高中一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)話題閱讀集訓(xùn)（六）歷史與地理

話題閱讀集訓(xùn)（六）歷史與地理Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThereweremanyfamouspoetsfromdifferentperiodsoftimeinChinesehistory,andthousandsoftheirpoemsarestillreadandappreciatedtoday.Toarousepeople'sinterestinthoseclassicChinesepoemsandpromoteculturalheritage,ChinaCentralTelevision(CCTV)producedaTVshow—ChinesePoetryConference.Thefinale(終場(chǎng))ofthehitshow'ssecondseasonwasshownonFeb.7,2017.WuYishu,16,whostudiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedtoFudanUniversityinShanghai,cameoutontop.Inanearlierepisode(一集),Wuwowedtheaudiencewhenperforminginasectionentitled“Feihualing”.Thegame'sthemewas“yue”，meaning“moon”or“month”inChinese.SherecitedthelinesfromtheClassicofPoetry,theearliestcollectionofpoemsinChina:“InJuly,thecrickets(蟋蟀)areinthefield.InAugust,theyareintheyard.InSeptembertheyareatthedoor.InOctober,theyenterandcrawlunderourbeds.”“Ireallyadmireherknowledgeofpoems，”saidHuangZijin,16,aSenior2studentfromNingboHighSchoolinZhejiangProvince.“ThefirsttimeIsawherwearingtraditionalHanclothingonTV,Iwasveryimpressedbyherclassicallooks.ShefulfillsallmyfantasiesaboutclassicChinesewomen'stalents.What'smore,shealwaysappearssocalmthroughouttheshow,whichisveryunusualforherage.”Astheoldsayinggoes,“Onewhoisfilledwithknowledgealwaysbehaveswithelegance.”“Learningpoemsisn'taboutwinningorlosing.Thepowerofpoetryliesinshapingone'sviewoflifeanddevelopingone'sinnerworld，”saidLiBo,anexpertguestattheChinesePoetryConference'ssecondseason.Whenitestoteachingpeopleaboutpoetry,LiDingguang,theshow'sacademicadvisor,suggestedthatteachersshouldexplainmoreaboutthebeautyofthepoetryfromboththeaesthetic(美學(xué)的)andemotionalsides,andguidethestudentstolosethemselvesinthepoems'rhythmic(有節(jié)奏的)andrhyminglines.“AlthoughtheamountofancientChinesepoetryinthetextbooksofprimaryandsecondaryschoolshasincreased,manystudentsstilllearnthemforexams，”LiDingguangtoldC.“Therefore,it'simportanttohelpstudentstrulyappreciatetheartistryandfunofpoetry.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。中國(guó)詩(shī)詞源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，至今仍為世人傳誦。為發(fā)揚(yáng)中國(guó)文化，提高人們對(duì)中國(guó)古詩(shī)的興趣，中央電視臺(tái)制作并播出了《中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)》節(jié)目，中學(xué)生武亦姝以其特有的魅力征服了觀眾。1．What'soneofthepurposesoftheTVshowChinesePoetryConference?A．ToentertainpeoplebyenjoyingChinesepoems.B．ToseewhocanrecitethemostclassicChinesepoems.C．Tofulfillpeople'sfantasiesaboutChinesewomen'stalents.D．TomakemorepeopleinterestedinclassicChinesepoetry.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“Toarousepeople'sinterestinthoseclassicChinesepoemsandpromoteculturalheritage”可知，中央電視臺(tái)制作并播出《中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)》的目的是提高人們對(duì)中國(guó)古詩(shī)的興趣、發(fā)揚(yáng)中國(guó)文化，故D項(xiàng)正確。2．FromParagraphs3and4,whatcanweinferaboutWuYishu?A．SheisatalentedandelegantChineseteenager.B．Shehaslearnedalargeamountofpoetryfromtextbooks.C．Sheisalwayscalmintheshowlikeotherpetitorsofherage.D．SheamazedtheaudiencewiththelinesfromtheClassicofPoetryinthefinale.解析：選A推理判斷題。通讀第三段可知，該段介紹了武亦姝以背誦含“月”字的詩(shī)詞征服了觀眾；第四段介紹了人們對(duì)武亦姝氣質(zhì)和形象的評(píng)價(jià)：她穿著漢服，文靜內(nèi)秀，給人們留下了深刻的印象。據(jù)此可以推斷，武亦姝是一個(gè)有天賦的、優(yōu)雅的人，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．