2023屆上海市虹口區(qū)高三年級下冊二模英語試題（解析版）

虹口區(qū)2023學年度第二學期期中學生學習能力診斷測試

高三英語試卷

2024.04

考生注意：

1.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。

2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，

做在試卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheend

ofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,read

thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestion

youhaveheard.

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Onafarm.B.Atalibrary.

C.Inasnackbar.D.Inadepartmentstore.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】W:Thecoloristerrific,butitsstyleseemsabitoutofdate.

M:Oh,madam,thafspreciselywhyifsavailableatadiscount.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.7:00.B.7:30.

C.8:00.D.8:30.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】M:Don'tbetoohardonyourself.Startingamorningclassat7:00a.m.isquiteearlyafterall.

W:No,actually,they'vemovedtheclasstostartat8:00a.m.now,butIstillendedupbeing30minuteslateyesterday.

Q:Whendidthewomanarriveattheclassyesterday?

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Sheisinferiortohiminmaths.B.Sheisreallygoodatmaths.

C.Shedoesn'tworkhardatmaths.D.Shedidn'tdowellinthistest.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Youdidwellinthemathstest,Ali.

M:NotaswellasGill.She'sthebrainsinourclass!

Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutGill?

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Hegotinjuredyesterday.B.Hedidn'tfinishhispaperontime.

C.Hefailedtosubmithispaperontime.D.Hecouldn'tfocushismindonthepaper.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Whafsup?Youlooksoupset.

M:Ishouldhaveturnedinmypaperyesterday,butittotallyslippedmymind.

Q:What'stheman'sproblem?

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.HeadmiresEmmaforhercourage.

B.Hedoesn'tunderstandwhatEmmasaid.

C.HegetsangrywithEmmaatthemeeting.

D.HethinksEmmashouldtakeabusinesscourse.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Emmareallylosthertemperduringthemeeting.Sheneedstobemorediplomatic.

M:Iagreewithyouonthat,butwealsohavetoacknowledgeherbraveryinstandingupforwhatshebelievesin.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Thewomanislookingforaresearchtopic.

B.Thewomanisstrugglingwithdataanalysis.

C.Themanistoobusytoofferhelp.

D.Themancan'tmakesenseofthedata.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:I'vebeenworkingonthisreallytoughpaperforweeks,andIjustcan'tfigureoutthepartabout

analyzingdata.

M:Igethowtoughthatcanbe.Howaboutyouexplainingthedatatome?Andtogetherwecanbrainstormsome

ideas.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Theyarestressedoutduetotheirwork.

B.Theycarelittleaboutthelackofofficesupplies.

C.Theyareconcernedabouttheoffice'scleanliness.

D.Theyaretornbetweenworkandfamilyresponsibilities.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Ican'tbelievehowbusytheofficehasbeenlately.There'ssomuchpaperworktohandleandthe

deadlinesarepilingup.

W:Itfeelslikewe'reconstantlyracingagainsttheclock.

Q:Whatisthemainconcernofthespeakers?

8.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.ProfessorWangisverygoodatteachingbiology.

B.Itisunfortunateforthemantohavebiologyclass.

C.Thebiologicalproblemishardforallthestudents.

D.Themanstilldoesn'tunderstandtheproblem.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】W:IthinkProfessorWangexplainedthebiologicalproblemveryclearly.

M:Doyoureallythinkso?Unfortunately,ifsstillaclosedbooktome.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?

9.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Styleschangemorequicklythannecessary.

B.Youngstersdon'treallyknowwhatfashionis.

C.Peopleshouldcaremoreabouttheirappearance.

D.It'snotsensibletogoafterdesignerclothing.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】M:Idon'tknowwhydesignerclothingissopopularamongyoungsters.

W:Iseeeyetoeyewithyou.There'snopointindoingso.Ifonlytheyknewhowquicklystyleschange!

Q:Whatopiniondothespeakersagreewith?

10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Themanmusttakehistoryclassesthisterm.

B.Sciencecourseisnotavailablethisterm.

C.Therewillbeanewhistoryteacherthisterm.

