2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國甲卷）

2024甲卷絕密★啟用前2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國甲卷）英語考生注意：1.答題前，請務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆分別填寫在試題卷和答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。2.答題時(shí)，請按照答題紙上“注意事項(xiàng)”的要求，在答題紙相應(yīng)的位置上規(guī)范作答，在本試題卷上的作答一律無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt? A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wherearethespeakersgoing?A.Anewrestaurant. B.Aconveniencestore. C.Theiroffice.2.WhenistheclasspresentationaccordingtoVicky?A.OnThursday. B.OnWednesday. C.OnTuesday.3.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tochecktheprice. B.Tomakeanapology. C.Tocancelherorder.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Bossandemployee. C.Salespersonandcustomer.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirmovetoanewplace. B.Tom’sfriendsatschool. C.Asportscenter.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthegirltellherdad?A.Shedecidestoquitcollege.B.Sheworriesaboutheracademicability.C.Sheisunpopularwithherclassmates.7.Howdoesthefatherhelphisdaughter?A.Bytellingafunnyjoke. B.Bysharinghisownstory. C.Byplanningaschooltour.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whoistheman?A.Aresearcher. B.Abirdwatcher. C.Aradiohost.9.Whendobirdssingquieter?A.Onweekendmornings. B.Duringrushhours. C.Inearlyevenings.10.WhatisDr.Zollingergoingtodonext?A.Summarizeherstudies. B.Playsomerecordings. C.Answermorequestions.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WherewasJenaborn?A.InCanada. B.InJapan. C.InAustralia.12.HowoldwasMikewhenheleftGlasgow?A.Five. B.Six. C.Ten. 13.WhatdoweknowaboutMike’sparents?A.Theyenjoylivingabroad.B.Theyfirstmetattheageof20.C.Theywillstarttheirowncompany.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhatisthefirstquestiontoMr.Greenabout?A.Hisadventureinspace. B.Hisphysicalcondition. C.Hisdoctor’sadvice.15.HowdoesMr.GreenfeelabouttravelingtoMars?A.It’sunlikelytohappen.B.It’sphysicallydemanding.C.It’sachancenottobemissed.16.WhichisMr.Green’sfavoritemovie?A.Apollo13. B.BlueEarth. C.SpaceStation.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Givingareport. B.Introducingamusicalplay. 18.Whatarethestudentsexpectedtodo?A.Carryschoolflags. B.Wearfunclothes. C.Designfancymasks.19.Wherecantheparentsstandandwatch?A.Onthesidewalk. B.Ontheplayground. C.Infrontoftheoffice.20.Whatshouldthestudentsdoiftheydon’ttakepart?A.Lettheirteacherknow. B.Stayinthelecturehall. C.Dosomereading.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEachARTSFIRSTfestivalisauniqueannualcelebrationoftheHarvardcommunity’sartisticcreativity.WeinviteyoutojoinusforthecomingARTSFIRST.WelookforwardtowelcomingyouasweshowcasethecreativityoftheHarvardartscommunitythroughperformances,artexhibitionsandart-makingactivities.ThefestivalisapubliceventforHarvardandcommunitymembersofallages.LightAwashinWatercolorLearnaboutthematerialsandqualitiesofwatercolorpaintwithexpertsfromtheHarvardArtMuseumsMaterialsLab.TryyourhandatsomeofthepaintingtricksusedbyartistswhoseworkswillbeintheupcomingexhibitionofAmericanWatercolors,1880–1990:IntotheLight.SpinelessArtists:InvertebrateCreativityFromwebstococoons,invertebrates(無脊椎動物)createsomeofnature’smostdelicateandbeautifuldesigns.JoinJavierMarinfromtheHarvardMuseumofNaturalHistorytolearnhowinsectsandotherinvertebratesdance,inspirefashionandcreateart,whilemakingyourownspinelessartistsoutofcraft(手工藝)materials.WheelThrowingJoininstructorsfromtheCeramicsProgramandgreatpottersfromQuincy,CabotandMatherHousesfordemonstrationsusingthepotter’swheel.Thencreateyourownmasterpiece!KnittingandPom-PomMakingJointheHarvardUndergraduateKnittingCircletomakepom-pomsandtasselsoutofthread,orpickupapairofneedlesandlearntoknit(編織).21.WhatdoweknowaboutARTSFIRST?A.Itisanexhibitionofoilpaintings. B.Itoffersartcoursesforallages.C.Itpresentsrecreationalactivities. D.Itisamajortouristattraction.22.Whichprogramwillyoujoinifyou’reinterestedindrawingpictures?A.LightAwashinWatercolor. B.SpinelessArtists:InvertebrateCreativity.C.WheelThrowing. D.KnittingandPom-PomMaking.23.WhatcanyoudotogetherwithJavierMarin?A.Practiceatraditionaldance. B.Makehandcrafts.C.Visitalocalmuseum. D.Feedinvertebrates.BAnimalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou’reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother’sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That’swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon’tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat’sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit’sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!24.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats’meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sasurvivalskill. B.It’staughtbymothercats.C.It’shardtointerpret. D.It’sgettinglouderwithage.25.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds. B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells. D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase“take...upanotch”inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat’sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthyCTheSaintLukastraindoesn’tacceptpassengers—itacceptsonlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(鄉(xiāng)村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions.“Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,”saysEmileDucke,aGermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwo-weektripinNovemberthroughthevastregions(區(qū)域)ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctors’appointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補(bǔ)給).