（高清版）GBT 41190-2021 鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量

鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量2021-12-31發(fā)布2022-07-01實(shí)施國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)I本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定起草。請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。本文件由中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部提出。本文件由全國畜牧業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)(SAC/TC274)歸口。本文件起草單位：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院特產(chǎn)研究所。張鐵濤。1鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量1范圍本文件規(guī)定了梅花鹿和馬鹿的營養(yǎng)需要量。本文件適用于人工飼養(yǎng)條件下的梅花鹿和馬鹿。2規(guī)范性引用文件本文件沒有規(guī)范性引用文件。3術(shù)語和定義下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。營養(yǎng)需要量nutrientrequirements最低營養(yǎng)需要量minimumnutrientrequirements動(dòng)物在維持正常生理活動(dòng)、機(jī)體健康和達(dá)到特定生產(chǎn)性能時(shí)對營養(yǎng)素需要的最低數(shù)量。仔鹿fawn出生后至當(dāng)年年末，7月齡之內(nèi)的鹿。出生后第二年初至第三年8月末，8月齡～28月齡的鹿。出生后第三年8月末，28月齡以后的鹿。生茸期velvetantlergrowingperiod公鹿從脫盤至茸收獲的時(shí)期。注：梅花鹿一般為4月至8月，馬鹿一般為3月至8月。配種期breedingperiod鹿自然發(fā)情配種的時(shí)期。注：生產(chǎn)中一般從9月至11月?；謴?fù)期recoveryperiod公鹿配種后體質(zhì)恢復(fù)時(shí)期。注：生產(chǎn)中一般指12月至翌年3月。2妊娠期pregnancyperiod母鹿受精后至胎兒娩出的一段時(shí)間。注：生產(chǎn)中一般指受孕至翌年6月。從仔鹿出生至仔鹿斷奶的時(shí)期。4營養(yǎng)需要量仔鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量應(yīng)符合表1的要求。表1梅花鹿仔鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量月齡干物質(zhì)采食量/(g/kg)21.0總能/(MJ/kg)0.510.51粗蛋白質(zhì)/(g/kg)6.00可消化蛋白/(g/kg)4.50鈣/(g/d)4.16磷/(g/d)2.702.56氯化鈉/(g/d)4.00銅/(mg/d)錳/(mg/d)23.1鋅/(mg/d)23.124.0鐵/(mg/d)鈷/(mg/d)0.230.24硒/(mg/d)0.070.08碘/(mg/d)0.110.12維生素A/(IU/d)2039維生素D/(IU/d)維生素E/(IU/d)育成鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量應(yīng)符合表2的要求。3表2梅花鹿育成鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量月齡干物質(zhì)采食量/(g/kg)43.8539.4042.3840.934.05總能/(MJ/kg)0.720.670.700.670.58粗蛋白質(zhì)/(g/kg)6.406.336.00可消化蛋白/(g/kg)4.224.184.80鈣/(g/d)9.12磷/(g/d)氯化鈉/(g/d)銅/(mg/d)20.64錳/(mg/d)63.0鋅/(mg/d)206.0208.0鐵/(mg/d)84.096.0鈷/(mg/d)0.380.420.480.520.52硒/(mg/d)0.190.210.240.260.26碘/(mg/d)0.480.520.600.650.65維生素A/(IU/d)475063538210維生素D/(IU/d)維生素E/(IU/d)成年母鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量應(yīng)符合表3的要求。