AccordingtoLiBo,whydopeoplelearnpoetry?A．Togetgoodmarksinexaminations.B．Tohelpbuilduptheirinnerworld.C．TowintheChinesePoetryConference.D．Toappreciatethebeautyofrhythmandrhyme.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的“Thepowerofpoetryliesinshapingone'sviewoflifeanddevelopingone'sinnerworld”可知，酈波認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)詩(shī)歌的目的在于塑造人的人生觀和發(fā)展人的內(nèi)心世界，故B項(xiàng)正確。4．WhatisLiDingguang'sattitudetopoetryteaching?A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.C．Critical. D．Casual.解析：選C觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的“AlthoughtheamountofancientChinesepoetryinthetextbooksofprimaryandsecondaryschoolshasincreased,manystudentsstilllearnthemforexams”可知，李定廣對(duì)學(xué)校詩(shī)歌教學(xué)的評(píng)價(jià)是：盡管教材中詩(shī)歌的數(shù)量增多了，但是許多學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)詩(shī)歌僅是為了考試。據(jù)此可以判斷，他對(duì)詩(shī)歌教學(xué)持批評(píng)態(tài)度，故C項(xiàng)正確。BSomepeoplecallitatravelingmuseum.Othersrefertoitasalivingoropen-airmuseum.BuiltinBraziltohonorColumbus'firstvoyagetotheNewWorld,theNina,aColumbus-erareplica(復(fù)制品)ship,providesvisitorswithanaccuratevisualofthesizeandsailingequipmentofColumbus'favoriteshipfromover500yearsago.IjoinedthecrewoftheNinainGulf.Shores,Alabama,inFebruary2013.Aspartofaresearchprojectsponsoredbymyuniversity,mygoalwastodocumentmydaysaboardtheshipinablog.IquicklyrealizedthatIgainedthemostvaluableinsightswhenIobservedorgavetourstoschool-agechildren.Thefield-triptouroftheNinaishands-onlearningatitsbest.Inthissetting,studentscouldtouchtheline,passaroundaballaststone(壓艙石),andmovetheextremelylargetillerthatcontrolledthedirectionoftheshipsinColumbus'days.Theysooncametounderstandthelaborinvolvedinsailingtheshipbackinhistime.Iwaspleasedtoseethestudentsbeeactiveparticipantsintheirlearningprocess.TheNinaisnottheonlytravelingmuseumthatprovidessuchfieldtrips.AvisittoJamestownSettlement,forexample,allowsvisitorstoboardthreerecreationsoftheshipsthatbroughtthefirstsettlersfromEnglandtoVirginiaintheearly1,600s.Historicalguides,dressedinperiodcostumes,givetoursoftheSusanConstant,Godspeed,andDiscovery.Theseguidesoftenportrayacharacterthatwouldhavelivedandworkedduringthattimeperiod.Studentstouringtheseshipsareencouragedtointeractwiththeguidesinordertobetterunderstandthedailylifeinthepast.MyexperienceontheNinahelpstestify(證實(shí))mylong-heldbeliefthatstudentsstayinterested,askbetterquestions,andengage(參與)inhigher-orderthinkingtaskswhentheyareactivelyengagedinthelearningprocess.The_students_who_boarded_the_Nina_came_as_passive_learners._They_left_as_bold_explorers.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了哥倫布航海時(shí)的航船的復(fù)制品Nina，它是一個(gè)開(kāi)放的博物館。學(xué)生參觀這一特殊的博物館可以積極主動(dòng)參與學(xué)習(xí)。5．Whatoccupationistheauthorengagedin?A．Shipping. B．Education.C．Ecologicaltourism. D．Museumadministration.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“IquicklyrealizedthatIgainedthemostvaluableinsightswhenIobservedorgavetourstoschool-agechildren.”可知，作者在給學(xué)齡兒童介紹有關(guān)航船復(fù)制品Nina的歷史知識(shí)；據(jù)此可以判斷，作者從事的是教育行業(yè)，故B項(xiàng)正確。6．WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheNinaintroducedinthepassage?A．SheisareplicaofashipthatColumbusbuiltinBrazil.B．Sheisalwayscrowdedwithforeigntouristsduringholidays.C．