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”28.HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?A.Itrunsacrosscountries. B.Itreservesseatsfortheseniors.C.Itfunctionsasahospital. D.Ittravelsalongariver.29.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?A.Itisheavilypopulated. B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C.Itisamoderncity. D.Itneedsmedicalaid.30.HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?A.Aboutayear. B.AbouttenmonthsC.Abouttwomonths. D.Abouttwoweeks.31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful.C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.D“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(懸疑小說).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat’sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—butitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.32.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?A.Todiscussanovel. B.Tosubmitabookreport.C.Toargueforawriter. D.Toaskforareadinglist.33.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingProf.Gracie?A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacters.C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueending.D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.34.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?A.Itsatisfiesreaders’taste. B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.C.Itisusuallypositive. D.Itisopenforimagination.35.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whatismoderation(適度)?Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.36Butitdoesn’tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.Takeyourtime.It’simportanttoslowdownandthinkaboutfoodassomethingnutritiousratherthanjustsomethingtoeatinbetweenmeetings.37Itactuallytakesafewminutesforyourbraintotellyourbodythatithashadenoughfood,soeatslowlyandstopeatingbeforeyoufeelfull.Eatwithotherswheneverpossible.Eatingalone,speciallyinfrontoftheTVorcomputer,oftenleadstomindlessovereating.Andbecarefulaboutthefoodsyoukeepathand.It’smorechallengingtoeatinmoderationifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.38Controlemotional(情緒的)eating.39Manyofusalsoturntofoodtodealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,loneliness,orboredom.Butbylearninghealthierwaystomanageemotions,youcanregaincontroloverthefoodyoueatandyourfeelings.40Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陳代謝),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14–16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou’remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.A.Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B.Wedon’talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C.Don’tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D.Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon’tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Oneday,wehadafamilydinner.Whiletheadultswerebusywiththeirserioustalkoutside,Iwasleftaloneinthe41tohelpmygrandmotherwashdishes.42mygrandmotherwouldtellmestoriesaboutherchildhood.BornjustbeforeWWII,mygrandmother43anentirelydifferentchildhoodlifestylefrommine.Shedidnothaveachancetogoto44.Likeintypicalfamilies,whereboyswere45muchmorethangirls,mygrandmahadtostayathometodo46.Theonlyopportunity(機(jī)會)shecouldseizeto47waswhenherbrotherwashavingChinese48withthefamilytutor.Shewouldsitquietlyatthefarendofthelongdinnertable,listening49.ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequite50,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.Onmostweekends,mygrandmother,ayounggirlthen,andherbrotherwouldgotothe51.There,whiletheywatchedallactiongoingonaroundthem.ThisissomethingI53—herabilitytoopenher54underwaterandstillsitcomfortablyontheseabed.Mychildhoodisquite55comparedwithhers.Iam56thatIdidnotneedto57thehardshipslikeshedid.I’veneverfacedtheproblemof58.Iguessourdifferentchildhoodbackgroundiswhatmakesmygrandmothersuchanamazingpersonto59to:herstoriesalwaysmakemyhistorytextbooks60.41.A.sittingroom B.kitchen C.yard D.dininghall42.A.Asalways B.Bytheway C.Forexample D.Hereandnow43.A.adjusted B.promoted C.achieved D.experienced44.A.work B.school C.court D.press45.A.favored B.tolerated C.trusted D.acknowledged46.A.gardening B.homework C.business D.housework47.A.exercise B.study C.explore D.teach48.A.food B.guests C.lessons D.tea49.A.closely B.directly C.nervously D.freely50.A.professional B.awkward C.simple D.practical51.A.market B.mountain C.beach D.class52.A.secret B.breath C.view D.tongue53.A.admire B.notice C.adopt D.value54.A.hands B.mouth C.eyes D.arms55.A.difficult B.complex C.happy D.similar56.A.grateful B.surprised C.convinced D.regretful57.A.reflectupon B.gothrough C.askabout D.preparefor58.A.unemploymentB.healthC.education D.communication59.A.attend B.refer C.lead D.talk60.A.cometrue B.comeround C.comeout D.comealive第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend61(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare62(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遺產(chǎn)).Howdidthenationalparksystemcomeabout?Onacool,starrynightinmid-September1870,fourmenrelaxedbeforeacampfirealongtheFireholeRiverin63isnownorthwesternWyoming.They64(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.Whatshould65(do)withsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.Thisarea,with66(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreserved67allpeopleofthenationtoenjoy—asanationalpark.Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe68(complete)oftheirjourney.Theirpromotionalworkpaidoff.Twoyearslater,18yearsbeforeWyomingbecameastate,YellowstonebecamethefirstnationalparkintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Yellowstonewasthe69(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,70becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.