2024年中考英語(yǔ)二輪專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)介詞課件（含2023中考真題）

2024中考英語(yǔ)二輪專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)含2023中考真題介詞考點(diǎn)1時(shí)間介詞1.at,on和in介詞用法舉例at用于具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)前at9o'clock在9點(diǎn)用于節(jié)日名稱前atChristmas在圣誕節(jié)，attheSpringFestival在春節(jié)用于一些固定搭配中atnoon在中午，atnight在夜里on用于具體某一天、星期幾和含有Day的節(jié)日前onMay1st在5月1日，onMonday在星期一，onChildren'sDay在兒童節(jié)用于具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上前 onacoldnight在一個(gè)寒冷的晚上，onMondaymorning在星期一早上，onthenightofMay2nd在5月2日的晚上續(xù)表介詞用法舉例in用于世紀(jì)、年、月、季節(jié)前inthe21stcentury在21世紀(jì)，inJanuary在1月，inspring在春天用于泛指的上午、下午、晚上前 inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上【注意】在this，that，last，next，every等詞的前面不能再加介詞。如：Iwokeupat6o'clockthismorning.今天早上我6點(diǎn)鐘醒來(lái)。口訣一：點(diǎn)用at，段用in，日子前面加個(gè)on?？谠E二：in在年月季節(jié)前，on在星期日子前，at放在鐘點(diǎn)前，早晚下午要用in，夜晚正午要用at，前有修飾要用on，of前面on代in。練(1)ChinalaunchedShenzhou-16mannedspaceshipsuccessfully______May30th,2023.2023年5月30日，中國(guó)成功發(fā)射了神州十六號(hào)載人飛船。(2)SpaceDayofChinafalls______Aprileveryyear.中國(guó)航天日在每年的四月份。(3)______Saturdaymorning,Iusuallygetup______10：00.在星期六早上，我通常10點(diǎn)起床。oninOnat2.since和for(1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意為“自從……”，用于說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間。例IhavelearnedEnglishsincetenyearsago.我10年前就開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(2)for+時(shí)間段，意為“已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”，用于說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí)間（2021.67），常用來(lái)回答由howlong引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句。例Ihavelivedhereforsixyears.我住在這兒已經(jīng)6年了。練—HowlonghasWilliambeenavolunteer？威廉做志愿者多久了？—________10years.有10年了?！咀⒁狻縮ince和for多與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。3.after和in（1）after意為“在……之后”，后接時(shí)間段或時(shí)間點(diǎn)。after+時(shí)間段=時(shí)間段+later，用于過(guò)去時(shí)。after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，用于過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)。For例Hereturnedafteramonth.=Hereturnedamonthlater.一個(gè)月后他回來(lái)了。練①He______backaftereighto'clocklastevening.他昨天晚上8點(diǎn)后回來(lái)的。②He____________backafterteno'clockthisevening.他將在今天晚上10點(diǎn)后回來(lái)。camewillcome（2）in+時(shí)間段，表示“在……之后”，用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)，常用來(lái)回答由howsoon引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句。例PleaseturnontheTV.CCTVNewswillbegininfiveminutes.請(qǐng)打開電視?！缎侣劼?lián)播》將在5分鐘后開始。練—Howsoonwillyourfathercomeback？你爸爸多久后回來(lái)？—________fivedays.5天后。In4.其他時(shí)間介詞(1)before:①before+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意為“在……之前”。例Iwillgobacktoseeyoubeforeteno'clock.我將在10點(diǎn)前回來(lái)看你。②表次序，意為“在……之前；先于”。例Weshouldwashourhandsbeforeeating.在吃東西前我們應(yīng)該先洗手。(2)by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意為“到……的時(shí)候”，常與完成時(shí)連用。例Hehasreadabout30pagesofthebookbynow.