D.Shedoesn'tknowwhattherequiredcoursesarethisterm.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:I'mtomaboutchoosinganelective.Lastterm'shistoryteacherwasrough,andIwantaniceronenow.

W:Youdorealizethatart,history,andscienceareallrequiredcoursesthisterm,right?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyou

willbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesand

theconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouheara

question,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebest

answertothequestionyouhaveheard.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

11.

A.Amysteriouscode.B.Atheoryofpersonalitytypes.

C.Apersonalitytype.D.Atesttoidentifyone'spersonality.

12.

A.Tojudgeanindividual'sabilities.B.Toidentifyabnormality.

C.Tohelppeopleunderstandthemselves.D.Tohelpsettleworkplaceconflicts.

13.

A.Whetheritcanpromoteworkefficiency.

B.Whetheritcanserveitsintendedpurpose.

C.Whetheritcanpromotethepublicationofstudies.

D.Whetheritcanshowpeople'spsychologicalstatus.

【答案】11.C12.C13.B

【解析】

【原文】HaveyoueverheardsomeonedescribethemselvesasanINTJoranESTPandwonderedwhatthose

mysteriousletterscouldmean?WhatthesepeoplearereferringtoistheirpersonalitytypebasedontheMyers-Briggs

/'mai9zbngz/TypeIndicator,orMBTI.

TheMBTIisaself-reportlistofquestionsdesignedtoidentifyaperson'spersonalitytype,strengths,and

preferences.ItwasdevelopedbyIsabelMyersandhermotherKatherineBriggsbasedontheirworkwiththetheory

ofpersonalitytypes.BasedontheanswerstothequestionsontheMBTI,peopleareidentifiedashavingoneof16

personalitytypes.ThegoaloftheMBTIistoallowrespondentstofurtherexploreandunderstandtheirown

personalitiesincludingtheirlikes,dislikes,strengths,weaknesses,andpossiblecareerpreferences.Noone

personalitytypeis"best"or"better“thananother.Itisn'tatooldesignedtolookfbrabnormality.Instead,itsgoalis

simplytohelpyoulearnmoreaboutyourself.

DespitethefactthatthousandsofstudiesusingtheMBTIhavebeenpublishedoverthedecades,some

researchersquestionthereliabilityofitsresults.Thatsaid,theMBTIremainsoneofthemostwidely-recognized

personalitytestsgloballyforitssimplicity,easeofuseandlongstandinghistoryasaworkplacetool.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

14.

A.Theyhavebeensenttowildlifeparksforprotection.

B.Theirhabitatshavebeenwell-protected.

C.Theyhavebeentakencareofbylocals.

D.Theirpopulationhasalmostdoubled.

15.

AShefoughtagainstillegalhunting.B.Shehelpedtocuretheirdisease.

C.Sheimprovedtheirlivingconditions.D.Shewasengagedinpreservingforests.

16.

A.Toteachpeoplehowtotreatgorillas.B.ToboosttheeconomyofUganda.

C.TobettertheBatwapeople'slives.D.Toraisefundsforwildlifeprotection.

【答案】14.D15.B16.C

【解析】

【原文】Mountaingorillas,whichareverylargemonkeys,arefoundintheforestsofCongo,Ugandaand

Rwanda/ru：'a:ndo/.Theyhavefacedmultiplethreatstotheirsurvivaloverthelast120years.Duetoillegal

hunting,habitatlossandhuman-transferredillnesses,therewereonlyaround600leftby1989.Today,thatnumber

hasincreasedtomorethan1000-thanksinparttotheworkofwildlifedoctorGladysKalema./'glsedis/

/ks'leim。/

WhenKalema/k。'leim。/beganhercareerwiththeUgandaWildlifeAuthorityin1996,shetreatedmountain

gorillassufferingfromadeadlyformofdiseasethattheyhadpickedupfromhumanslivingindirtyconditionsnear

theforests.realisedthatyoucannotprotectthegorillaswithoutimprovingthehealthoftheirhumanneighbours,9,

shesays.

