2022年考博英語-鄭州大學(xué)考試內(nèi)容及全真模擬沖刺卷附帶答案與詳解第70期

2022年考博英語-鄭州大學(xué)考試內(nèi)容及全真模擬沖刺卷（附帶答案與詳解）1.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.answerfor

B.stepinto

C.abideby

D.runinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。answerfor“對……負(fù)責(zé)”；stepinto“進(jìn)入”;abideby“遵守”；runinto“遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他沒有履行合同的一些條款”，因此他需要對此負(fù)責(zé)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Thegapbetweenthoseatthelowestlevelandthoseatthehighestlevelofincomehadincreased（）,andiscontinuingtoincrease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sufficiently

B.substantially

C.succinctly

D.successfully

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。sufficiently“充分地”;substantially“實(shí)質(zhì)上；大體上”；succinctly“簡潔地”；successfully“成功地”。該句主要是講貧富差距，不能用褒義的副詞，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我們要樹立必勝信念、繼續(xù)埋頭苦干，貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的發(fā)展理念，著力推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，著力推進(jìn)改革開放，著力促進(jìn)社會公平正義，著力營造政治上的綠水青山，為全面建成小康社會決勝階段開好局、起好步。

【答案】Weshouldremainfirminourconvictiontosucceed,continuetoworkhardandimplementthevisionofachievinginnovative,coordinated,green,openandshareddevelopment.Wewillendeavortocarryoutstructuralreform,acceleratereformandopening-up,promotesocialequityandjustice,andcreateasoundpoliticalenvironment.Doingsowillenableustogetofftoagoodstartinoureffortstofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsinthisdecisivestage.

4.單選題

Theprofessorgave（）instructiontothewholeclasssoastomakeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.authoritative

B.afflictive

C.explicit

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。authoritative“有權(quán)威的”；afflictive“難受的，苦惱的”；explicit“明確的”;obvious“明顯的”。根據(jù)后面makeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab“讓每個(gè)學(xué)生知道如何在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)”可知教授給出了“詳細(xì)的說明”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.翻譯題

青年興則國家興，青年強(qiáng)則國家強(qiáng)。青年一代有理想、有本領(lǐng)、有擔(dān)當(dāng)，國家就有前途，民族就有希望。中國夢是歷史的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的，也是未來的；是我們這一代的，更是青年一代的。中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢，終將在一代代青年的接力奮斗中變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。

【答案】Anationwillprosperonlywhenitsyoungpeoplethrive.Iftheyounggenerationhasideals,abilitiesandresponsibilities,thecountrywillhaveafutureandthenationwillhavehope.TheChinesedreamishistorical,realisticandfuture;itbelongstoourgeneration,especiallytheyounggeneration.TheChinesedreamofthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationwilleventuallybecomearealityintherelaystruggleofgenerationsofyoungpeople.

6.單選題

Vegetablesareagarden’s（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.produce

B.product

C.production

D.products

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。produce，product，production都有“生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品”的意思，produce多指蔬菜水果等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品；product一般指工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，也可泛指各種各樣的產(chǎn)品；production含義廣泛，它主要指生產(chǎn)這一動作或過程，尤指人類智力或藝術(shù)勞動的產(chǎn)品。句意：蔬菜是菜園的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。本句表示蔬菜是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)指出的是，國際金融危機(jī)沒有改變中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基本面和長期向好的趨勢?；仡櫲ツ?，我們堅(jiān)定信心、迎難而上，保持了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展?；I劃今年，我們有能力處理復(fù)雜局面，繼續(xù)保持中國經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。展望未來，我們有條件實(shí)現(xiàn)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)長期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。

【答案】Itshouldbestressedthat,despitetheinternationalfinancialcrisis,thefundamentalsandlong-termpositivetrendofChina’seconomicdevelopmentremainsunchanged.Lastyear,weactedwithresolveandconfrontedchallengeshead-on,andsucceededinensuringsteadyandfasteconomicgrowth.Aswedrawplansforthisyear,weareconfidentthatwecanstayontopofthecomplicatedsituationandmaintainthesteadyandfastgrowthoftheChineseeconomy.Lookingahead,wearewellpositionedtoachievelongterm,fastandsteadyeconomicgrowth.

