonder)．”1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了一位90歲的英國(guó)女性仍然堅(jiān)持每周工作40個(gè)小時(shí)而獲得“年度女性獎(jiǎng)”的事跡。1．being考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞for后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用其動(dòng)名詞形式。2．which考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，thepetshop是先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少opened的賓語(yǔ)，故用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。3．finally考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞acknowledge。4．declared考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；結(jié)合后面的had可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5．toretire考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處用不定式短語(yǔ)作plans的后置定語(yǔ)，表示“她沒(méi)有退休的計(jì)劃”。6．havemade考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)空格后的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“overtheyears”可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。7．but考查連詞。not...but...“不是……而是……”。8．saying考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。say與前面的acall之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填saying，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾acall。9．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。joke“笑話，玩笑”，是可數(shù)名詞。空格后的joke為單數(shù)，且表示泛指，故其前用a。10．wonderful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。系動(dòng)詞is后面跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。Passage2限時(shí)8分鐘(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining__1__hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake__2__(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack__3__dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters__4__hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand__5__(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting__6__(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany__7__(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere__8__(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we__9__(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,__1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者的一次旅行經(jīng)歷。1．so考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如此……以至于……”，so修飾副詞hard。2．toget考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是ittakessometimetodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事”。3．of考查固定搭配。apackof是固定搭配，意為“一群……”。4．who考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾指人的先行詞theirmasters，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞who。5．recommended考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。6．competition考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空格前的形容詞interesting可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞compete的名詞形式competition。7．traditional考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。所填詞修飾名詞stories，故應(yīng)用tradition的形容詞形式traditional。8．hugely考查副詞。所填詞修飾形容詞popular，故應(yīng)用huge的副詞形式hugely。behugelypopularwith“非常受……歡迎”。9．wereinvited考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，且主語(yǔ)we與動(dòng)詞invite之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。10．listening考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與and后面的現(xiàn)在分詞meeting并列，主語(yǔ)we與listen之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。Passage3限時(shí)8分鐘(2020·惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研考試試題)Today,MountQomolangma'speakisnotalonelyplaceanymore.Over3,500peoplehave__1__(successful)climbedthemountainoverthepastyear.Meanwhile,climbershavecomplainedabout__2__(wait)forhoursinthebottlenecks.Infact,thedangerous__3__(crowd)aren'ttheonlyproblem.Allthoseclimbersneed__4__(bring)alotofgear(設(shè)備),muchofwhichendsupbeingleftonthemountain.Itisbecomingtheworld's__5__(tall)rubbishdump.Butthegoodnewsis__6__somemountaineershavestartedtocleanupQomolangma.MountaineersPaulandEberhardarepartofEcoEverestExpedition,whichhasbeencleaninguprubbishsince2008.Sofarthey__7__(collect)over13tonsofgarbage.Someofthatrubbishisevenbeingusedfor__8__higherpurpose.AspartoftheMountEverest8848ArtProject,agroupof15artistsfromNepalcollected1.5tonsofgarbage.They'vechangedthecansandoxygentanksinto74piecesofartthathavealreadybeenexhibited__9__Nepal'scapital.Partoftheprofitfromsales__10__(be)availablefortheEverestPeakeersAssociationwhichhashelpedcollectrubbishoffthemountain.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了珠穆朗瑪峰的污染情況以及現(xiàn)在采取的應(yīng)對(duì)污染的措施和取得的進(jìn)步。1．successfully考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞，故填successfully。2．waiting考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處介詞about之后應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式，故填waiting。3．crowds考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的形容詞dangerous可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞形式，crowd“人群”為可數(shù)名詞，且句子的謂語(yǔ)aren't為復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式crowds。4．tobring考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處表示所有這些登山者都需要帶著大量設(shè)備，故此處用needtodosth.“需要做某事”。5．tallest考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)句中的theworld's表述“全世界范圍內(nèi)的”可知，此處表示最高級(jí)的含義，故用形容詞最高級(jí)tallest。6．that考查名詞性從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，無(wú)語(yǔ)意，僅起連接作用，故用that引導(dǎo)該從句。7．havecollected考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Sofar可知，此處表示截止到現(xiàn)在已收集的垃圾數(shù)量，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；又主語(yǔ)t