In2003,KalemafoundedanorganisationcalledConservationThroughPublicHealth,CTPHinshort,which

addressesthephysicalandeconomicwellbeingofthelocalBatwapeoplewholiveintheforests.Theorganisation

teacheshealth,conservationawarenessandprovideseconomicopportunitiesforfamiliesthatwouldotherwiseturnto

illegalhunting.Kalema,wholastyearreceivedaUnitedNationsChampionoftheEarthAward,said:"WeTe

showingpeoplethatwedon'tcareonlyaboutwildanimalsandtheforest.Wealsocareaboutthem.^^

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

17.

A.RaisingfundstofilmtheX-FilesTVseries.

B.Switchingfromanacademicpathtoacting.

C.Givingupthehard-wonpositionofadoctor.

D.RejectingtheoffersfromtheIvyLeague.

18.

A.Beingthoughtfulandsomewhatofaloner.B.Havingascientificapproachtolife.

C.Enjoyingriskyadventures.D.Beingoverlyoptimistic.

19.

A.Hedidn'tgotocollege.B.Heisseriousandfocused.

C.Hedoesn'tbelieveinUFOs.D.Hesufferedalotfromhisdivorce.

20.

A.Youwillgrowstrongerbyovercomingchallenges.

B.Youarenotsupposedtoblameothersevenifyouarehurt.

C.Youcan'tpreventothershurtingyoufromtimetotime.

D.Ybuwillbecomepowerfulifdrivenbyyourdesires.

【答案】17.B18.A19.B20.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Goodevening,David,Tmsogladtohaveyouhere.

M:Ifsmypleasure.Thankyouforinvitingmeontheshow.

W:LefsdiveintoyourroleasMulderinTheX-Files.Thecharacterissupposedtobeafirmbelieverinthingslike

aliensandmysteriousevents.Howwasplayingthat?

M:Exactly.Ifsafascinatingcharactertoplay.

W:I'vereadaboutyourimpressiveacademicbackground.Fromexcellingintopschoolstobeingacceptedbymost

oftheIvyLeague.Ifsevenmoresurprisingwhenyou,onyourwaytoadoctorateatYale,tookafewactingclasses

andgotbeatenbythebook.

M:Yeah,itsurprisedmymotherasmuchasanyone.

W:SpeakingofMulder,doyoupersonallybelieveinlifebeyondEarthandUFOsightings,likeintheshow?

M:Ido.There9sgottobemoreouttherethanweknow.

W:AreyousimilartoMulderinbeingthoughtfulandabitofaloner?

M:Isupposeso.Thedirectorneededsomeonewhocouldbeseriousandfocusedbutalsointegratewithoutseeming

odd.

W:Yourfatherandmotherdivorcedwhenyouwereeleven.Doesthathaveeffectonyourlife?

M:Yeah,Ithinkthattheonlywaytothinkofitisthat,youknow,peoplearesaying“yourwoundisyourgoal”,you

know,"'whereveryou9rehurt,thafswhereyou511becomestronger.So,thafswhatifsreallyabout.

W:Thankyou,David.We'llpausehereforamomentandreturnshortly.

Questions:

1.WhatdecisiondidDavidmakethatsurprisedhismother?

2.InwhatwaydoesDavidrelatetohischaracterMulder?

3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutDavid?

4.Whatdoes“yourwoundisyourgoal“meanintheconversation?

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

NoFilmingatConcertsandMovieTheatersonPhones

“Please,noflashphotography.^^

Politerequestslikethiscanbefoundinmuseumsallovertheworld,buttheygenerallydon'tdiscouragepeople

fromtakingphotosof21theyfeellike.Thesamegoesforconcerts,movietheatersandotherplaces

22peopleroutinelyignorefilmingrestrictions.AnewpatentfromApplemayblockthatrule-breaking

feature-onphonesatleast.

Thepatent,23(award)toAppletoday,outlinesasystemwhichwouldallowvenues,likeconcerthalls

ortheaters,touseaninfraredemitter(紅夕卜發(fā)射器)toremotelydisablethecamerafunctiononsmartphones.