8.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhatcouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemma

B.paradox

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難”；paradox“悖論”；junction“連接”；premise“前提，假定”。根據(jù)betweendoingwhattheyfelt…andwhatcouldstand…可知家長是在這兩種做法為難，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

WhendoingbusinesswithanArab,youhavetoendurehoursofsmalltalk,waitingforthetopicofcommercetobebroached.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.broken

B.raised

C.solved

D.concluded

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)broken“折斷；打碎；損壞”；B選項(xiàng)raised“提高，舉起；使（面包）發(fā)酵；撫育，撫養(yǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)solved“解決；解答”；D選項(xiàng)concluded“結(jié)束；推斷；作結(jié)論”。句意：當(dāng)你和一個(gè)阿拉伯人做生意時(shí)，你不得不忍受幾個(gè)小時(shí)的閑聊，等待商業(yè)的話題被提起。本句關(guān)鍵詞bebroached表示“被提出”，beraised可以做同義替換，表示被提出。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Whilemanytechnologicaladvancesoccurinanevolutionarymanner,occasionallyarevolutionarytechnologicalappearsonthehorizonthatcreatesstartlingnewconditionsandprofoundchanges.SuchisthecasewiththeprivatelydevelopedMollerSkycarwhichisnamedafteritsinventor.Theruggedized（加固的）MollerSkycarvariantthemilitaryisevaluatingiscalledthelightaerialmultipurposevehicle,orLAMV.

TheLAMVisaverticaltake-offandlandingaircraftthatcanflyinquick,quiet,andagilemanner.Itisanewtypeofvehiclethatcombinesthespeedofanairplaneandtheverticaltake-offcapabilityofahelicopterwithsomecharacteristicsofagroundvehicle,butwithoutthelimitationsofanyofthoseexistingmodesoftransportation.TheLAMVisnotoperatedliketraditionalfixed——orrotary-wing----aircraft.Ithasonlytwohands,whichtheoperatorusestodirecttheredundantcomputercontrolsystemtocarryoutdesiredflightmaneuvers.Theleft-handcontroltwiststoselectthedesiredoperatingaltitudeandmovesforeandafttoselecttherateofclimb.Theright-handcontroltwiststoselectthevehicle’sdirectionandmovesside-to-sidetoprovidetransverse（橫向的）movementduringthehoverandearly-transition-to-flightphasesofoperation;italsomovesforeandafttocontrolspeedandbraking.Simplyput,theLAMVisuserfriendly.

TheLAMVdesignincorporatesanumberofsafetyfeatures.Forstarters,theLAMVhasmultipleengines.Unlikeanylighthelicopterorairplane,theLAMVhasmultipleenginenacelles（機(jī)艙），eachwithtwocomputer-controlledRotapowerengines.Theseenginesoperateindependentlyandallowforaverticalcontrolledlandingshouldeitherfail.

TheLAMVisaerodynamicallystable.Intheunlikelyeventthatsufficientpowerisnotavailabletolandvertically,theLAMV’sstabilityandgoodglideslopeallowtheoperatortomaneuvertoasafeareabeforeusingtheair-frameparachutes（降落傘）.SincecomputerscontroltheLAMV'sflightduringhoverandtransition,theonlyoperatorinputistocontrolspeedanddirection.Undesirablemovementscausedbywindgustsarepreventedautomatically.

TheLAMV'spotentialmilitaryuseswillbenumerous.Theyincludeaerialmedicalevacuation,aerialreconnaissance（偵查），commandandcontrol,searchandrescue,insertionofspecialoperationsforces,airassaultoperations,airborneoperations,forcible-entryoperations,militarypolicemobilityandmaneuversupport,communicationsretransmission,battlefielddistributionforunitresupply,transportofindividualandcrewreplacements,weaponsplatform,noncombatantevacuationoperations,battlefieldcontractortransport,andbattledamageassessment.

Ofcourse,theLAMVbringswithitsomeobviouschallenges.Itslimitedpayloadwillbeanegativefactor.ItsusewillcomplicateArmyairspacecommandandcontrol.HowtheLAMVwillbeusedinconjunctionwithforcesunderthejointforceaircomponentcommanderwillhavetobedetermined.LAMVsupportissuesalsorequireresolution.Forexample,operatorselectionandtraining,leadertraining,employmentdoctrine,LAMVbasis-of-issueplans,andLAMVlife-cyclemanagementallrequiretheArmy'sattention.

1.Accordingtothepassage,LAMV（）.

2.WhatshouldtheoperatorofLAMVdowhenpowerforverticallandingisinsufficient?

