備考2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能第一部分過(guò)透教材Unit3EnvironmentalProtection新人教版選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

Unit3EnvironmentalProtection一、閱讀理解A[生態(tài)環(huán)保/2024江西南昌一模]Anewstudysuggeststhatpollutionofallkindskillsnearly9millionpeopleworldwideeachyear.Airpollutionfromindustrialprocessesandtheexpansionofcitiesaccountedforabout75％ofthedeaths，researchersfound.Thestudywasbasedonexaminationsofworldwidedeathratesandpollutionlevels.Thestudyseparatedtraditionalpollutantsfrommodernpollutants.Examplesoftraditionalpollutantsareindoorsmokeorwastewater.Modernpollutantsincludeairpollutionfromvehiclesorindustrialactivitiesandpoisonouschemicals.Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide.ButtheyremainamajorprobleminAfricaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Insomecountries，stateprogramstocutindoorairpollutionandimprovementsinsanitation（衛(wèi)生設(shè)備）havehelpedreducedeathrates.InEthiopiaandNigeria，forexample，sucheffortscutdeathsbytwo-thirdsbetween2000and2024，thestudyfound.Modernkindsofpollutionarerisinginmostcountries，especiallydevelopingones，theresearcherssaid.Deathscausedbymodernpollutants—heavymetals，agriculturalchemicalsandcarbonemissions—are"skyrocketing"，saidstudyco-writerRachaelKupka.SheheadstheNewYork-basedGlobalAllianceonHealthandPollution.Kupkasaiddeathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisenby66％since2000."Ninemilliondeathsarealotofdeaths，"PhilipLandrigantoldtheAssociatedPressaboutthestudy’sresults.HeisdirectoroftheGlobalPublicHealthProgramandGlobalPollutionObservatoryatBostonCollegeinMassachusetts."Thebadnewsisthatit’snotdecreasing，"Landriganadded."We’remakinggainsintheeasystuff，andwe’reseeingthemoredifficultstuff—outdoorindustrialairpollutionandchemicalpollution—stillgoingup."Thestudymakesseveralsuggestionsforwaystocutthenumberofdeaths.Theseincludecreatingbetterrecordingandreportingmethodsandstrongergovernmentpoliciestoreducepollutionlinkedtoindustrialactivitiesandvehicleemissions."Weabsolutelyknowhowtosolvepollutionproblems，"saidstudyco-authorRichardFuller."What’smissingispoliticalwill."本文主要講解并描述了一項(xiàng)新的探討，該探討發(fā)覺(jué)每年死于環(huán)境污染的人數(shù)眾多，且現(xiàn)代化污染還在加劇。文章還提到了探討人員的一些相關(guān)看法和提議。【詞語(yǔ)積累】expansionn.擴(kuò)張，擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)大，膨脹accountfor（數(shù)量、比例上）占poisonousadj.有毒的1.Whatcanbelearnedfromthestudyaboutpollution？A.Airpollutionkilled9millionpeoplelastyear.B.Cuttingindoorairpollutionisthebestpolicy.C.TraditionalpollutionisveryseriousinNigeria.D.Traditionalpollutantscauselessdeaththanbefore.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的"Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide"可知，世界范圍內(nèi)傳統(tǒng)污染物造成的死亡人數(shù)在下降，換句話說(shuō)，就是比以前少了，故D項(xiàng)正確。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"skyrocketing"inparagraph3probablymean？A.Improving. B.Increasing.C.Reducing. D.Worsening.解析B詞義揣測(cè)題。由畫線詞后的"deathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisen66％since2000"可知，現(xiàn)代化污染物造成的死亡人數(shù)在上升，故B項(xiàng)與畫線詞在意思上最為接近。3.WhatcanbeinferredfromPhilipLandrigan’swords？A.Itiseasytofightmodernpollution.B.Outdoorairpollutionisdecreasing.C.Modernpollutionstillconcernspeople.D.Itishardtotellthereasonsforpollution.解析C推理推斷題。由第四段中PhilipLandrigan所說(shuō)的話可知，900萬(wàn)的死亡人數(shù)是一個(gè)很大的數(shù)字，且還存在更麻煩的事物——戶外工業(yè)空氣污染和化學(xué)污染還在增加。由其次段第三句話可知，兩者均為現(xiàn)代化污染，所以此處是說(shuō)現(xiàn)代化污染還在加劇。據(jù)此可以推斷，PhilipLandrigan認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代化污染仍在困擾著人們，故C項(xiàng)正確。4.Whatmightbetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows？A.Methodstoreducepollution.B.Thegovernment’sresponsetopollution.C.Suggestionsforindustrialactivities.D.Thedamagecausedbyvehicleemissions.解析B推理推斷題。由最終一段中的"What’smissingispoliticalwill"和行文邏輯可以推斷，最終一段既然提到了現(xiàn)在還缺乏政治意愿，那么接下來(lái)應(yīng)當(dāng)會(huì)講到政策（政府）方面對(duì)污染的回應(yīng)，故B項(xiàng)正確。