高中英語攻克閱讀理解之主旨題專項講解及練習

PAGE1PAGE攻克閱讀理解之主旨題專項講解及練習一：分布說明文、議論文、記敘文（BCD）均有考查。二：類型考查段落大意或者文章大意居多。三：解決說明文：觀察開頭、結(jié)尾以及段首句，尋找多次出現(xiàn)的詞或句。議論文：開頭部分要去選擇包含論點的部分+結(jié)尾總結(jié)部分，少數(shù)情況可以再去參考分論點。記?。翰豢蓪⒎终擖c作為文章主要內(nèi)容，避免以偏概全。記敘文：多跟文章結(jié)尾有很大關系，也可參考段落首句?！究蛇\用假設法，假如文章標題為這個，文章內(nèi)容應該是什么？與現(xiàn)有文章進行對比也可得出最后結(jié)論】四：練習1.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.IdentifyNewsStories B.Bedigitalsmart

C.ResearchintotheInternet D.BeasmartadvertiserPicturethis:You’researchingtheInternetandcomeacrossawebsitewithinterestingarticles.Somearenewsstories.Theirgoalistoshareinformation.Othersonlylooklikenewsstories.They’reactuallyadvertisements,orads.Thegoalofanadistogetyoutobuysomething.Howdoyou,thereader,tellthedifferencebetweenanewsstoryandanad?…Asareader,youhavearighttoknowwho’sbehindtheinformationyou’reconsuming.Solookforthephrasesponsoredcontent.(Andlookcarefully.Sometimes,itwillbewrittenintinyletters.)TheInternetisavastseaofinformation.Touseitwell,wenotonlyhavetoknowhowtoswimbutalsohowtoavoidthesharks.2.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Googlewassuccessfulintrainingdoctors.B.Googledevelopedartificialintelligencetohelpdoctors.C.Artificialintelligencecanstudypatientdata.D.Artificialintelligencewillreplacedoctorsinthefuture.Googlepreviouslyannouncedsuccessfultestsofmachinelearningsystemsdesignedtoassistdoctors.Inonecase,GooglereportedAIhadexaminedeyediseaseswithequalaccuracytodoctors.Othertestsshowedthatmachinelearningcanbeusedtostudylargeamountsofpatientdatatopredictfuturemedicalevents3.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Fishpossessnolevelofintelligence. B.Humansarenotuniqueinintelligence.C.AIswillbeabletounderstandourthoughts. D.Self-awarenessisabigmysteryofthemind.Weliketothinkthatthehumanmindisspecial.Onesignofoursuperiorityisself-awareness,whichisgenerallyseenasthepeakofconsciousness.Onlyaselectgroupofspecieshaspassedthetestofbeingabletorecognisethemselvesinamirror.Most,includingelephants,apesanddolphins,aresmart.Butnowalittlefish,thecleanerwrassehasbecomethefirstfishevertopassthemirrortestaclassicexperimentusedtojudgeself-awarenessinanimals.Whatarewetomakeofthis?…Researchershavecreatedasetofteststolookfortheoryofmindinartificialintelligenceandsomesystemsareonthepointofpassing.NoAIshavepassedthetestsyet,butonegotextremelyclose.Weprobablydon’tneedtoworryaboutrobotsthatcanrecognisethemselvesinmirrors.Butwemightwanttobemoreopentotheideathathumanintelligenceisn’tquiteasspecialasweliketothink.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Agamecontrolledwithmind B.AmachineleadingtothefutureC.Neurable:kingoftomorrow D.Neurology:acutting-edgezoneSANFRANCISCOWhenyoupulltheheadsetoveryoureyesandthegamebegins,youaretransportedtoatinyroomwithwhitewalls.Yourtaskistobreakoutoftheroom,butyoucannotuseyourhands.Thereisnojoystickorgamepad.Youmustuseyourthoughts.…AtNeurable,whichisbasedinBoston,AlcaideandthememberofhisteamarepushingthelimitsofEEGheadsets.Althoughsensorscanreadelectricalbrainactivityfromoutsidetheskull,itisverydifficulttoseparatethesignalfromthenoise.Usingcomputeralgorithms(算法)basedonresearchthatAlcaideoriginallypublishedasadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofMichigan,Neurableworkstoreadactivitywithaspeedandaccuracythatisnotusuallypossible.Thealgorithmslearnfromyourbehavior.Beforeplayingthegame,youtrainthemtorecognizewhenyouarefocusingyourattentiononanobject.Apulseoflightbouncesaroundthevirtualroom,andeachtimeithitsasmallcoloredballinfrontofyou,youthinkabouttheball.Atthatmoment,whenyoufocusonthelightanditstimulatesyourbrain,thesystemreadstheelectricalspikesofyourbrainactivity.“Onceweunderstandthem,wecanusethem.”Alcaideexpects.5.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout

A.thebattleoverthewidespreaduseofneonicotinoidsB.thedebateabouttheharmbyneonicotinoidstobeesC.factorsofinfluenceonthepresentsituationofbeesD.doubtsaboutcurrentpoliticalorregulatorysystemsButindustrygroupsandsomescientistssaytheevidencestillisn’tconclusive.Thepictureiscomplicated:somestudiesshowharmtosomebeesinsomecircumstances,whileothersfindnoharm.Theresultsseemtobeaffectedbymanyfactors,includingthespeciesofbeeandthekindsofcropsinvolved.Scientistsworkingonthequestionsayanynewstudyisinstantlypickedatbyadvocatesonbothsides.Eventheresultsofthelargeststudyonthematter,fundedbytheagrochemicalindustry,failedtoproduceaconsensus.It’slikelythatpoliticalorregulatorydecisionswillsettlethematterbeforeopposingpartiesagree.6.Whichcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheriseofDinosaurs B.SeekingnewevidenceofCPEC.FootprintsintheMud D.TrackingdownthetruthItisbelievedthataperiodofmassextinction,whichhappenedbetween234and232millionyearsagoduringtheTriassicperiod,enabledtheboomingofdinosaurs.ThisextinctionisthoughttohavebeencausedbyaperiodofunstableclimatecalledtheCarnianPluvialEpisode(CPE),inwhichtheclimatewentfromdry,towet,todryagainfourtimesoverthecourseof2myears.…TheresultwasthatDrBernardiandhiscolleagueswereabletoestablishaccuratedatesforthevariousichno-associationstheyhadcatalogued,confirmingthatthoseassociationspreciselyrunthroughtheCarnianPluvialEpisode,thusmatchingtheboneevidenceinSouthAmerica.ThatisclearevidencethedinosaurswereindeedthebeneficiariesoftheCPE,thoughwhytheydidbetterthanothergroupsisnotyetunderstood.7.Thepassageismainlyabout______.

A.anappealagainstgeneticediting

B.anewfrontierinfertilitytreatment

C.acontroversialpolicyunderdiscussion

D.ananxiouscoupleseekingfertilitytreatmentWhenNoahShulmanwasbornafewdaysafterChristmas2016,hisparentsKristelleandEvanhadnoreasontoworryabouthim.Everythingwentsmoothly.Butwithinafewdaysoftakinghisfirstbreath,Noahbegantostruggle.Afterapainfulmonthofmedicalemergencies,theShulmanslearnedthattheirsonhadararegeneticdiseasethataffectedhismitochondria(線粒體).Unfortunately,therearenotreatmentsformitochondrialdisorders,asit’snotyetpossibletorepairoraltertheaffectedmitochondrialgenesusinggenetherapy(療法).…KristelleandEvanwillstillhavetowaitbuttheybelievethattimewillhavebeenwellspentifitleadstonewwaysforpeopletohavefamilies.“Evenifitdoesn’tworkoutforusnow,wehopeonedayitwillforeveryoneaffectedbymitochondrialdiseases,”saysKristelle.8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Saynotosocialmedia? B.Newsecurityrulesinoperation?C.Acceptwithoutreading? D.Administrationmatters!Enough“meaninglessdrivel”.That’sthemessagefromagroupofmembersoftheUKgovernmentwhohavebeenexamininghowsocialmediafirmslikeLinkedIngatherandusesocialmediadata.…Theshockandangerwhenasocialmediafirmdoessomethingwithdatathatpeopledon’texpect,evenifusershaveapparentlypermission,showthatthecurrentsituationisn’tworking.Ifproperlyadministered,akitemarkontermsandconditionscouldhelppeopleknowwhatexactlytheyaresigningupto.Althoughtheywouldstillhavetoactuallyreadthem.9.Thebesttitleofthepassagewillmostprobablybe______A.TrainYourBody B.ThinkHardandWorkHardC.MakeInformedDecisions D.TrainYourMind.Everyoneknowsyoumustexerciseregularlytokeepgoodhealth.Indeed,stayingphysicallyfitisabigpartofourculture.Weconsider(orrightlyso)thathealthypeopleareattractivepeople.Sincemostofuswanttobeattractive,thereisnoshortageofexerciseclubs,trainingvideos,magazinesandbooksofferingtohelpusstayphysicallyfit.Unfortunately,however,ourculturedoesn’tplacethesameemphasis(重視)onmentalfitness.Althoughwetendtolikemenandwomenwithstrong,healthy-lookingbodies,wedon’thavethesamedegreeofrespectorattractionforsmart,educated,mentallyhealthypeople.Thisisapity,becausetherearegreatrewardsforpeoplewhohavedevelopedtheabilitytothinkwell.