表3梅花鹿成年母鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量時(shí)期配種期妊娠期哺乳期平均體重/kg干物質(zhì)采食量/(g/kg)總能/(MJ/kg)粗蛋白質(zhì)/(g/kg)可消化蛋白/(g/kg)鈣/(g/d)4表3梅花鹿成年母鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量(續(xù))時(shí)期配種期妊娠期哺乳期磷/(g/d)4.306.066.88氯化鈉/(g/d)銅/(mg/d)20.4錳/(mg/d)45.063.280.083.293.2鋅/(mg/d)45.047.460.083.093.0鐵/(mg/d)60.068.090.0鈷/(mg/d)0.450.510.570.470.540.600.830.93硒/(mg/d)0.150.170.190.160.180.200.210.230.26碘/(mg/d)0.530.600.670.550.630.70維生素A/(IU/d)466260009028661881049562維生素D/(IU/d)468維生素E/(IU/d)成年公鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量應(yīng)符合表4的要求。表4梅花鹿成年公鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量時(shí)期配種期恢復(fù)期生茸期平均體重/kg干物質(zhì)采食量/(g/kg)21.7121.8521.7630.6329.6828.8936.9436.0635.27總能/(MJ/kg)0.350.360.360.610.500.480.630.620.61粗蛋白質(zhì)/(g/kg)2.972.704.496.276.136.00可消化蛋白/(g/kg)2.402.352.162.652.464.844.80鈣/(g/d)21.5420.2920.3029.627.3磷/(g/d)6.786.818.909.028.499.96食鹽/(g/d)21.623.0銅/(mg/d)21.226.228.343.9242.7245.1244.2851.9655.08錳/(mg/d)256.2249.2263.2258.3303.1321.3鋅/(mg/d)292.8284.8300.8295.2346.4367.25表4梅花鹿成年公鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量(續(xù))時(shí)期配種期恢復(fù)期生茸期鐵/(mg/d)219.6213.6225.6221.4259.8275.4鈷/(mg/d)2.202.142.302.95硒/(mg/d)0.210.260.280.370.360.380.370.430.46碘/(mg/d)2.562.492.634.244.98維生素A/(IU/d)4818607868319445918061209307維生素D/(IU/d)維生素E/(IU/d)仔鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量應(yīng)符合表5的要求。表5馬鹿仔鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量月齡0～34～7干物質(zhì)采食量/(g/kg)25.78總能/(MJ/kg)0.690.44粗蛋白質(zhì)/(g/kg)可消化蛋白/(g/kg)4.362.80鈣/(g/d)23.0磷/(g/d)25.5氯化鈉/(g/d)銅/(mg/d)20.726.1錳/(mg/d)鋅/(mg/d)鐵/(mg/d)333.5420.5鈷/(mg/d)0.3450.435硒/(mg/d)0.290.36碘/(mg/d)0.290.36維生素A/(IU/d)43506表5馬鹿仔鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量(續(xù))月齡維生素D/(IU/d)維生素E/(IU/d)育成鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量應(yīng)符合表6的要求。表6馬鹿育成鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量月齡干物質(zhì)采食量/(g/kg)總能/(MJ/kg)0.740.740.490.74粗蛋白質(zhì)/(g/kg)4.84.84.8可消化蛋白/(g/kg)2.822.822.82鈣/(g/d)22.5磷/(g/d)6.75氯化鈉/(g/d)銅/(mg/d)40.5錳/(mg/d)67.590.066.0鋅/(mg/d)240.0312.0鐵/(mg/d)90.088.0鈷/(mg/d)0.670.900.66硒/(mg/d)0.560.750.550.97碘/(mg/d)0.450.660.480.85維生素A/(IU/d)675090006600維生素D/(IU/d)2145維生素E/(IU/d)成年母鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量應(yīng)符合表7的要求。