人教版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)選擇性必修第1冊(cè)UNIT1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT練習(xí)含答案

UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTⅠ.閱讀理解ABrianTracyisaveryfamousCanadian-bornmotivationalspeaker,anditissafeenoughtosaythatheisoneofthebestonesoutthere.Brianisexcellentinthefieldsofpublicspeaking,leadershipandsuccesspsychology.However,itdidnotbeginforBrianlikethat,ashewasthetroublemakerofthefamily.Thingshavedefinitelychangedforhim,asheoncestruggledtopaytheutility(公用事業(yè))bills.BrianisthePresidentandCEOofthreemulti-milliondollarcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.Heisfluentinmorethanfourlanguagesandhasonemainmessageforeveryoneoutthere,“Ibelievethroughlearningandtheapplicationofwhatyouhavelearned,youcansolveanyproblem,overcomeanybarrierandachieveanygoalthatyousetforyourself.”BrianTraywasborninCanadain1944andraisedintheUnitedStates.Hisearlychildhoodwasspentinavarietyoflocations,includingIllinois,Wisconsin,Minnesota,andCalifornia.Hisfamilymovedfrequentlyandhewasofteninanewschool.Tracy’sparents’marriageendedwhenhewassevenyearsold,andheandhissiblingshadtolivewiththetwodifferenthouseholds.Withhisfathermostlyabsent,Tracyandhissiblingswerelargelyraisedbyhismother.Hismotherwasahard-workingsingleparentwhohelddownthreejobstosupportthefamily.Tracywasoftenlefttohisowndevices,whichincludedalotofreading.Hereadawidevarietyofbooks,includingbiographiesandbooksonsuccessandpersonaldevelopment.Hisreadinggavehimaneducationthatwasfarbeyondhisyears.Healsostudiedmusicandplayedsports.Althoughhischildhoodwasdifficultandhiscircumstancesweresometimesdifficult,Tracy’sstrongspiritanddeterminationeventuallyledtosuccess.Hisearlychildhoodexperienceshelpedshapehisbeliefsandvalues,andheappliedthemtohislaterlifeandcareer.1.WhatdidTracydofrequentlybeforebecomingfamous?A.Hedeliveredspeechesinpublic.B.Helearntfromexcellentleaders.C.Heturnedtopsychologistsforhelp.D.Hemadetroubleforhisfamily.2.WhatisthesecretofmasteringforeignlanguagesaccordingtoTracy?A.Learninginordertopractise.B.Payingattentiontopronunciation.C.Settingalong-termgoal.D.Acquiringadequatevocabulary.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“siblings”meaninparagraph3?A.Classmatesorfriends.B.Brothersorsisters.C.Unclesoraunts.D.Neighborsorrelatives.4.WhatisthemostbeneficialtoTracy’sdevelopment?A.Thegoodeducation.B.Thewidereading.C.Themother’ssupport.D.Thetoughchildhood.BKenyahasbeenattheforefront(前沿)oftheglobalwaronplasticsincethegovernmentbannedsingle-useplasticsinprotectedareasinJune2020.Unfortunately,thepreventivemeasureshavebarelyreceivedattention.Hundredsoftonsofindustrialandconsumerpolymerwastecontinuetogetdumpedintolandfillsdaily.However,if29-year-oldNzambiMateehasherway,theunsightlyplasticheapswillsoonbetransformedintocolorfulbricks.