…Thekeytodevelopingsuchskillsistoenjoylearning,andtohavetheabilityandmotivationtoteachyourself.10.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.ThePromotionSatisfaction B.ThePromotionCurseC.ThePromotionStrategies D.ThePromotionProspectIsyourpromotionreallynecessary?Manyworkersfocustheirhopesonclimbingthescaleoftheirorganizations.Theprospectofhigherpayhelpsexplaintheirambition,butsodoesthegreaterstatusthatcomeswitheachsuccessive(連續(xù)的)title.…Sothatshinypromotionmaynotbeforeveryone.Bewarethecurseofoverworkanddissatisfaction.Somepeopleliketodevotetheirwholelivestotheirjobandbeatthecentreofevents.Itisbesttoletthemgetonwithit.11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Shouldweencouragemorecyclinginthecity?B.Shouldcyclistsregisterandlicensetheirbikes?C.Whatdoes“sharingtheroad”meantocyclists?D.Howcanroadsafetybeguaranteedforcyclists?Wearefortunatetoliveinacitythatencouragesbicyclingasameansoftransportation.Ourlocalgovernmenthaspromotedbicyclingbyimprovingbikelanesandincreasingthenumberofthem.Thegrowingnumberofcyclists,however,bringsthisquestiontomind:shouldbicyclistsberequiredtosharetheresponsibilitiesoftheroad?Automobiledrivershavetotakecompetencytests,followestablishedregulations,andacceptpunishmentforbreakingrules.Thecityrequestsdriverstoregisterandlicensetheirvehiclestoensureaccountability(責任).Bicyclistswhousepublicroadwaysshouldbeheldaccountable,too.…ManyU.S.citiesandtownsnowimplementbikeregistrationandlicensing.Astatute(法規(guī))fromone.Californiatownstatsthatthelawsregulatingbicycleshaveadualpurpose,antitheftandsafety.I’meagertoseemorebicyclistsontheroad,andI’mhopingforriderswhotaketheirresponsibilitiesseriously.12.Theauthorofthispassageaimsto______.A.advocatefollowingnewfashions B.opposedrinkingwithclosefriendsC.encourageindependentthinking D.adviseseekinghelpfromexpertsTruthissubjective.IfthereisonewordofadviceIwouldleavetomychildrenitwouldbe,you’rebetteroffbeingDIFFERENT.Ifthemajorityofpeoplearedoingsomethingandyouchoosetobeapartofitthenyou’reprobablyonafasttracktoself-destruction.…Findyourhappiness.Notthetemporarysatisfactionfromsubstancelessmaterialthings.TakeabreakfromconsultingyourmanyFacebookpsychologists.Thinkonyourownforachange.Evaluateyourcurrentstatusandplanforwhereyouwanttobe.13.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.TheBooksofSummer B.MySummerHolidaysC.ToReadorNottoRead D.It’sNeverTooLatetoReadIstarteverysummerwiththebestofintentions:toattackonebigbookfromthepast,aclassicthatIwassupposedtohavereadwhenyoungandambitious.Oftenthepairingsofbooksandsettingshavebeenpurelyaccidental:MobyDickonathree-daycross-countrytraintrip:TheMagicMountaininaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors,notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms,andlittletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.AttemptingTheManWithoutQualitiesonareturntoHawaii,mynativestate,however,waslessfruitful:Imadeitthroughoneandaquartervolumes(冊),thendecidedthatI'dgotthepointandwentswimminginstead.ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss….Andthenthere’sStendhal’sTheRedandtheBlack,whichhappenstobethenameofmyfavoritecocktail(雞尾酒)ofthesummer,createdbyMichaelCecconiatSavoyandBackForty.Itiseasytodrink,andknockingbackthreeorfourseemslikesuchadelightfulidea.Cecconi’stheory:“Itakewhatever’sfreshatthegreenmarketandturnitintoliquid.”Theresultisapureshotofafternooninthepark,makingonefeelcheerfulandpeacefulallatonce,lyingonuncutgrasswitheyesshut,sunbeatingthroughthelids...…14.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?______A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy,Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar….Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly….Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground….AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungEntrepreneur….Meanwhile,withherparents’help.Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.15.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportantfordyslexicpeople______.A.todevelopreadingskills B.nottogiveupsoeasilyC.tolearntospellcorrectly D.nottogetoutofschoolIntheseventhgradeIrealizedIwasdyslexic,whichmadeitdifficultformetoreadandspell.Ididreallybadlyinmyhistorycourse,somymothersaidtome,“I’llworkwithyouforafullweek.I’mgoingtoshowyouwhatyoucandoifyouputintherightamountofeffort.”Sowedid.Weworkedonhistoryforafullweek,anextrahoureveryday.ThenIwenttoschoolandfailedthetest,asalways.Itwasreallyupsetting.…TherealfearthatIhavefordyslexicpeopleisnotthattheyhavetostrugglewiththeirreadingskillsorthattheycan’tspellcorrectly,butthattheywillquitonthemselvesbeforetheygetoutofschool.16.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.…Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.17.Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe______.A.LoveYou,LoveYourMess B.Loveisblind,LoveismessyC.TheWeddingPhotos D.ALovingOldCouple.Everythingwasputneatlyintomysuitcase.I’maflightattendant.I’msoorganized,myhalfoftheclosetcouldbeadisplayatTheContainerStore.Myhusband’shalfofthecloset?Justthinkingaboutitmademyheadache.Icarriedmysuitcasedownstairs.Billwasinthekitchencooking.Lookingatthemessykitchen.Ishouted，“Whydoyouhavetobesomessy?”Billlookedhurt,“What?”Isighedandleftfortheairport.Onmylastflight,anelderlycouplehadtheseatsinmysection.…Hiswordscircledinmyheadlongafterwelanded.…ItookoutmycellphoneandcalledBill.“Imissyoualready.”Isaid.“Imissyoutoo,Kim,”hesaid.Assoonasmyflightswereover,Irushedhome.Billmetmeatthedoor.“Ihaveasurpriseforyou.”hesaidandledmeintothekitchen.Iglancedaroundtheroom.Hereallyhadworkedhard.Inspiteofthefingerprintsonthatmicrowavefloor,Icouldseeourreflectioninit:myhusbandandI,oursmilesglowingwithloveforeachother,justlikeinourweddingphotos.18.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？A.Jessica’smemoriesofGisele． B.Gisele’sinfluenceonJessica．C.ThephotographstakenbyGisele． D.TheachievementsmadebyJessica．Somephotographershavethegoodfortunetofindamentorintheiryoungyearswhobothinspiresandencouragesthem．JessicaBackhausfoundoneinGiseleFreund,thegreatFrenchphotographerrememberedforherportraits(肖像）ofartists,especiallywriters．Giselewasawonderful,sensitiveportraitistwhosepicturesofVirginiaWoolf，AndreGide,JamesJoyce,GeorgeBernardShaw,JeanCocteau,andalonglistofwell-knownartistsareunforgettable．Jessica,ayoungphotographerfromGermany,wasstudyingphotographyinPariswhenshemetthefamousGiseleFreund,onNovember5,1992．…Oneday，beforeJessicamovedtoNewYork，Giselesuggestedthatshewriteabouttheirfriendship．