7表7馬鹿成年母鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量時(shí)期配種期妊娠期哺乳期干物質(zhì)采食量/(g/kg)20.0總能/(MJ/kg)0.320.510.56粗蛋白質(zhì)/(g/kg)可消化蛋白/(g/kg)2.52鈣/(g/d)40.0磷/(g/d)20.0氯化鈉/(g/d)20.0銅/(mg/d)60.090.090.0錳/(mg/d)鋅/(mg/d)200.0鐵/(mg/d)200.0鈷/(mg/d)硒/(mg/d)碘/(mg/d)維生素A/(IU/d)8000維生素D/(IU/d)2000維生素E/(IU/d)成年公鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量應(yīng)符合表8的要求。表8馬鹿成年公鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量時(shí)期配種期恢復(fù)期生茸期干物質(zhì)采食量/(g/kg)20.0總能/(MJ/kg)0.3240.5070.558粗蛋白質(zhì)/(g/kg)可消化蛋白/(g/kg)2.52鈣/(g/d)45.047.049.0磷/(g/d)25.025.025.08表8馬鹿成年公鹿?fàn)I養(yǎng)需要量(續(xù))時(shí)期配種期恢復(fù)期生茸期氯化鈉/(g/d)24.0銅/(mg/d)85.585.5錳/(mg/d)288.0364.0504.0鋅/(mg/d)336.0416.0576.0鐵/(mg/d)240.0312.0432.0鈷/(mg/d)硒/(mg/d)0.480.520.72碘/(g/d)4.16維生素A/(IU/d)維生素D/(IU/d)2850維生素E/(IU/d)5飼料營養(yǎng)成分5.1鹿常用飼料常規(guī)營養(yǎng)成分見表A.1。5.2鹿常用飼料礦物質(zhì)元素含量見表A.2。9(資料性)鹿常用飼料營養(yǎng)成分表表A.1～表A.2給出了鹿常用飼料營養(yǎng)成分。表A.1鹿常用飼料常規(guī)營養(yǎng)成分名稱中國飼料號CFN干物質(zhì)含量%粗蛋白%粗脂肪%粗纖維%灰分%無氮浸出物%鈣%磷%玉米4-07-027886.00.020.27大豆5-09-012791.14.224.40.28大豆餅5-10-024189.041.84.80.310.50大豆粕5-10-010389.047.94.04.90.340.65小麥麩4-08-006987.04.90.110.92向日葵仁餅5-10-003188.029.020.44.70.240.87棉籽餅5-10-011888.026.10.210.83棉籽粕5-10-011990.047.026.30.25花生仁餅5-10-011688.044.725.10.250.53花生仁粕5-10-011588.047.827.20.270.56菜籽餅5-10-018388.026.30.590.96菜籽粕5-10-012188.028.90.65玉米胚芽餅4-10-002690.00.04玉米胚芽粕4-10-024490.020.80.06膨化玉米4-07-000590.60.080.22玉米蛋白粉5-11-000190.163.50.070.44米糠4-08-004187.044.50.07DDGS5-11-001790.028.34.10.200.74啤酒酵母7-15-000191.74.70.16苜蓿草粉1-05-007687.029.80.19玉米秸1-06-006290.024.9——玉米青貯3-03-002525.00.100.02小麥秸1-06-062289.641.10.050.06干柞樹葉2-02-002486.34.321.60.07青柞樹葉2-00-000090.80.12表A.1鹿常用飼料常規(guī)營養(yǎng)成分(續(xù))名稱中國飼料號干物質(zhì)含量%粗蛋白%粗脂肪%粗纖維%灰分%無氮浸出物%鈣%%%青豆秸豆秸青蒿青稞羊草注：“—”表示數(shù)據(jù)不詳。表A.2鹿常用飼料礦物質(zhì)元素含量名稱中國飼料號CFN鈉%鎂%鉀%鐵mg/kg銅mg/kg錳mg/kg鋅mg/kgmg/kg玉米4-07-02780.010.110.2921.10.04大豆5-09-01270.020.2821.540.70.06大豆餅5-10-02410.020.2543.40.04大豆粕5-10-01030.030.282.0524.046.40.10小麥麩4-08-00690.070.5296.50.07苜蓿草粉1-05-00760.110.362.22437.022.60.48棉籽餅5-10-01180.040.52266.044.90.11棉籽粕5-10-01190.040.40263.00.15啤酒酵母7-15-00010.100.23248.061.022.386.7玉米蛋白粉5-11-00010.010.080.30230.00.02菜籽餅5-10-01830.020.01687.00.29菜籽粕5-10-01210.090.51653.082.267.50.16玉米胚芽餅4-10-00260.010.100.3099.0—玉米胚芽粕4-10-02440.010.160.69214.023.30.33花生仁