SheistheboatColumbussailedinhisvoyagetotheNewWorld.D．ShedisplayswhatColumbus'shipwaslikeandhowitoperated.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“providesvisitorswithanaccuratevisualofthesizeandsailingequipmentofColumbus'favoriteship”可知，Nina為人們提供了哥倫布的航船的原貌；根據(jù)第二段的“Inthissetting,studentscouldtouchtheline...directionoftheshipsinColumbus'days.”可知，Nina還提供了如何操作該航船的方法，故D項(xiàng)正確。7．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Guidelinesforvisitorsontheships.B．LifeofthefirstsettlersinJamestownSettlement.C．DutiesoftheguidesintheBritishmuseums.D．IntroductiontoanothermuseumsimilartotheNina.解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“TheNinaisnottheonlytravelingmuseum...AvisittoJamestownSettlement,forexample,allowsvisitorstoboardthreerecreationsoftheshipsthatbroughtthefirstsettlers”可知，第三段主要介紹了另一個(gè)與Nina類似的航行博物館，故D項(xiàng)正確。8．Whatdoestheauthormeanbythelasttwosentencesofthepassage?A．Thestudentsareinterestedinbeingtourguides.B．Theexperiencehaschangedthestudents'learningattitude.C．Thestudentsbeebraveandarereadytosailtheseasontheirown.D．Themuseumsaresuccessfulinteachingthestudentssurvivalskillsatsea.解析：選B句意理解題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句可知，登上了哥倫布航船復(fù)制品Nina的學(xué)生成了主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生，他們成了知識(shí)的勇敢探索者。據(jù)此可以判斷，最后兩句意在說(shuō)明，這種游覽改變了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng)正確。CFormanypeoplewholiveincities,parksareanimportantpartofthelandscape.Theyprovideaplaceforpeopletorelaxandplaysports,aswellasashelterfromtheoftensevereenvironmentofacity.Whatpeopleoftenoverlookisthatparksalsoprovideconsiderableenvironmentalbenefits.Onebenefitofparksisthatplantsabsorbcarbondioxideandgiveoffoxygen,whichhumansneedtobreathe.Accordingtoonestudy,anacreoftreescanabsorbthesameamountofcarbondioxidethatatypicalcaremitsin11,000milesofdriving.Parksalsomakecitiescooler.ScientistshavelongnotedwhatiscalledtheUrbanHeatIslandEffect:buildingmaterialssuchasmetalandconcrete(混凝土)absorbmuchmoreofthesun'sheatandrelease(釋放)itmuchmorequicklythanorganicsurfacesliketreesandgrass.Becausecitylandscapescontainsomuchofthesebuildingmaterials,citiesareusuallywarmerthansurroundingruralareas.ParksandothergreenspaceshelptolessentheUrbanHeatIslandEffect.Unfortunately,manycitiescannoteasilycreatemoreparksbecausemostlandisalreadybeingusedforbuildings,roads,parkinglots,andotheressentialpartsoftheurbanenvironment.However,citiescouldbenefitfrommanyofthepositiveeffectsofparksbyencouragingcitizenstocreateanothertypeofgreenspace:rooftopgardens.Whilemostpeoplewouldnotthinkofstartingagardenontheirroof,humanbeingshavebeenplantinggardensonrooftopsforthousandsofyears.Somerooftopgardensaresimplecontainergardensthatanyonecancreatewiththeinvestment(投資)ofafewhundreddollarsandafewhoursofwork.Rooftopgardensprovidemanyofthesamebenefitsasotherurbanparksandgardenspaces,butwithouttakingupthemuch-neededland.Inthesummer,rooftopgardenspreventbuildingsfromabsorbingheatfromthesun,whichcansignificantlyreducecoolingbills.Inthewinter,gardenshelpcontroltheheatthatmaterialslikebrickandconcretereleasesoquickly,leadingtosavingsonheatingbills.Rooftopvegetableandherbgardenscanalsoprovidefreshfoodforcitysettlers,makingtheirdietshealthier.Rooftopgardensarenotonlysomethingeveryonecanenjoy,theyarealsoasmartenvironmentalinvestment.