Accordingtothepatent,infraredbeamscouldbepickedupbythecamera,andinterpretedbythesmartphoneasa

command24(block)theuserfromtakinganyphotosorvideos.

Manymusiciansandperformershavebannedcellphonesfromtheirshows25theyobjecttothefree

footagecirculatingaroundtheweb.26this,imagesstillmanagetoleakout.Prince'slastconcertbeforehe

passedawayinAprilwassupposedtobecellphone-free-itapparentlywasn't.IfApple'spatent27

(introduce)intoiPhonesoftware,withvenuesputtinginfraredemittersaroundtheirstage,leakslikethiscould

potentiallystophappening.

Butthepatentalsoraisesquestionsaboutthesortofpowerthatthistechnologywouldbehandingoverto

28withmoreimmoralintentions.

Giventhecompany'srigidsupportofpersonalprivacywhenitcomestopolicerequeststobreakintousers9

devices,ifspossiblethatApplejust29(patent)thetechnologysothatnooneelsewilluseit.Butwho

knows,ifitdoesintendtointroducethisfeaturetofutureoperatingsystems,salesofcamcorders,orevenGoPros,

couldgetamuch-neededboost,aspeopletrytoavoid30(use)theprohibitivesoftware.

【答案】21.what##whatever##something##anything

22.where23.awarded

24.toblock

25.because##as##since

26.Despite

27.isintroduced

28.someone##those

29.patented

30.using

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。蘋果公司剛剛為一個系統(tǒng)申請了專利，該系統(tǒng)將允許音樂廳或劇院等場所

使用紅外發(fā)射器遠程禁用智能手機上的攝像頭功能。根據(jù)該專利，紅外光束可以被相機拾取，并被智能手

機解讀為阻止用戶拍攝任何照片或視頻的命令。

[21題詳解】

考查連詞或者代詞。句意：像這樣禮貌的要求在世界各地的博物館都可以找到，但它們通常不會阻止人們

拍攝自己喜歡的東西。分析句子可知，空格處為介詞of的賓語。根據(jù)句意，此處指物，可譯為“東西；事

物”，可以用what(ever)連接賓語從句，或者something/anything為先行詞，theyfeellike是省略了關(guān)系代詞

的定語從句。故填what(ever)/something/anythingo

【22題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：音樂會、電影院和其他人們經(jīng)常忽視拍攝限制的地方也是如此。分析句子可知，此

處是限定性定語從句。先行詞為places,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where引導定語從

句。故填where。

【23題詳解】

考查過去分詞。句意：在今天授予蘋果的這項專利概述了一種系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)將允許音樂廳或劇院等場所使

用紅外發(fā)射器遠程禁用智能手機上的攝像頭功能。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語動詞作定語。被修

飾詞Thepatent與award是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。故填awarded?

【24題詳解】

考查動詞不定式。句意：根據(jù)該專利，紅外光束可以被相機拾取，并被智能手機解讀為阻止用戶拍攝任何

照片或視頻的命令。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，此處是非謂語動詞作定語修飾

command,表目的，應(yīng)用動詞不定式。故填toblock。

[25題詳解】

考查狀語從句。句意：許多音樂家和表演者已經(jīng)禁止手機參加他們的演出，因為他們反對網(wǎng)絡(luò)上流傳的免

費視頻。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入狀語從句的引導詞。由句意可知，此處表示原因，應(yīng)用because/as/since

引導原因狀語從句。故填because/as/since?