3.Lighthelicopterorairplanemay（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeapossibledisadvantageofLAMV?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cantakeoffuprightandflyfast

B.isdevelopedbyanacademy

C.can’tflyasfastasanairplane

D.isappliedinciviltransportation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heshouldaskthemonitoringcenterforhelpviacomputer

B.Hecaneffectivelycontroltheaircraftwithsomesimpleinput

C.Hemustleavetheaircraftimmediatelywiththehelpofparachutes

D.HejustwaitsLAMVtoregainenoughpowerforlanding

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.havetwohandstocontrolitsspeedanddirection

B.havenocomputer-controlledRotapowerenmeshinitssystem

C.havelessenginenacellesthanLAMVandthereforelesssecurity

D.lackflexiblecomputercontrolinitstakingoffandlanding

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.FewpeoplewouldsupporttheapplicationofLAMV

B.LAMVcanonlycarryasmallcreworlittlecargo

C.Notallforcesarewillingtobecommandedjointly

D.Armyairspacecommandandcontrolwouldbeindisorder

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章所述，LAMV……”。文章第二段第一句話提到LAWV是一種垂直起降飛機(jī)，能夠以快速、安靜和敏捷的方式飛行（TheLAMVisaverticaltake-offandlandingaircraftthatcanflyinquick,quiet,andagilemanner），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“能垂直起飛，且飛行速度快”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“當(dāng)垂直降落的動力不足時(shí)，LAMV的駕駛員應(yīng)該怎么辦？”文章第四段提到“在不太可能的情況下，沒有足夠的力量垂直降落，LAMV的穩(wěn)定性和良好的下滑坡度允許駕駛員在使用機(jī)體降落傘之前操縱飛機(jī)飛到一個(gè)安全區(qū)域”（Intheunlikelyeventthatsufficientpowerisnotavailabletolandvertically,theLAMV’sstabilityandgoodglideslopeallowtheoperatortomaneuvertoasafeareabeforeusingtheair-frameparachutes），因此選項(xiàng)B“通過一些簡單的操作有效控制飛機(jī)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“輕型直升機(jī)或飛機(jī)可能……”。文章第三段第三句話提到“不同于任何輕型直升機(jī)或飛機(jī)，LAMV有多個(gè)發(fā)動機(jī)艙，每個(gè)機(jī)艙都有兩個(gè)由計(jì)算機(jī)控制的Rotapower型發(fā)動機(jī)”（Unlikeanylighthelicopterorairplane,theLAMVhasmultipleenginenacelles,eachwithtwocomputer-controlledRotapowerengines），由此可推測出輕型直升機(jī)或飛機(jī)沒有LAMV那么多的機(jī)艙，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪項(xiàng)是LAMV的劣勢？”文章最后一段提到了LAMV不利的一面。LAMV的支持問題也需要解決，例如，駕駛員的選擇與訓(xùn)練（LAMVsupportissuesalsorequireresolution.Forexample,operatorselectionandtraining…），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Before1945,hardlyanyoneoutsideofNewMexicohadeverheardofAlamogordo.In1960itspopulationnumbered21,723.Eversince1898,whenthetownhadbeenbuiltbytheSouthernPacificRailroad,Alamogordohadbeenalonelytown.Thelandarounditwaslargelydesert,andlargelyempty.

Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.

AtdawnonJuly16,1945,theatomicbombwassetoff.Observersagreedthattheyhadwitnessedsomethingunlikeanythingeverseenbymenbefore,ahuge,colorfulfireball,morebrilliantthanthesunflashingasitroseformilesintotheair.Neverbeforehadmenreleasedsomuchpoweratonetime,norhadanynationeverpossessedweaponasterribleanddestructiveastheatomicbomb.

Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.

Whennewsoftheatomicbombanditsdestructivenesswasannounced,peopleallovertheworldwonderedwhatothernewweaponswerebeingpreparedintheNewMexicodesert.Somepeopledoubtedthatthesecretofmakingatomicbombscouldbekeptfromothercountries.Someevendoubtedthewisdomofusingsopowerfulaweapon.Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.

1.Alamogordowaschosenasthetestsitemainlybecause（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthetoneofthispassage?

3.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

4.Afterthefirstatomicbombexplosion,everybodyagreedthat（）.