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了在擁擠的城市里建立屋頂花園的好處。9.Theunderlinedword“emits”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．carriesaway B．takesupC．givesout D．breathesin解析：選C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文中的“anacreoftreescanabsorbthesameamountofcarbondioxide”可知，一英畝的樹(shù)吸收的二氧化碳的量和一輛普通的汽車行駛11000英里排放的二氧化碳的量是相等的。由此可知，emit與giveout的意思相同，表示“釋放”。10．WhichofthefollowingcontributestotheUrbanHeatIslandEffect?A．Morebuildingmaterials.B．Moretreesandgrass.C．Moreparkinglots.D．Morerooftopgardens.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“ScientistshavelongnotedwhatiscalledtheUrbanHeatIslandEffect:buildingmaterialssuchasmetalandconcrete(混凝土)absorbmuchmoreofthesun'sheat...usuallywarmerthansurroundingruralareas.”可知，諸如金屬和混凝土之類的建筑材料是城市熱島效應(yīng)的始作俑者，故選A。11．Whenitestorooftopgardens,whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Theymakepeoplemuchhappier.B．Theyprovidemorebenefitsthanurbanparks.C．Theyhelptosavemoneyandkeepahealthydiet.D．Theyhavebeeverypopularinrecentyears.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“reducecoolingbills”“l(fā)eadingtosavingsonheatingbills”和“makingtheirdietshealthier”以及最后一段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，屋頂花園能夠降低冬季取暖或夏季降溫的費(fèi)用支出。同時(shí)，它還可以為蔬菜種植提供場(chǎng)地，為人們提供新鮮的蔬菜，從而使人們的飲食更健康，故選C。DLocalofficialsinBeijingpromisedtofurtherprotectthecity'sculturalheritage(遺產(chǎn)),inparticularthenarrowstreetsknownasHutong.HutongsaremonlyfoundinthecitiesofNorthChina,buttheyareatrisk.Beijingiscurrentlybelievedtohavefewerthan1,000Hutongs,mostofwhichareneartheForbiddenCity.Only60yearsago,thenumberwas3,250.IntheolddistrictsofDongchengandXicheng,somepeoplewillbeaskedtomovefromHutonghousestoavoidfurtherdamagetotheancientarchitecture.“Onaveragemorethan100,000peoplevisittheForbiddenCityduringtheNationalDayholidays.Thevisitsputpressureontheprotectionofculturalrelics，”saidthedirectoroftheBeijingMunicipalmissionofUrbanPlanning,addingthatHutongsshouldbeprotectedfromhumandamage.Thegovernmentfocusedonhowtheprotectionplanswerecarriedoutandhowthemanagementofculturalheritageworked.TheheadoftheXichengdistrictgovernment,saidtheareahas182culturalrelics,manyofwhichwerebuiltasfarbackastheYuanDynasty(1271—1368).“Themostefficientwayistodecreasethelocalpopulationtoreducethepossibilityofcausingharmtotheheritage.”“Eachmunityhasbeenrequiredtoreportthestatusofitsculturalheritage,especiallyHutongs,andanyactionstodamagetheheritagewillbepunished.”NooneknowsforsurehowmanyHutongswillbeleftintheing100years.語(yǔ)篇解讀：北京的胡同已不再是小小的街道，它傳載著北京幾百年的歷史和文化。本文主要介紹了北京胡同的歷史、現(xiàn)狀及政府的保護(hù)措施。12．HowmanyHutongshavedisappearedinthepastsixtyyearsinBeijing?A．Fewerthan1,000. B．About2,000.C．Morethan3,000. D．Over4,000.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Beijingiscurrentlybelievedtohavefewerthan1,000Hutongs,mostofwhichareneartheForbiddenCity.Only60yearsago,thenumberwas3,250.”可知，北京胡同的數(shù)量由60年前的3250條減少至現(xiàn)在的不到1000條，共減少了大約2000條。故選B項(xiàng)。13．AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingisthemainreasonforthedamagetoculturalrelics?A．People'sactivity. B．Residents'attitude.C．munities'behavior. D．Thegovernments'policy.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thevisitsputpressureontheprotectionofculturalrelics.”