[26題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：盡管如此，圖像仍然會泄露出去。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入介詞。根據(jù)句意，此處

指“雖然；盡管”，應(yīng)用介詞despite,置于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Despite。

【27題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及虛擬語氣。句意：如果蘋果的專利被引入iPhone軟件，在舞臺周圍放置紅外發(fā)

射器，這樣的泄漏可能會停止發(fā)生。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入謂語動詞。根據(jù)主句內(nèi)容可知，此處條

件狀語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。主語Apple'spatent與動詞introduce是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。

故填isintroducedo

[28題詳解】

考查代詞。句意：但這項專利也引發(fā)了人們的疑問，即這項技術(shù)將把什么樣的權(quán)力交給意圖更不道德的人。

分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入代詞作賓語。根據(jù)句意，此處指人，應(yīng)使用someone/those作賓語。故填

someone/thoseo

[29題詳解】

考查時態(tài)。句意：考慮到該公司在警方要求侵入用戶設(shè)備時對個人隱私的嚴格支持，蘋果可能只是為這項

技術(shù)申請了專利，這樣其他人就不會使用它。分析句子可知，空格處作謂語。根據(jù)上文可知，”蘋果為這

項技術(shù)申請專利”已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用一般過去時。故填patented。

【30題詳解】

考查動名詞。句意：但誰知道呢，如果它真的打算在未來的操作系統(tǒng)中引入這一功能，攝像機甚至GoPros

的銷售可能會得到急需的提振，因為人們試圖避免使用這種令人望而卻步的軟件。根據(jù)空前的avoid可知，

空格處應(yīng)填入動名詞作賓語。故填using。

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarily

F.extent

G.freezeH.mechanismI.novelJ.subsequentlyK.unstable

ScienceinImages

Oystermushroomsfeatureincuisinesaroundtheworld,buttheyshouldbeoffthemenuforhungryworms—

whichthesedeliciousmushroomswillkillandeat.Nowresearchersfinallyknowhowtheydoit.

Oustermushfoom

AstudypublishedinScienceAdvancesdetailshowoystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstanceto

freezeandgetridofmushroom-eatingroundwormscallednematodes（線蟲）.Themushrooms,whichgrowon

nutrient-poordeadwood,then31thewormsfornutrition.

“Nematodeshappentobethemost32animalsthesemushroomsencounter.SoIthink,33,this

cross-kingdominteractionisveryinteresting,9,saysstudyseniorauthor.

Thestudyteamofgeneticists,biochemistsandbiologistshadpreviouslyfoundthatoystermushroomsrelease

anunidentifiedpoisonoussubstancethatwillsomehow34thewormswithinminutesandcauseachemical

elementtoflowintotheircells,killingthem.This35differsfromthoseusedbyothermeat-eatingmushrooms

andcouldbeuniquetooystermushrooms.

Fortheirnewwork,theresearchersgrewandanalyzedsamplesofthemushroom'stissue,findingnonoticeable

poisonevenwhentheybrokeitup.Theyreasonedthatwhateverwaskillingthewormsmustbeakindof36

compoundthatdisappearsintoairwhendisturbed.Whentheydamagedtheoystermushroomtissueagainand

37analyzedthenearbyair,theyfinallyfoundanervegasthatturnedouttobecontainedwithtiny,

special-shapedstructuresonthemushroomsurface.Whennematodestouchthemushrooms,thesestructures

38theirgas,disturbingtheworms?cellwallstocauseimmobilityanddeath.Thewormisthendigestedbythe

mushrooms.

Beforethisstudy,“weunderestimatedthe39towhichwildmushroomsdefendagainstorconsume

nematodes,“notesNickTalbot,ageneticistatSainsburyLaboratoryinNorwich,England.Thestudydemonstrates"a

very40approach,“headds."Theseorganismsarereallydifficulttoworkon,andDr.Hsuehisshowingthat

youcandosomereallyamazingworkwiththem.^^

【答案】31.B32.C

33.E34.G

35H36.K

37.J38.D

39.F40.1

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。一項研究表明，蛇菇可以利用一種特殊的有毒物質(zhì)冷凍并清除食蘑菇的線蟲。

【31題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：蘑菇生長在營養(yǎng)不良的枯木上，然后吃掉蠕蟲為了獲取營養(yǎng)。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)

填入謂語動詞。根據(jù)空后fornutrition可知，這些蛭菇為了營養(yǎng)吃掉了蠕蟲。根據(jù)句意，此處指“吃；消耗”，

故填consume。故選B。

【32題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：該研究的資深作者說：“線蟲恰好是這些蘑菇遇到的數(shù)量最多的動物。”根據(jù)空前the

most可知，空處應(yīng)填入形容詞。根據(jù)句意，此處指“豐富的；充足的"，故填plentiful。故選C。

【33題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：所以我認為，從進化角度來看，這種跨王國的互動非常有趣。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填