到現(xiàn)在為止他已經(jīng)讀了這本書大約30頁(yè)。練Bythetimehewasfifteenyearsold，he_______________chessallbyhimselfforeightyears.到15歲的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)自學(xué)象棋8年了。(3)during+時(shí)間段，意為“在……期間”。例Duringthosethreeyears,heworkedveryhard.在那3年里，他非常努力地工作。hadlearned（4）from意為“從……（時(shí)間）起”，常與to連用。例MyfathergoestoworkfromMondaytoFriday.從星期一到星期五，我的爸爸都要上班。練Themeetingwilllast______eight____tenthismorning.今早的會(huì)議將從8點(diǎn)持續(xù)到10點(diǎn)。fromto()1.ThreeShenzhouXVheroessuccessfullycamebacktotheEarth_______June4,2023.(2023遼寧沈陽(yáng)改編）A.at B.on C.inB()2.—Whatareyouusuallydoing_______aquartertoeightinthemorning?—Generally,Iamhavingmybreakfastathome.(2023湖南常德改編）A.at B.on C.in()3._______winningtheprize,shebecamefamousovernight.A.After B.During C.BeforeAAinonatforfromsincebefore4.TheearthquakeinTurkey(土耳其)happened________February6,2023.(2023湖南懷化改編）5.ThePeople'sRepublicofChinawassetupon1stOctober1949.PeoplehavecelebratedtheNationalDay________then.(2023湖南永州改編）onsince6.________spring,thedaysareoftenwindyandbright.It'saperfecttimetoflyakite.7.Ihavehadthebike________threeyears.8.Shethoughtforawhile________replying.Inforbefore考點(diǎn)2方位介詞1.in和at(1)in+大地點(diǎn)，如國(guó)家、省份等。例inChina在中國(guó)，inLondon在倫敦(2)at+小地點(diǎn)，如超市、車站、游泳池等。例atthesupermarket在超市，atthebusstation在公交車站練(1)TomandJanewillmeet________theairport.湯姆和簡(jiǎn)將會(huì)在機(jī)場(chǎng)碰面。(2)Thenumberthirteenmeansbadluck________Westerncountries.數(shù)字13在西方國(guó)家意味著不幸。atin2.in,on和to(1)in表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的某方位(屬于該范圍)。例ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中國(guó)的東部。(2)on表示與某地是毗鄰關(guān)系(兩地接壤)。例MongolialiesonthenorthofChina.蒙古位于中國(guó)的北面。(3)to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位(不屬于該范圍，也不接壤)。例JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中國(guó)的東面。練(1)HunanProvinceis______thesouthofHubeiProvince.湖南在湖北的南面。(2)DongtingLakeis______thesouthofChina.洞庭湖在中國(guó)的南部。(3)Australialies______thesouthofChina.澳大利亞位于中國(guó)的南面。oninto3.on,over和above;under和below【注意】表示溫度時(shí)要用above和below。例abovezero零度以上,belowzero零度以下練(1)Thereisanapple______thetable.桌上有一個(gè)蘋果。(2)Herskirtreachesjust________herknees.她的裙子剛到膝蓋下。onbelow(3)Thegreatbirdhoveredhigh______ourheads.那只大鳥在我們頭頂高處盤旋。(4)Thereisabridge______theriver.河上有一座橋。(5)Wesailed______theGoldenGateBridge.我們?cè)诮痖T大橋下航行。(6)Thetemperaturesremained______freezingallday.氣溫整天保持在冰點(diǎn)以下。aboveoverunderbelow4.infrontof和inthefrontof(1)infrontof表示“在……的前面(范圍外)”。例Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.在教室前面有一些樹。(2)inthefrontof表示“在……的前面(范圍內(nèi))”。例Theteacher'sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.講臺(tái)在教室的前面。練(1)Thebusdriversits______________me.Heisdrivingcarefully___________________thebus.公交車司機(jī)坐在我的前面。他坐在公交車的前面小心翼翼地開車。(2)Inclass,myartteacherlikestostand_________________theclassroomandmymathteacheroftenstands____________theteacher'sdesk.在課堂上，我的美術(shù)老師喜歡站在教室的前面，我的數(shù)學(xué)老師經(jīng)常站在講臺(tái)前面。