和“Hutongsshouldbeprotectedfromhumandamage”以及第四段中的“Themostefficientwayistodecreasethelocalpopulationtoreducethepossibilityofcausingharmtotheheritage.”可知，文化遺跡遭到破壞的主要因素是人們的活動(dòng)。14．WhichofthefollowingisausefulwaytoprotectHutongs?A．Toattractmorevisitors.B．Toforbideveryonefromgettingclosetoit.C．Toincreasethelocalpopulation.D．Topunishanyonedamagingit.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“anyactionstodamagetheheritagewillbepunished”可知，加大對(duì)破壞北京胡同行為的懲罰是保護(hù)北京胡同比較有用的措施，故選D項(xiàng)。15．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardHutongs?A．Optimistic. B．Pessimistic.C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“NooneknowsforsurehowmanyHutongswillbeleftintheing100years.”可知，作者對(duì)未來(lái)北京胡同的命運(yùn)深感擔(dān)憂，持悲觀態(tài)度。Ⅱ.完形填空Iretiredfrommyfamilybusinessfouryearsago.ButI'veneverbeen__1__ofachallenge.I'vesailedaroundtheworldbefore.AndI'vedecidedtoflyeastfromWesternAustraliaina__2__.ForthelasttwoyearsIhadtrainedhard,spending150hours__3__withmygroundteam.Whenthebigdaycame,thousandsofpeoplegatheredto__4__thelaunch.Itwasa__5__start,withasmoothandsteadytake-off.Iwas__6__butstillhadsomedoubts—Iwasflyingintothe__7__.Icouldn'tguaranteeI'dseemyfriendsandfamilyagain.ThecapsulewhereIstayedwasdesignedto__8__ifIlandedinwater,butIwasnotsurewhetherIcould__9__thecrueltyoftheocean.__10__，Ikeptwatchingtheweather,municatingwithmylandteamand__11__thealtitudetoachievetheperfectspeedanddirection.Onmyfifthday,IwasterrifiedtonoticeIwaslosingoxygen.__12__，Imanagedtosavemylifebyadjustingthepressureintheoxygencylinder(氧氣瓶)tostoptheoxygenescaping.Iknowitwasvitaltostay__13__tocontroltheflight,altitudeandmyoxygenflow,soIheldaspoonbetweentwofingers—IfI__14__，itwouldfallandwakemeup.IneverquestionedwhyIwasdoingthis.Itissuchaunique__15__toseeourbeautifulplanetfromhighabove.SeeingthecoastofAustraliaagainonmy11thdaywasahuge__16__.Iknewmyjourneywasnearlyover.Itwastobeanewworldrecord.Icouldseemyteam__17__belowasIflewover.This__18__reallypushedmetomylimits,butithasn't__19__me.Nextyear,Iwanttoflyevenhighertobreakanother__20__forthehot-airballoonflight.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇蓖诵菟哪旰?，從西澳大利亞州乘熱氣球向東旅行，十一天后平安著陸?！拔摇眲?chuàng)造了世界紀(jì)錄，準(zhǔn)備明年繼續(xù)挑戰(zhàn)自己。1．A.shy B．skepticalC．fond D．confident解析：選A根據(jù)該句中“But”表達(dá)的語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合下句中“我”環(huán)球航行過(guò)并決定乘熱氣球從西澳大利亞州向東旅行的描述可知，“我”不害怕(shy)挑戰(zhàn)自我。shyof/about(doing)sth.意為“害怕(做)，對(duì)(做)……心懷顧忌”。2．A.plane B．helicopterC．wingsuit D．hot-airballoon解析：選D根據(jù)本文最后一句中的“thehot-airballoon”可知，“我”是乘熱氣球旅行的，故D項(xiàng)正確。3．A.debating B．preparingC．carving D．traveling解析：選B根據(jù)該句中的“Ihavetrainedhard”可知，過(guò)去兩年“我”艱苦訓(xùn)練，花了150個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間和“我”的地面團(tuán)隊(duì)一起準(zhǔn)備(preparing)。4．A.wele B．inspectC．delay D．witness解析：選D根據(jù)該句中的“thousandsofpeoplegatheredto”可知，在那一天，成千上萬(wàn)的人聚集在一起見(jiàn)證(witness)了起飛過(guò)程。5．A.perfect B．falseC．poor D．fresh解析：選A根據(jù)該句中的“withasmoothandsteadytake-off”可知，熱氣球起飛時(shí)很平穩(wěn)；據(jù)此可以判斷，這是一個(gè)完美的(perfect)開(kāi)始。6．A.amused B．puzzledC．excited D．frightened解析：選C根據(jù)上句中的“withasmoothandsteadytake-off”和下文but的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，熱氣球起飛時(shí)平穩(wěn)，“我”感到很興奮(excited)。7．A.future B．unknownC．shelter D．rea