…TheexcellentphotographsfromherbookcanbeseeninasplendidexhibitionatLaurenceMillerGallery，alongwithaseriesofpicturesfromthreeofherotherbooks：JesusandtheCherries,portraitstakeninaPolishvillagewheretimestoodstill;WhatStillRemains,picturesofobjectsleftbehind;andanewbookoflightreflectionsonwater,IWantedtoSeetheWorld.AllareguidedbyGisele’sadviceandallarequitewonderful．19.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NORMAL. B.HEALTHY. C.HOPEFUL. D.PERFECT.Theeyelinermakesthedarkcircleslesspronounced.Thelipglosshidesthetrembling.Theponytail(馬尾辮)masksmissingpatchesofhair.Imightlookatbitthinner,buteveryonewillaskaboutmynewdiet.OnehourofpreparationandIlooklikemyself.Onehouroutof24.SometimesIwonderifit’sworthitwastingatwenty-fourthofmydayonalie.…Keysinhand,Iopenthedoorandblinkintheearlymorningsun.Perfect.20.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MiracleoftheCoastguard. B.SurvivingaHurricane.C.DangersintheWild. D.ComingBackfromtheDead.WhenthedognamedJudyspottedthefirstsheepinherlife,shedidwhatcomesnaturally.Thefour-year-olddogsetoffracingafterthesheepacrossseveralfieldsand,beingacityanimal,lostbothhersheepandhersenseofdirection.Thensheranalongtheedgeofacliff(懸崖)andfell100feet,bouncingoffarockintothesea.…Thedoghadinitiallybeenknockedunconscious(失去知覺的)buthadsurvivedbydrinkingwaterfromafreshstreamatthebaseofthecliff.Shemayhavefedonthebodyofasheepwhichhadalsofallenovertheedge.“Thedogwasverythinandhungry,”SteveTregearsaid.“Itwasaveryluckydog.Shesurvivedbecauseofaplentifulsupplyoffreshwater,”headded.Itwas,asMr.Holdenadmitted,“aminormiracle(奇跡)”.21.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A.Theimportanceofagoodwife. B.Theinfluenceofamoralexample.C.TheachievementsofFredandhiswife. D.ThemakingofFredRogers.FredRogerswasacuriousman,sixfeettallandwithoutpretense(虛偽).Helikedtopray,toplaythepiano,toswim,andtowrite,andhesomehowlivedinadifferentworldthanIdid.Webecamefriendsforsome20years,andImadelifelongfriendswithhiswife,Joanne.IrememberthinkingthatitseemedasifFredhadaccesstoanotherrealm(領域)likethewaypigeonshavesomespecialmagneticcompassthathelpsthemfindhome.…Fredwantedtobelikehisgrandfather.“Hetaughtmeallkindsofreallyneatstuff!”hetoldme.“Irememberonedaymygrandmotherandmymotherweretellingmetogetdown,ornottoclimb,andmygrandfathersaid:‘Letthekidclimbonthewall!He’sgottolearntodothingsforhimself!’Iheardthat.Iwillneverforgetthat.Whatasupportthatwas.Hehadalotofstonewallsonhisplace.”“IthinkitwaswhenIwasleavingonetimetogohomeafterourtimetogether,”Fredtoldme,“thatmygrandfathersaidtome:‘Youknow,youmadethisdayareallyspecialday.Justbybeingyourself.There’sonlyonepersonintheworldlikeyou.AndIhappentolikeyoujustthewayyouare.”22.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphtalkabout?A.Astrongdesiretobeinvitedtoeatoutliketherich.B.Amixedfeelingofguiltandpleasureabouteatingout.C.Amixedfeelingofguiltandpleasuregoingintoprivateproperty.D.Aspecialtreattobeabletogointoprivatepropertyforfun.ThenIstoppedcookingaltogether.“She’sjoinedtheleisureclass,”myfriendssaid.Idisarmed(消解怒氣)mycriticsbyinvitingthemalong;nobodyIknewcouldaffordtoeatoutandnobodyrefused.Wewentwithequalamountsofguiltandpleasure,withafeelingthatweweretrespassing(入侵)ontheplaygroundsoftherich.23.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.AfigurewhoworkeduptoherfameB.AgirlwhoaskedquestionsC.AwomanwhowasignoredbymaleworkmatesD.AscientistwhowascrazyaboutmathsAssheranhereyesovertheflight-testcalculationsheetstheengineerhadgivenher,KatherineGoblecouldseetherewassomethingwrongwiththem.Theengineerhadmadeanerrorwithasquareroot(平方根).Anditwasgoingtobetrickytotellhimso.Itwasherfirstdayonthisassignment,whenshea