中考英語語法沖刺

專題七：賓語從句考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練

一.賓語從句的種類

賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，

或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。

1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語

和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：

Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.

Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.

2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,

why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當

某個成分。例如：

Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.

3.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

例如：

Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.

二.賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：

Ihear(that)physicsisn'teasy.

Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?

Pleasetellmewhenwe'llhavethemeeting.

三.賓語從句的時態(tài)

1.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什麼時態(tài)就用什麼時態(tài)。例

如：

Idon'tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswhereheis.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?

2.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)(一般

過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時)。例如：

Heaskedwhattimeitwas.

Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.

HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.

3.如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：

OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.

【演練】

1.Doyouknowduringthecomingsuminerholiday?

A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdo

C.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid

2.1wanttoknow.

A.whatishisnameB.what'shisname

C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis

3.DoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?

A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which

4.Jimdoesn'tunderstand?

A.whichisthewaytothemuseum

B.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping

C.whatisthewaytothemuseum

D.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping

5.?Couldyoutellmesheislookingfor?

A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which

6.Mr.Kingdidn'tknowyesterdayevening.

A.whendoeshissoncomehome

B.whenhissoncomeshome

C.whendidhissoncomehome

D.whenhissoncamehome

7.Couldyoutellmethebikethismorning?

A.howdoeshemendB.howhemends

C.howhemendedD.howdidhemend

8.—Fmwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?

—Usuallyitcomesby4:00.

A.howB.whereC.whenD.what

9.?Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?

--Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It'snexttoahospital.

A.howwecangettothepostoffice

B.howcanwegettothepostoffice

C.howgettothepostoffice

D.howcouldwegettothepostoffice

10.—CanIhelpyou?

…Yes.TdlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetake

there?

A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwill

C.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit

11.Hewantedtoknow.

A.whetherhespeaksatthemeeting

B.whenthemeetingwouldstart

C.whathe'sgoingtodoatthemeeting

D.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld

12.…CouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden?

?一Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.

A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisit

C.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit

13.Wouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?

A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhat

C.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat

14.Youcan'timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmas

presents.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

15.1wanttoknowyouwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.

A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether

16.…Couldyoutellme?

-Sorry,Idon'tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.

A.whatdoeshesayatthemeeting

B.whatdidhesayatthemeeting

C.whathesaysatthemeeting

D.whathesaidatthemeeting

17.—Couldyoutellmelastnight?

-Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.

A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoing

C.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing

18.Theteacheraskedthestudents.

A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs

B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn

C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers

D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted

19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.

A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhad

C.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad

20.It'suptoyoutodecideyou'llgothere,byairorbyroad.

A.howB.whyC.thatD.when

專題八：狀語從句的考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練

【名師點睛】

用來修飾主句中的動詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀

語從句可分為時間狀語從句，地點狀語從句，條件狀語從句，原因狀語從句，

結(jié)果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。

1.時間狀語從句

(1)時間狀語從句常用when,as9while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas

等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如:

Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.

Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.

Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.

HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.

Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.

(2)在時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀

態(tài)。例如：

UliringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.

Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.

Hewon'tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.

(3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里，如果主句用肯定

式，其含義是“一直到……時”，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用

否定式，其含義是“直到……才……”，"在……以前不……”，謂語動詞可用

瞬間動詞。例如：

Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.

Let'swaituntiltherainstops.

Wewon'tstartuntilBobcomes.

Don'tgetoffuntilthebusstops.

2.條件狀語從句

(1)條件狀語從句通常由if,unless引導(dǎo)。例如：

Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?

Don9tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.

(2)在條件狀語從句里，謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例

如：

VIIhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.

Hewon'tbelateunlessheisill.

(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陳述句”在意思上相當于一個帶有條件狀語從句的

復(fù)合句。例如：

Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.

=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.

Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.

=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

3.原因狀語從句

(1)原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as引導(dǎo)。例如：

Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.

Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.

Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,Filasksomeoneelse.

(2)because表示直接原因，語氣最強。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在

主句之后?；卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題，只能用becauseoAs和since語氣較

弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在

句首。例如：

-----Whyaren'tgoingthere?

.......BecauseIdon'twantto.

Ashehasnocar,hecan'tgetthereeasily.

Sincewehavenomoney,wecan'tbuyit.

(3)because和so不能同用在一個句子里。

4.結(jié)果狀語從句

(1)結(jié)果狀語從句由so...that,such...that,sothat引導(dǎo)。例如：

Heissopoorthathecan'tbuyabikeforhisson.

Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.

Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn'tseeit.

(2)so...that語such...that可以互換。例如：

在由so.??that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其

結(jié)構(gòu)是：“…so+形容詞(副詞)+that+從句例如：

Hewassogladthathecouldn'tsayaword.

Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.

Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.

在由such...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的

可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容

詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如:

Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.

Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.

Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-terin.

有時上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如：

Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.

=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.

（3）如果名詞前由many,much,little,few等詞修飾時，只能用so,不用sucho

例如：

Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.

Hehassolittletimethathecan'tgotothecinemawithyou.

5.比較狀語從句

比較狀語從句通常由as…as,比較級+than…等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：

TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.

Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.

6.目的狀語從句

⑴目的狀語從句通常由sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)。例如：

Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.

Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.

Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.

（2）sothat既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從

句的辦法有兩個：1）目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,

might等。2）從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如：

Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.（目的狀語從句）

Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.（結(jié)果狀語從句）

7.讓步狀語從句

⑴讓步狀語從句通常由although,though等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.

AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.

(2)although(though)不能用在同一個句子中。例如：

我們不能說：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.

應(yīng)該說：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout?或Itwasraining

hard,buthestillwentout.

8.地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句常常由where來引導(dǎo)。例如：

Gowhereyoulike.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

【演練】

單項填空

1.he'sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.

A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So

2.—Doyouknowifhetoplaybasketballwithus?

?一Ithinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.

A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe

3.Inthezooifachildintothewaterandcan'tswim,thedolphinsmay

comeuphim.

A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelp

C.willfall;helpD.falls;helping

4.1don'trememberheworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.

A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who

5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunttovisitustomorrow.

A.coniesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming

6.Thepoliceaskedthechildrencrossthestreetthetraffic

lightsturnedgreen.

A.not;beforeB.don't;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after

7.1waslateforclassyesterdaytherewassomethingwrongwithmy

bike.

A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because

8.I'llgoswimmingwithyouifIfreetomorrow.

A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was

9.Intheexam,theyouare,themistakesyouwill

make.

A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewest

C.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less

10.Youshouldfinishyourlessonsyougoouttopaly.

A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while

11.1hurriedIwouldn'tbelateforclass.

A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless

12.Whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkyouhaveany

questions.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though

13.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceallthestudentscouldhearhim.

A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder

14.Hetookoffhiscoathefelthot.

A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since

15.Itisthatwe'dliketogooutforawalk.

A.alovelydayB.toolovelyaday

C.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday

16.Maryhadmuchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.

A.suchB.soC.tooD.very

17.Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.

A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif

18.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.

A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As

19.wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.

A.SolongasB.Inorderthat

C.NomatterhowD.Themoment

20.WritetomeassoonasyoutoBeijing.

A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got

練習(xí):

Differentthingsusuallystandfordifferentfeelings.Red,forexample,isthe

coloroffire,heat,bloodandlife.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.

Theyassociate（使發(fā)生聯(lián)系）redwithastrongfeelinglike1.Redisusedforsigns

of2,suchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.Orangeisthebright,warmcolorof3

inautumn.Peoplesayorangeisa4color.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.

Yellowisthecolorof_5_.Peoplesayitisacheerfulcolor.Theyassociate

yellowtoo,withhappiness.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassin_6_,Peoplesayit

isarefreshingcolor.Ingeneral,people_7_twogroupsofcolors:warmcolors

andcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsarered,orangeand_8_?Wherethereare

warmcolorandalotoflight,peopleusuallywanttobe_9_?Thosewholiketo

bewith_10_likered.Thecoolcolorsare_11_andblue.Wherearethese

colors,peopleareusuallyworried.Somescientistssaythattimeseemsto_12_

moreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolors.Theysuggestthatawarmcolorisa

good_13_foralivingroomora_14_.Peoplewhoarehavingarestorare

eatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.—15colorsarebetterforsomeofficesif

thepeopleworkingtherewanttimetopassquickly.

1.A.sadnessB.angerC.AdministrationD.smile

2.A.roadsB.WaysC.dangerD.places

3.A.landB.leavesC.grassD.mountains

4.A.livelyB.darkC.noisyD.frightening

5.A.MoonlightB.lightC.sunlightD.stars

6.A.summerB?springC.autumnD.winter

7.A.speakB.sayC.talkabout