infrontofinthefrontofinthefrontofinfrontof5.between和among(1)between表示“在(兩者)之間”，常與and連用。例Thereisachairbetweenthedeskandthebed.書桌和床之間有一張椅子。(2)among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之間”。例Amongthethreeboys,Tomisthetallestone.3個(gè)男孩中，湯姆是最高的。練(1)Englishiswidelyused_____________countries.英語(yǔ)在各國(guó)之間被廣泛使用。(2)Therestaurantis_____________thebookstore______thesupermarket.這個(gè)飯店在書店和超市之間。6.across和through(1)across表示“(從表面)橫過(guò)；穿過(guò)；越過(guò)”。例Theriveriswide.Wecan'tswimacross.河太寬了，我們游不過(guò)去。amongbetweenand(2)through表示“(從空間內(nèi)部)穿過(guò)；通過(guò)”。例Thebirdflewthroughthewindow.鳥兒飛過(guò)窗戶。練(1)Milliewaswalking__________theforestwhileJackwasswimming___________theriver.當(dāng)杰克正在游過(guò)這條河時(shí)，米莉正在穿過(guò)森林。(2)Aplanecanfly__________theclouds,butitcan'tfly__________theforest.飛機(jī)可以穿過(guò)云層，但是不能穿過(guò)森林。throughacrossthroughthrough()1.Look!Thetrafficlightisgreen.Wecango_______theroadnow.(2023四川遂寧改編）A.across B.above C.below()2.Thepaperfelldown_______thedeskandthewall.A.among B.above C.betweenAC()3.Thetemperatureisusually_______zeroinwinterinHarbin.Youhavetoputonwarmclothes.A.under B.on C.belowCinunderontoatamongthrough4.Sheputherhandsoftly________myshoulderandasked,“What'syourname?”5.Thedoctorpushedhisway________thecrowd.6.Shakespeare'sworkswerepopular________thecommonpeopleinhisday.7.Wehaddinneratarestaurant________Beijing.8.It'ssohot.Wecancoolourselves________thetree.onthroughamonginunder考點(diǎn)3方式介詞1.by，in和on表示交通方式(1)如果交通工具前沒有任何限定詞，用by。例byplane乘飛機(jī)，bybike騎自行車，bycar乘汽車(2)如果交通工具前有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等限定詞修飾，則用on或in。例inthiscar乘坐這輛汽車，onanearlytrain乘坐早班的火車【注意】步行、騎馬、騎自行車均用on。例onfoot步行,onahorse騎馬，onmybike騎我的自行車練（1）I'llprobablycome______mybike.我很可能騎自行車來(lái)。（2）Theboyfollowedthemalltheway______hiscar.男孩一路開車跟著他們。（3）TheytraveledtoChicago______train.他們乘火車去芝加哥。oninby2.with,in，by,on和through表示手段或工具(1)with多用于有形的工具或身體某些部位及器官前。例withapen用鋼筆，withourears用我們的耳朵(2)in表示使用某種語(yǔ)言、聲音或材料。例inEnglish用英語(yǔ)，inaloudvoice用大的聲音，inblueink用藍(lán)墨水(3)by多用于無(wú)形的工具或手段前。在名詞前不加限定詞；若接動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞需變成動(dòng)名詞形式。例bye-mail用郵件，bysingingsongs通過(guò)唱歌(4)on意為“以……方式”，后常接電器、網(wǎng)絡(luò)，多用于固定搭配。例onthetelephone通過(guò)電話/在電話上，ontheradio/onTV通過(guò)收音機(jī)/電視，ontheInternet在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上(5)through意為“以；憑借；因?yàn)?；由于”，表示通過(guò)某人、某方式。例throughhardwork通過(guò)努力練（1）Theywerespeaking______Italian.他們?cè)谟靡獯罄Z(yǔ)交談。（2）Whatwillyoubuy______themoney?你會(huì)用這筆錢買什么？（3）Hehasbeen______thecomputerallafternoon.他一下午都在用電腦。（4）Sheearnsherliving______sellinginsurance.她以推銷保險(xiǎn)為生。(5)Iheardaboutit________afriend.我是通過(guò)一個(gè)朋友聽說(shuō)此事的。inwithonbythrough()1.Wehavebeenmuchcloser_______writingletters.(2023湖北宜昌改編）A.in B.by C.with()2.DengQingming,anastronautofShenzhou-15,achievedhisdream_______manyyears'hardwork.(2023四川成都A卷）A.without B.in C.throughBC()3.Mymotheroftentellsmeit'simpolitetohitanemptybowl______chopsticks.