Thematerialsengineer’sseekingtofindapracticalsolutiontocontrolplasticpollutionbeganin2017.Shequitherjobandsetupasmalllabinhermother’sbackyard.Ittookherninemonthstoproducethefirstbrickandevenlongertoconvinceapartnertohelpbuildthemachinerytomakethem.Butthedeterminedeco-entrepreneurwasconfidentinherideaanddidnotgiveup.Shesays,“Iwantedtousemyeducationtohandleplasticwastepollution.ButIwasveryclearthatthesolutionhadtobepractical,sustainable,andaffordable.Thebestwaytodothiswasbychannelingthewasteintotheconstructionspaceandfindingthemostefficientandaffordablematerialtobuildhomes.”Hercompanyproducesover1,500bricksaday.Thepaversaremadeusingamixofplasticproductsthatcannotbereprocessedorrecycled.Thecollectedplasticismixedwithsand,heatedatveryhightemperatures,andcompressed(壓縮)intobricksthatvaryincolorandthickness.Theresultingproductisstronger,lighter,andabout30percentcheaperthanconcretebricks.Moreimportantly,ithelpsrepurposethelowestqualityofplastic.“Thereisthatwastetheycannotprocessanymore;theycannotrecycle.Thatiswhatweget,”Mateesays.Mateeisnotnearlydone.Herdreamistoreducethemountainoftrashtojustahillbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings.Shesays,“Themorewerecycletheplastic,themoreweproduceaffordablehousing,themorewecreatedmoreemploymentfortheyouth.”5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph1imply?A.Matee’smethodcanbeeffectiveifadopted.B.Matee’sideahasbeenwidelyaccepted.C.Colorfulbricksareinhugedemand.D.Plasticwastehasn’tattractedenoughattention.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNzambiMatee?A.Generousandambitious.B.Confidentandgrateful.C.Creativeandresolved.D.Optimisticandmodest.7.WhatisNzambiMatee’sultimatepurposeinusingamixofplasticproducts?A.Tobuildcheaperhouses.B.Tosupportthegovernment.C.Tocreatejobopportunities.D.Totackleplasticpollution.8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Kenya:PioneerinBanningPlasticSingle-usePlasticsB.NzambiMatee:InnovatorinSolvingPlasticWasteC.MixofPlasticProducts:ANewConstructionMaterialD.PlasticRecycling:ACreativeSolutiontoPollutionⅡ.七選五It’salwaysexcitingtobeginanewjob.Butamongthefrenzy(激動(dòng))ofmeetingnewcolleagues,startingnewprojects,andbuildingnewskills,therecanbeastressfulpressuretosucceed.Abigpartofyoursuccessisdeterminedbyhowquicklyyouareabletodigestlotsofinformation,whichcanbeveryhard.1

*ManageyourselfWhenyounoticeinformationoverload,don’tignoreitanddon’tpanic.Saytoyourself,“I’minanewjobandthereisplentytolearnhere.It’sokaytofeelthisway.”2Rememberthatemotionscanhelpyoubetterunderstandyourselfandyourvalues.

*Sortyourinformation3Itkeepswhatitneedsmoreimmediatelyinourshort-termmemory,anditmixestogetherinformationwemayneedtouseinthefuturetostoreinourlong-termmemory.Fortheinformationthat’snotneeded,ourbrainactslikeagarbagemanagement,recycling,anddeletingit.

*4

Organizationsoftenhavedigitalknowledgemanagementsystemstostoreandtakeimportantinformation.Youcandothesametoreducebrainburden.IrecommendcreatingaWorddocumentinwhichyouwritedowninformationthatyourbraindoesn’tneedtorememberorstore.*Reducetask-switchingMultitaskingisn’tgoodforyouphysicallyormentallyandisworseforyourproductivityandcognition(認(rèn)知).5Youcangoforlongerthanthat,butbesuretotakeabreak.Focusedactivityislesstaxingthanmultitasking,butyoucan’tkeepworkingendlessly.

A.RespondpositivelyB.UsetechnologytohelpC.Thatproblemismucheasiertounderstandandsolve.D.Herearesomemethodstodealwiththeinformationoverload.E.Forgreaterresults,focusononetaskforaround25minutes.F.Ourbrainislikeacleverpieceofequipmentthat“takesininformation”.G.Thisself-talkhelpsnormalizethesituationandmakestheemotionseasiertohandle.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Toexhibitone’sworkattheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonD.C.wouldbeahighpointinanyartist’scareer;toreceivesuchanhonorattheageoffourteenis1.(true)remarkable.YetthatwastheageoftheChinesepainterWangYaniwhenherpaintings2.(give)theirfirstAmericanshowingtherein1989.Hundredsofthousandsofvisitorscameandwerefascinatedbyherpicturesofanimals,birds,andlandscapes.