入副詞作狀語。根據(jù)句意，此處指“進化上”，故填evolutionarily。故選E。

【34題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：由遺傳學家、生物化學家和生物學家組成的研究小組此前發(fā)現(xiàn)，蛇菇會釋放一種未知的

有毒物質(zhì)，這種物質(zhì)會在幾分鐘內(nèi)以某種方式冷凍蠕蟲，并導致一種化學元素流入它們的細胞，殺死它們。

根據(jù)空前will可知，空處應(yīng)填入動詞原形。根據(jù)上文oystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstanceto

freeze可知，蛇菇冷凍蠕蟲，故此處指''冷凍"，故填freeze。故選G。

【35題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：這種機制不同于其他食肉蘑菇所使用的機制，可能是牡蠣蘑菇所獨有的。根據(jù)空前This可

知，空處應(yīng)填入名詞作主語。根據(jù)句意，此處指"機制",故填mechanism。故選H。

【36題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：他們推斷，殺死蠕蟲的東西一定是一種不穩(wěn)定的化合物，當受到干擾時會消失在空氣

中。根據(jù)空后compound可知，空處應(yīng)填入形容詞作定語。根據(jù)句意，此處指“不穩(wěn)定的"，故填unstable。

故選K。

[37題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：當他們再次破壞蛇菇組織并隨后分析附近的空氣時，他們最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種神經(jīng)氣體，這

種氣體原來包含在蘑菇表面的微小異形結(jié)構(gòu)中。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填入副詞作狀語。根據(jù)句意，此處

指“隨后"，故填subsequently。故選J。

【38題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：當線蟲接觸蘑菇時，這些結(jié)構(gòu)會釋放氣體，擾亂蠕蟲的細胞壁，導致其靜止不動和死亡。

分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填入動詞作謂語。根據(jù)句意，此處指“釋放”，故填discharge。故選D。

[39題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：在這項研究之前，“我們低估了野生蘑菇抵御或消耗線蟲的程度，”英國諾里奇塞恩斯

伯里實驗室的遺傳學家尼克?塔爾博特指出。根據(jù)空前the以及空后的to可知，空處應(yīng)填入名詞。根據(jù)句意，

此處指“程度”，故填extent。故選F。

【40題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：他補充道，這項研究展示了“一種非常新穎的方法”。根據(jù)空前avery可知，空處應(yīng)

填入形容詞作定語。根據(jù)句意，此處指“新穎的"，故填novel。故選I。

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Inthemiddleof2023,astudyconductedbytheHuthLabattheUniversityofTexassentshockwavesthroughthe

fieldsofneuroscience(神經(jīng)科學)andtechnology.Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople

41tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage,usinga

combinationofartificialintelligence(AI)andbrainimagingtechnology.Thisistheclosestsciencehasyetcometo

42someone'smind.

Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone'ssenseofself.43thisabilitygivesthepatient

greatercontrolovertheirlives.Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthird

parties,a(n)44degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients.TheNeuroRightsFoundation,

basedatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe45

forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.Thepotential46ofdisabledpatientsmakes

thisaparticularlyimportantproblem.

47thisapproach,Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddressthe

risksofneurotechnology.Itnotonlyintroducedanewconstitutionalrighttomental48.butisalsointhe

processofadoptingabillthatbanssellingneurodata,andforcesallneurotechdevicestoberegulatedasmedical

devices,eventhoseintendedforthegeneralconsumer.

Theproposedlegislationrecognizestheintensely49natureofneuraldataandconsidersitasorgan

tissues,whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated.Butthislegislationhasalsofaced50,withlegal

scholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfor

disabledpatients.

WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland51todate,othercountriesare

consideringupdatingexistinglawstofacethenewdevelopmentsinneurotechnologies.