5.WhenwastheatomicbombdroppedonHiroshima?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itslocationwouldhidethesecretwell

B.italwayshadanenjoyableclimate

C.itwassituatedinsouthwesternNewMexico

D.itwasconnectedtoothercitiesbyarailway

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Encouragement.

B.Fear.

C.Anxiety.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theselectionofthetestsiteforthefirstatomicbomb

B.thedestructiveforceofthefirstatomicbomb

C.thesecretofAlamogordo

D.nuclearwar

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itwasnotwisetousesuchapowerfulweapon

B.itwaswisetochooseAlamogordoasthetestsite

C.manhadenteredtheageofnuclear

D.itwasnotpossibletokeepthetechnologyofmakingatomicbombssecret

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AtdawnonJuly16,1945.

B.Severalweeksafterthetest.

C.Assoonasthesecretwasrevealed.

D.Immediatelyafterthetest.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“chosenasthetestsite”可以定位到文章第二段Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.（由于地處偏僻，而且天氣幾乎總是晴朗平和，阿拉莫戈多附近的一處沙漠被選為有史以來第一顆原子彈爆炸的最后地點(diǎn)。），說明選擇阿拉莫戈多作為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)的原因是它地處偏僻，同時(shí)第四段最后一句也說到Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.（幾乎每個(gè)人都驚訝地得知炸彈是在哪里制造和測試的；西南部的沙漠很好地隱藏了這個(gè)秘密。），說明偏僻的沙漠能很好地隱藏秘密，是選擇其作為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)的原因。因此A選項(xiàng)“它的位置能很好地隱藏秘密”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它總是氣候宜人”，根據(jù)原文可知，天氣好是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“它位于新墨西哥州西南部”只是介紹了阿拉莫戈多的位置，沒有說明選擇它作為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)的原因，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“它通過鐵路與其他城市相連”，原文只說它是由南太平洋鐵路公司建成的，沒有說它和其他城市相連，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

第2題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章首先介紹了阿拉莫戈多的背景，然后描述了原子彈爆炸事件和人們對其的反應(yīng)，整體是站在一個(gè)比較客觀的態(tài)度來講述事件經(jīng)過的，沒有加入個(gè)人的情感。A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)”，B選項(xiàng)“恐懼”，C選項(xiàng)“焦慮”均不符合文章基調(diào)，因此D選項(xiàng)“以上都不是”正確。

第3題:主旨大意題。文章主要圍繞阿拉莫戈多這個(gè)地點(diǎn)展開敘述，首先介紹了它的位置和地理環(huán)境，引出下文它作為原子彈爆炸秘密試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)，這個(gè)秘密公開時(shí)所有人都感到很驚訝，因此C選項(xiàng)“阿拉莫戈多的秘密”符合文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“第一顆原子彈試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)的選定”，B選項(xiàng)“第一顆原子彈的破壞力”，D選項(xiàng)“核戰(zhàn)爭”都只說明了文章的一部分，不能代表全文的主旨，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.（但沒有人懷疑，一場新的戰(zhàn)爭——一個(gè)新的世界——在1945年夏天的一個(gè)早晨，從阿拉莫戈多開始了。），1945年夏天的早晨說明是第一顆原子彈爆炸的時(shí)間，新的戰(zhàn)爭和世界開始了說明人類開始使用原子彈等核武器，進(jìn)入了核武器時(shí)代。因此C選項(xiàng)“人類已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了核時(shí)代”正確。A選項(xiàng)“使用如此強(qiáng)大的武器是不明智的”只是部分人的想法，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“選擇阿拉莫戈多作為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)是明智之舉”，D選項(xiàng)“制造原子彈的技術(shù)不可能保密”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

第5題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.（幾個(gè)星期以來，試驗(yàn)一直保密。當(dāng)一顆原子彈從美國飛機(jī)投到日本廣島時(shí)，美國各地的報(bào)紙和廣播電臺都在報(bào)道新墨西哥州的原子彈試驗(yàn)。），說明在試驗(yàn)之后過了幾周才正式投放原子彈。因此B選項(xiàng)“試驗(yàn)過后幾周”正確。A選項(xiàng)“1945年7月16日黎明時(shí)分”，由原文可知這是試驗(yàn)的時(shí)間，不是在廣島投下原子彈的時(shí)間，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“秘密一經(jīng)披露后”，當(dāng)在廣島投下原子彈之后，試驗(yàn)的秘密才被揭露，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“試驗(yàn)后立即投放”，由原文可知是過了幾周后才投放的，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