Iffourteenseemsayoungage3.(receive)somuchattention,considerthis:Yani’sfirst4.(exhibit),inhernativeChina,washeldwhenshewasfour!Shehasbeenworkinghardatherartsincetheageoftwo;thatwas5.WangShiqiangfirstbecameawareofhisdaughter’sinterestinpainting.Himself6.well-knownartist,heencouragedYanibyprovidingherwithlargesheetsofpaper,ink,andbrushes.ThesearethetraditionalmaterialsofChinesepainting.Henevergaveheralesson7.discouragedherteachersatschoolfromdoingso.Hebelievedsuchinstructionwouldonlylimitherimaginationandpreventherfromexpressingherfeelingsfreely.Beforelong,hisbelief8.hisdaughter’stalentwasjustified.

Asshegrewolder,herstyleevolvedandsubjectschanged.Bythetimeshewassixteen,Yani9.(paint)morethantenthousandpictures.Today,asanadult,sheisstillpainting,10.(express)newideasinnatureandinthechangingworldaroundherwiththebrushandtheink.

Ⅳ.應(yīng)用文寫作假定你是李華,你的外國(guó)筆友Tom對(duì)你班開展的課外活動(dòng)(extracurricularactivities)非常感興趣,希望你介紹這方面的有關(guān)情況。請(qǐng)你給他回封郵件,內(nèi)容包括:1.課外活動(dòng)介紹;2.你最喜歡的活動(dòng);3.喜歡的原因。注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2.請(qǐng)?jiān)谙鄳?yīng)位置作答。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Ⅰ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了著名的演說(shuō)家布萊恩·特雷西的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知,在Tracy成名之前,他是這個(gè)家庭的麻煩制造者。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Heisfluentinmorethanfourlanguagesandhasonemainmessageforeveryoneoutthere,‘Ibelievethroughlearningandtheapplicationofwhatyouhavelearned,youcansolveanyproblem,overcomeanybarrierandachieveanygoalthatyousetforyourself.’”可知,在Tracy看來(lái),通過學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)用所學(xué)知識(shí),可以解決任何問題,克服任何障礙并實(shí)現(xiàn)為自己設(shè)定的任何目標(biāo)。3.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句前半部分“Tracy’sparents’marriageendedwhenhewassevenyearsold”及“hadtolivewiththetwodifferenthouseholds”“Withhisfathermostlyabsent,Tracyandhissiblingswerelargelyraisedbyhismother.”可知,因?yàn)門racy的父母離異,父親大部分時(shí)間不在家,致使Tracy多數(shù)時(shí)間是由媽媽撫養(yǎng),因而他和他的兄弟姐妹就住在母親的家庭中。所以畫線詞此處指“兄弟或姐妹”。4.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Hisearlychildhoodexperienceshelpedshapehisbeliefsandvalues,andheappliedthemtohislaterlifeandcareer.”可知,對(duì)Tracy的成長(zhǎng)而言,他的早期童年經(jīng)歷幫助塑造了他的信仰和價(jià)值觀,并將它們應(yīng)用到他后來(lái)的生活和職業(yè)生涯中?！菊Z(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了材料工程師NzambiMatee通過自己的努力,創(chuàng)造性地解決塑料垃圾污染的問題。5.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線句子前的However可知,該句話的意思與畫線句子前的內(nèi)容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,根據(jù)畫線句子前的“Unfortunately,thepreventivemeasureshavebarelyreceivedattention.Hundredsoftonsofindustrialandconsumerpolymerwastecontinuetogetdumpedintolandfillsdaily.”可知,政府的一些治理塑料污染的預(yù)防措施幾乎沒有取得實(shí)質(zhì)的效果,大量的垃圾仍然被倒進(jìn)垃圾填埋場(chǎng),由此可知,畫線句子的意思與此相反,應(yīng)為“如果Matee的方法被采用可能會(huì)有效”。6.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butthedeterminedeco-entrepreneurwasconfidentinherideaanddidnotgiveup.”