Andwhileitislikelythatthefirstapplicationsofneurotechwillbemedical,future52arelikelyto

involveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.Thegrowing

53ofneurotechnologyinacommercialcontextonlycausesmorelegalconcerns.

Differentpeople,societies,andcultureswilldisagreeonwheretodrawtheline.Weareata(n)54

stageoftechnologicaldevelopment.Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedto

considertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbecomesmore55.

41.A.eagerB.readyC.unwillingD.unable

42.A.clearingB.occupyingC.changingD.reading

43.A.ReducingB.RestrictingC.RestoringD.Requiring

44.A.irrelevantB.uncomfortableC.negligibleD.supportive

45.A.neededB.limitedC.controlledD.denied

46.A.applicationB.weaknessC.impactD.significance

47.A.IncomparisonwithB.InlinewithC.AttheconclusionofD.Atthecostof

48.A.integrityB.conditionC.disorderD.function

49.A.groupB.generalC.physicalD.personal

50.A.interactionB.chanceC.criticismD.defence

51.A.far-reachingB.labor-savingC.short-sightedD.ill-timed

52.A.advancesB.arrangementsC.requirementsD.policies

53.A.confidenceB.availabilityC.membershipD.movement

54A.matureB.initialC.differentD.final

55.A.diversifiedB.genuineC.pressingD.special

【答案】41.D42.D43.C44.B45.A46.B47.B48.A49.D50.C51.

A52.A53.B54.B55.C

【解析】

【導語】本文為一篇說明文。德克薩斯大學HuthLab進行的一項研究在神經(jīng)科學和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域引發(fā)了沖擊波。

恢復交流困難病人的交流能力可以讓病人更好地掌控自己的生活，但它也可以讓其他實體在某種程度上了

解甚至控制病人的生活，因此，隨著腦科學的更多開發(fā)，考慮神經(jīng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用對法律行動的影響變得更加

迫切。

【41題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過人工智能(AI)和腦成像技術(shù)的結(jié)合，無法與外界交流的人的思想和印象首

次被翻譯成連續(xù)的自然語言。A.eager渴望的；B.ready準備好的；C.unwilling不愿意的；D.unable不能夠

的。根據(jù)aweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguagew和下文**Losingtheabilitytocommunicatew可知,

空處修飾people,此處表示一些人無法與外界交流，他們的想法被翻譯成語言。故選D項。

[42題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是迄今為止最接近讀心術(shù)的科學方法。A.clearing清理；B.occupying占據(jù)；

C.changing改變；D.reading看透(心思或想法)、讀懂。根據(jù)上文“Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressions

ofpeople__1___tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage”可知，

有交流困難的人的想法被翻譯成語言，這是一種解讀大腦思維的方法。故選D項。

【43題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：恢復這種能力可以讓病人更好地掌控自己的生活。A.Reducing減少；B.Restricting

限制；C.Restoring恢復；D.Requiring要求。根據(jù)“givesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.及前文

**Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone'ssenseofself."可知，有的人無法交流，恢復這種能力

能讓病人更好的生活。故選C項。

【44題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但它也可以讓其他實體，如公司、研究人員和其他第三方，在某種程度上了

解甚至控制病人的生活。A.irrelevant不相關(guān)的；B.uncomfortable不舒適的；C.negligible微不足道的；D.

supportive支持的。根據(jù)“Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthird

parties"及adegreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients"可知，解讀大腦雖然可以給病人

帶來好處，但是也會在讓他們不舒適的程度上控制他們的生活。故選B項。

【45題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：位于紐約哥倫比亞大學的神經(jīng)權(quán)利基金會(NeuroRightsFoundation)認為，所有人

都需要圍繞神經(jīng)技術(shù)賦予新的權(quán)利，以保護自己的隱私、身份和自由意志。A.needed需要；B.limited限制；

C.controlled控制；D.denied否認。本艮據(jù)unewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbew及uforallhumans

topreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.可知，需要圍繞神經(jīng)技術(shù)賦予新的權(quán)利，以保護自己的隱私、

身份和自由意志。故選A項。

【46題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意