12.單選題

Accordingtosomepsychologists,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependent（）motivation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.of

C.with

D.in

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。be/remainindependentof“與……無關(guān)”，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Theboredomanddeepcontemptforhisworkmustresultfromtheworker’srelationshiptohisworkwhichiscompletely（）ofhumanity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devoid

B.desolate

C.destitute

D.derelict

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。devoid“缺乏的”；desolate“荒涼的”;destitute“貧困的”；derelict“荒廢的”。前面提到“他對工作的無聊和深深的蔑視源于工作關(guān)系”，由此可知“缺乏人性的工作關(guān)系”符合語境，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者的國家，哪類人受益于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各種各樣的人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中蓬勃發(fā)展，有足夠的證據(jù)表明大多數(shù)人仍然想要獲得發(fā)財(cái)機(jī)會”（AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring），由此可知“不一定對窮人有害”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪個(gè)表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術(shù)勞動力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項(xiàng)B“非技術(shù)人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅(qū)動經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項(xiàng)C“一直存在”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個(gè)人的最終目標(biāo)（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Itisdoubtfulwhetheranyonecanbeatruly（）observerofevents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.genius

B.impassive

C.inadequate

D.impartial

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。genius“天才；天賦”，名詞；impassive“冷漠的；無感覺的”，形容詞；inadequate“不充分的”，形容詞；impartial“公平的，公正的”，形容詞。根據(jù)doubtful“懷疑的”和truly“真正地”可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

北京奧運(yùn)會弘揚(yáng)了團(tuán)結(jié)、友誼、和平的奧林匹克精神，成為世界各國人民共同見證的文化交流的盛會。北京奧運(yùn)會的成功，是中國人民和世界各國人民共同努力的結(jié)果。榮譽(yù)屬于國際奧林匹克大家庭，屬于在比賽場上奮勇爭先的運(yùn)動員，屬于來自世界各地的自愿者。北京奧運(yùn)會的舉辦，將更加有力地促進(jìn)中國體育事業(yè)向前發(fā)展，將更加廣泛地促進(jìn)中國同國際奧林匹克大家庭的交流合作，將更加深入地促進(jìn)中國人民同世界各國人民的相互了解和友誼。

【答案】TheBeijingOlympicGameshaspromotedtheOlympicspiritofsolidarity,friendshipandpeace.Ithasbecomeagrandevenofculturalexchangeswitnessedbypeopleofthewholeworld.ThesuccessoftheBeijingOlympicGamesisattributabletotheconcertedeffortsoftheChinesepeopleandpeoplefromtherestoftheworld.TheglorygoestotheOlympicFamily,toathleteswhohavecompetedhard,tovolunteersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.ThehostingoftheBeijingOlympicGameswillgiveaboosttothefurtherdevelopmentofsportsinChina,promotemoreextensiveexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheInternationalOlympicFamilyandfurtherenhancethemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandpeopleofallothercountries.

17.單選題

Colourblindnessisinabilitytodistinguishoneormoreofthethreecoloursred,green,andblue.(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates,including,amongothers,manandtheotherprimates,fish,amphibians,somereptiles,andsomebirds;andinbeesandbutterflies.)Intheretina,thelight-sensitivelayeroftissuethatlinesthebackandsidesoftheeyeball,thereare,inhumanbeings,threetypesofcones,thevisualcellsthatfunctionintheperceptionofcolour.Onetypeabsorbslightbestinwavelengthsofblue-violetandanotherinthewavelengthsofgreen.Thethirdtypeismostsensitivetowavelengthsofyellowbutisalsosensitivetored.

Colour-blindpersonsmaybeblindtoone,two,orallofthecoloursred.green,andblue.(Blindnesstorediscalledprotanopia;togreen,deuteranopia;andtoblue,tritanopia.)Red-blindpersonsareordinarilyunabletodistinguishbetweenredandgreen,whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow.Green-blindpersonsareunabletoseethegreenpartofthespectrum.

Colourblindness,whichaffectsabout20timesasmanymalesasfemales,isasex-linkedrecessivecharacteristic.Awomanmustinheritthetraitfrombothparentstobecolour-blind.Acolour-blindmanandawomanofnormalcolourvisionhavedaughterswhohavenormalcolourvision.Butarecarriersofthetrait—thatis,thedaughtersmayhavecolour-blindsonsanddaughterswhoarecarriers.Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring.Thesonofanormalmanandacarrierwomanmaybecolour-blind,andthedaughterofsuchaunionmaybeacarrier.Thus,colourblindnesstendstoskipgenerations.