(2022四川成都A卷)A.in B.on C.withCbyinonwithwithoutthroughto4.Youcangetthereinjust20minutes________car.5.Pleasebecarefulwhenyoucutthemeat________aknife.6.“Letmetellyouasecretaboutit，”hesaidtome________alowvoice.7.IlearnFrench________theInterneteveryday.8.Shelearnedtoplaytheguitar________yearsofpractice.bywithinonthrough考點(diǎn)4其他介詞介詞意義及用法舉例about“大約……”About300studentswanttobevolunteers.大約有300名學(xué)生想成為志愿者?！瓣P(guān)于”，涉及文章、書籍、報(bào)告等有關(guān)內(nèi)容時(shí)，可和on互換Iamreadingabookabout/onHawking.我正在讀一本關(guān)于霍金的書。against“反對(duì)；違背”Theyarestronglyagainsttheidea.他們強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這個(gè)主意。“撞擊；碰著”Tomhithisheadagainstatreeinthedark.黑暗中湯姆的頭撞到了一棵樹上。續(xù)表介詞意義及用法舉例as“作為；以……的身份”Asastudent,weshouldhandinhomeworkontime.作為一名學(xué)生，我們應(yīng)該按時(shí)交作業(yè)。besides“除……之外還有(包含在內(nèi))”WhatlanguagecanyouspeakbesidesEnglish?除了英語(yǔ)，你還會(huì)說(shuō)什么語(yǔ)言？except“除……之外(排除在外)”，是從整體中除去一部分WewilltraveltoBeijingexceptJack.除了杰克，我們都會(huì)去北京旅游。for“為了；供”，表目的I'veboughthimawatchforhisbirthday.我給他買了塊手表作為生日禮物。續(xù)表介詞意義及用法舉例for“給；對(duì)；供”，表對(duì)象、用途It'sabookforchildren.這是一本兒童讀物?！耙?yàn)?；由于”，表原因Guangzhouisfamousforitsdeliciousfood.廣州因它的美食而出名?！耙詭椭?；為了”Letmecarrythatbagforyou.讓我?guī)湍隳媚莻€(gè)包吧。“達(dá)，計(jì)”，表動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度Bakethecakefor40minutes.將蛋糕烘烤40分鐘?！皩?duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)”，用于句型：It's+adj.+forsb.todosth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是怎樣的（強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的特點(diǎn)）Itisimportantforustoformgoodlearninghabits.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣很重要。續(xù)表介詞意義及用法舉例like“像/和……一樣”，常與系動(dòng)詞連用Thatsoundslikeaninterestingstory.那聽起來(lái)像是一個(gè)有趣的故事。of“……的”，表示所屬關(guān)系Tomisafriendofmine.湯姆是我的一個(gè)朋友。用于句型:It's+adj.+ofsb.todosth.某人做某事是……的（表示某人的性格、品質(zhì)等）Itiskindofyoutohelpothers.你幫助別人，真是善良。構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)becauseof,表原因(2019.72)Theyareherebecauseofus.他們是因?yàn)槲覀儊?lái)這里的。off“離開；脫離”Keepoffthegrass.請(qǐng)勿踩踏草地。續(xù)表介詞意義及用法舉例to“向；朝；到；往”，表動(dòng)作的目的地 Shestoodupandwalkedtothewindow.她站起來(lái)，走到窗前?！跋颍唤o；對(duì)”，表動(dòng)作的承受者Hesentpresentstothechildren.他給孩子們寄了禮物。with“和……一起；和；同；跟”，表伴隨(2019.33)Canyougotothemovieswithme？你可以和我一起去看電影嗎？“有；具有；帶有”，表人或物的特征或隨身攜帶(2020.31)Shecamebackwithaletterinherhand.她手里拿著一封信回來(lái)了。without“沒有”Ican'tfinishthetaskwithoutyourhelp.沒有你的幫助，我無(wú)法完成任務(wù)。()1.Thetoyis_______mylittlebrother.Iboughtityesterday.(2023福建）A.for B.from C.byA()2.PleasebringMs.Steentothewelcomeparty_______tellinghersothatshecanbesurprised.(2023湖北武漢改編）A.about B.from C.without()3.—I'mthirsty.I'dlikeaglassoforangejuice.Whataboutyou,Betty?—Ipreferacupoftea_______nothinginit.(2023山東濱州改編）A.to B.for C.withCCaboutasoffortooffwith4.Manythanks________yourgift.Iloveit.(2023河北改編）5.Welcome________Chongqing.Ifyoucome,I'llbegladtobeyourguide.