可知Matee對(duì)自己的想法絕不會(huì)放棄,說(shuō)明她很有決心;根據(jù)第三段中的“Thebestwaytodothiswasbychannelingthewasteintotheconstructionspaceandfindingthemostefficientandaffordablematerialtobuildhomes.”可知,她認(rèn)為最好的方法是將廢物引入建筑空間,這種想法很有創(chuàng)造性。由以上內(nèi)容可知,Matee是一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造性且有決心的人。7.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Shesays,‘Iwantedtousemyeducationtohandleplasticwastepollution...Thepaversaremadeusingamixofplasticproductsthatcannotbereprocessedorrecycled.”可知,將塑料產(chǎn)品的混合物做成鋪路磚最終目的是解決塑料污染問題。8.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thematerialsengineer’sseekingtofindapracticalsolutiontocontrolplasticpollutionbeganin2017.”可知,材料工程師NzambiMatee尋求實(shí)用的方法來(lái)解決塑料垃圾污染問題,以及第三段中的“Shesays,‘Iwantedtouse...affordablematerialtobuildhomes.’”可知,她認(rèn)為解決問題的方法必須是實(shí)用、持續(xù)以及可負(fù)擔(dān)的,她提出了將塑料垃圾轉(zhuǎn)換到建筑空間之中的想法,并結(jié)合全文可知,標(biāo)題“NzambiMatee:解決塑料垃圾污染問題的創(chuàng)新者”符合文章主題。Ⅱ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,作者針對(duì)新工作帶來(lái)的過多信息,給出了四點(diǎn)建議。1.D設(shè)空處上文介紹了新工作所帶來(lái)的壓力和挑戰(zhàn)——消化過多的信息;下文作者就如何處理大量信息提出四點(diǎn)建議;D項(xiàng)“Herearesomemethodstodealwiththeinformationoverload.”承上啟下,符合語(yǔ)境,選項(xiàng)中的“theinformationoverload”指代上文的“l(fā)otsofinformation”,“somemethods”指下文所給出的具體的解決方法。2.G由小標(biāo)題“Manageyourself”可知本段的建議是管理好自己;上文“Whenyounoticeinformationoverload...It’sokaytofeelthisway.”介紹了面對(duì)大量信息時(shí),如何調(diào)整自己的心態(tài)和情緒;G項(xiàng)“Thisself-talkhelpsnormalizethesituationandmakestheemotionseasiertohandle.”承接上文,說(shuō)明自我對(duì)話所起到的作用。選項(xiàng)中的“Thisself-talk”指代上文“Saytoyourself,‘I’minanewjobandthereisplentytolearnhere.It’sokaytofeelthisway.’”;下文“Rememberthatemotionscanhelpyoubetterunderstandyourselfandyourvalues.”闡述了管理好情緒的重要性;由此可知,G項(xiàng)符合本段主旨和語(yǔ)境。3.F由下文“Itkeepswhatitneedsmoreimmediately...storeinourlong-termmemory.”可知句中“It”指代設(shè)空處所提到的某種存儲(chǔ)信息的東西;結(jié)合本段最后一句“Fortheinformationthat’snotneeded,ourbrainactslikeagarbagemanagement,recycling,anddeletingit.”可知設(shè)空處提到是大腦。F項(xiàng)“Ourbrainislikeacleverpieceofequipmentthat‘takesininformation’.”符合語(yǔ)境,選項(xiàng)中的“takesin”與下文中的“keeps”和“store”表達(dá)的意義一致。4.B分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處為此段的小標(biāo)題;由下文內(nèi)容可知作者在本段建議運(yùn)用Word文檔來(lái)幫大腦減負(fù);B項(xiàng)“Usetechnologytohelp”能夠概括本段主旨,適合作為小標(biāo)題。5.E上文“Multitaskingisn’tgoodforyouphysicallyormentallyandisworseforyourproductivityandcognition.”闡述了同時(shí)處理多項(xiàng)任務(wù)的弊端;E項(xiàng)“Forgreaterresults,focusononetaskforaround25minutes.”針對(duì)上文所闡述的同時(shí)處理多任務(wù)的弊端提出了解決方法:專注于一項(xiàng)任務(wù);下文承接E項(xiàng),就專注于一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的時(shí)間進(jìn)一步闡述,指出專注于一項(xiàng)工作時(shí),時(shí)間不能太長(zhǎng),要注意休息。故選E項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)著名畫家王亞妮的個(gè)人成就以及學(xué)習(xí)繪畫的歷程。1.truly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:在華盛頓特區(qū)的史密森學(xué)會(huì)展出自己的作品將是任何藝術(shù)家職業(yè)生涯的高點(diǎn);十四歲就獲得這樣的榮譽(yù),真是了不起。修飾形容詞用副詞形式。故填tr