1.（）personisunabletodistinguishblueandyellow.

2.Theunderlinedword“skip”inthelastsentenceofthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

4.Itcanbeknowfromthispassagethat（）hasnormalvisionandisunabletopassthecolour-blind

traitontooffspring.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acolour-blind

B.Adeuteranopic

C.Aprotanopic

D.Atritanopic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.omit

B.clip

C.slip

D.emit

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.inabilitytodistinguishonlyonecolourisusuallynotregardedascolourblindness

B.onlyafewvertebrateshavetheabilitytoseecolours

C.onlyhumanshavetheremarkableabilitytoseecolours

D.allvertebratescannotseecolours

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedaughterofacolour-blindmanandacolour-blindwoman

B.thedaughterofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

C.thesonofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

D.thesonofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvision

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“什么色盲的人分不清藍(lán)色和黃色？”文章第二段提到“藍(lán)盲的人不能區(qū)分藍(lán)色和黃色”(whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow)，前面提到toblue,tritanopia，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問的是“劃線單詞skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的發(fā)病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遺傳的特點(diǎn)，因此skipgeneration就是“隔代”的意思，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“通過文章可知……”。文章第一段提到只有少數(shù)幾種脊椎動物具有看顏色的能力(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates)，由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“通過文章可知，下列哪種情況不會遺傳給下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和視力正常的女性的兒子視力正常，且不能將色盲形狀遺傳給后代（Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.單選題

Tothegreatdisappointmentofthepublic,thewantedinthemurdercasesofarremains（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inprison

B.infreedom

C.atease

D.atlarge

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inprison“坐牢”；infreedom“自由”；atease“安逸；自由自在”；atlarge“詳盡的；未被捕的”。前半句提到“公眾非常失望”，由此可推測是殺人犯還沒有落網(wǎng)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.單選題

TheEuropeanonlinefashionbusinessisfierce.Justaskbackersofone-timehighflierslike,theurbansportswearretailerthattankedlastyear,andD,thestrugglingmen’swearspecialist.Thoseoncestellaronlinebrandsexpandedtoofast,spentmuchmorethantheyearned,andthenlosttheirinvestorsupportafterInternetstocksbeganplummetinglastApril.Themarketssentonlinefashionstoresatoughmessage:Comeupwithbusinessmodelsthatgeneraterevenues.

AfewfirmshaveshownthatnotallonlinefashionshopsareInternetdisasters.Copenhagen-basedH,thedesigner-labeldiscountstore,Sweden’ssportswearvendorSportusandtheItalianshirtsstoreMarcoBracciaredoingwellinaverytoughenvironment.

Haburi'sdistinctivebusinessmodelisanInternetversionofthefactoryoutletwherebrandmanufacturersselldirectlytoconsumersatlowerpricesfromhugeout-of-townshoppingmalls.AconceptusedintheU.S.farmorethaninEurope,andHaburiwantstofillthegap.MichaelVad,Haburi'sCEO,saysthatEurope'sapparelfactoryoutletsectorcouldyield$10billioninsalesannually.

AccordingtoVad,nationalregulationsthatlimitmallsoutsidecitycentershavehamperedthedevelopmentofthissector.“Fortheconsumer,there’sthetwo-hourdrivetothemall,andwhenyougetthereyoudon’tknowwhetheryou’llgetthesizeorcoloryouwant,”saysVad.Bygoingonline,Haburiaimstocuttheretailer'scosts,saveconsumersthelongdrive,anddeliverorderswithintwotofivedays.Haburisplitsnetrevenue50-50withthebrandmanufacturers.

Haburialreadyhasabout30,000onlinecustomers.Theadditional$12millioninvestedinHaburilastJuneindicatesinvestorswillstillbackbusiness-to-consumerInternetcompanies,butonlyiftheyhaveasolidstrategicvisionandnotjustafashionablewhimspurredbyInternethype.SowheredidDressmartandgowrong?“Theyweresupposedtorunoutofmoney.Theywereamongthecompaniesthatonlygotinvestmentmoneyiftheypromisedveryrapidexpansion,”observesOlaAhlvarsson,Stockholm-basedCEOofResultVentureKnowledge