(2023重慶A卷改編）6.Whenhewasyoung,heworked________afurniture（家具）maker.(2023浙江寧波改編）fortoas7.Withtheteachers'help，IhaverealizedI'mnotthecenter________theworldandlearnedtoputmyselfinothers'shoes.8.OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom________asmileonherface.ofwith考點(diǎn)5介詞短語(yǔ)1.介詞與動(dòng)詞的常見搭配askfor要；請(qǐng)求 hearfrom收到……來(lái)信 waitfor等待 learnfrom向……學(xué)習(xí) leavefor前往 payfor付費(fèi)thinkof認(rèn)為；想起 listento聽 dependon依靠；取決于 laughat嘲笑 lookafter照顧 lookfor尋找arrivein/at到達(dá) worryabout擔(dān)心 goby(時(shí)間)過(guò)去(2023.70)2.介詞與名詞的常見搭配ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí) inEnglish用英語(yǔ) byhand用手工 indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中 infact事實(shí)上 ontheleft/right在左/右邊withone'shelp在某人的幫助下inone'slife在某人的生活中attheageof在……歲時(shí)（2020.67）toone'ssurprise使某人驚訝的是3.介詞與形容詞的常見搭配begoodat擅長(zhǎng) beproudof為……驕傲 befullof/befilledwith充滿 beafraidof害怕 bebusywith忙于 bedifferentfrom與……不同bestrictwith對(duì)……嚴(yán)格 befamousfor因?yàn)椤雒鸼elatefor遲到()1.Everyafternoon,heracedtothefrontofthehouse,waiting______thetruck.(2023湖北孝感改編）A.on B.for C.in()2.Asfarasweknow,Chinaisfamous_______theGreatWall.(2023黑龍江綏化改編）A.for B.to C.asBA()3.IhavenomoneyonmebecauseIoftenpay______thingsthroughWeChat(微信).(2022湖北十堰改編)A.to B.for C.byBafteronofforfrominwith4.MyparentsarehappythatIoftenlook______mylittlesisterathome.(2023湖南株洲改編）5._____fact,littlehappinessiseverywhereinourdailylife.(2023山東棗莊改編）afterIn6.—Ms.White,IamsadthatIdidn'tpassthetest.—Keeptrying.Successdepends______hardwork.(2023四川自貢改編）7.Pleaseseeyouradvantagesandbefull______confidenceforeverything.(2023湖北宜昌改編）8.AmericanEnglishisalittledifferent________BritishEnglish.?編者按更多介詞辨析及短語(yǔ)歸納可見于《中考高頻詞匯突破》，并建議結(jié)合《早讀本》進(jìn)行記憶。?onoffrom語(yǔ)篇考點(diǎn)專練一、語(yǔ)法選擇主題：涿州暴雨救援“進(jìn)行時(shí)”難度：★★建議用時(shí)：6mins Zhuozhouisacitywithsixriversflowingthroughit.ItwashitbyfloodsfromlateJulytoearlyAugustin2023becauseoftheheavyraininBeijing,TianjinandHebei. BecauseofTyphoonDoksuri(杜蘇芮),manyareasinZhuozhouwerecovered__1__water.()1.A.for B.with C.atBThewaterwassodeepthat__2__firstfloorsoflocalbuildingsweresoaked（浸）.Manylocalpeoplecouldn'tgetoutofthebuildings__3__themselves.They__4__fortherescue（救援）. Inordertomakesurepeople__5__Zhuozhoucouldarriveinthesafeplace,thegovernmentorganizedlotsofrescueeffortsimmediately.()2.A.a B.the C.an()3.A.about B.in C.by()4.A.arewaiting B.willwait C.werewaiting()5.A.to B.on C.inBCCCMoreover,manyrescueteams__6__acrossthecountry,includingtheBlueSkyrescueteamandtheRamunionrescueteam,arrivedinZhuozhoubyAugust2nd.__7__broughtmorethan500boats.Theserescueteamsplayedan__8__roleintherescueefforts.()6.A.against B.from C.like()7.A.They B.Their C.Them()8.A.important B.importance C.importantlyBAATheRamunionteamsaiditbeganrescueworkearly__9__August1st.Usinghelicopters,theteamsaved39peoplewhoweretrapped（被困）__10__floods.Andtheybroughtanother230localpeopletosafetybyusingboats.()9.A.in B.on C.at()10.A.on B.by C.fromBB二、短文填空主題：“背上的兄弟