B[2024安徽六校開學(xué)測(cè)試]This3-milestretchofsandandtidepoolsbeneathafortressof80-footbluffsisaCaliforniatourismposterifthereeverwasone.Nothingdisturbstheperfect，sunnyview，except—onceyounoticethem—microplasticparticles.Butyouhavetolookclose—on-your-hands-and-kneesclose—toseeone.Andonceyoudo，youseeanotherandanother—somanythatyoumaynotthinkofthis，oranybeach，inthesamewayagain.Thesetinypreproductionplasticballsthatmanufacturersmeltdowntoformeverythinghavebeenescapingfactories，containerships，trains，trucksandpublicnoticefordecades.The2-to3-millimetermulticoloredballsareasubset（子集）ofmicroplasticparticleslessthan5millimetersinsize.Microplasticparticlesaccumulatewherewatertakesthem，andthey’vebeenfoundonshorelinesofeverycontinent.MarkMcReynoldsisanenvironmentalscientistwho’snowjoinedaglobalmovementstudyingtheirtrailintotheenvironment.Establishingabaselinecountofthepresenceofmicroplasticparticles—and，morebroadly，anymicroplastics—isthefocusofDrMcReynolds’scientificstudyhere.Chartingthecountandnotingtide，currentandweatherconditionswillshowifamountsareincreasing，andperhapsatwhatrateandwhy.Thatknowledge，hesays，caninformsolutionstoplasticpollutionsuchasregulationoftheiruse."Whatareyoudoing？Pickinguptrash？"asksasteadystreamofbeachwalkerswheneverDrMcReynolds’crewwalksontothebeachandsetsupequipment.TheseareteachablemomentsforDrMcReynolds.Onerecentmorninghetoldsomebeachwalkershowmicroplasticparticlesarebelievedtoabsorbtoxicchemicals，and—becausetheyresemblefisheggs—areeatenbyfishandbirdsandenterthefoodchain.Almostrightontime，aseagullhoppeduptoaplastic-coatedphotoofmicroplasticparticlesandhungrilypecked（啄食）atit.Willhisworkhelpsavetheworld？DrMcReynoldswavesafingeratthatidea，"Iwon’teverusethatword—Iwon’tsavetheworldfromthispollutionproblem.Protectit，yes.Wewanttotakecareofit."微塑料顆粒因?yàn)轶w積小，很久以來(lái)始終被人類忽視，但其實(shí)它們對(duì)地球生物有著極其可怕的影響。為了更好地疼惜地球，環(huán)境科學(xué)家McReynolds以及他的團(tuán)隊(duì)正在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)探討?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】particlen.顆粒meltdown熔化accumulatev.積累，積聚，積累establishv.確定，建立resemblev.看起來(lái)像【熟詞生義】1.escape常用義：v.逃跑文中義：v.被忽視2.chart常用義：n.圖表文中義：v.記錄，跟蹤1.Whatcanweknowaboutmicroplasticparticlesfromparagraph1？A.Theyaretoosmalltobeseen.B.Theyareproductsofplasticballs.C.Theyhavebeenignoredforlong.D.Theycanbemadeintoalmostnothing.解析C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Thesetinypreproductionplasticballs...havebeenescaping...publicnoticefordecades"可知，本題選C項(xiàng)。2.WhatdoesDrMcReynoldsfocusoninhisstudy？A.Classifyingplasticparticlesintosubsets.B.Findingsolutionstoplasticpollution.C.Chartingthetidesandcurrentsofoceans.D.Gettingtoknowthebasicamountsofmicroplastics.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的"Establishingabaselinecount...DrMcReynolds’scientificstudyhere"可知，本題選D項(xiàng)。3.Whatdoesaseagull’speckingatthepictureprove？A.Theinterestingteachablemoments.B.Theharmfuleffectofmicroplasticparticles.C.Thespreadofpoisonouschemicals.D.Thebeautyofthephotoofmicroplasticparticles.解析B推理推斷題。由倒數(shù)其次段的"howmicroplasticparticlesarebelieved...hungrilypecked（啄食）atit"可知，微塑料顆粒會(huì)吸取有毒的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，且因?yàn)樗鼈兛瓷先ハ耵~卵，它們會(huì)被魚類和鳥類吃掉，從而進(jìn)入食物鏈。結(jié)合以上信息不難推知，海鷗的舉動(dòng)正好說(shuō)明白微塑料顆粒的危害，故選B項(xiàng)。4.WhatdoesDrMcReynoldsexpectofhiswork？A.Toinspirethepublic.B.Totestsolutions.C.Topreservetheearth.D.Tosavetheworld.解析C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由最終一段的"Iwon’tsavetheworldfromthispollutionproblem.Protectit，yes.Wewanttotakecareofit"可知，本題選C項(xiàng)。二、完形填空[2024福建福州一測(cè)]Theamountandscale（規(guī)模）ofenvironmentalissuesmayseemtoomuchforordinarypeople.Butwithhardworkanddetermination，anyonecan1greatthings.OnesuchpersonisYinYuzhen.Atayoungage，YinmovedtoInnerMongoliatolivewithherhusbandinthedesert.Shefelt2.Tocheerherselfupandimprovethe3environment，Yinbeganplantingtreestotake4backfromthedesert."Iwouldratherdieof5fromfightingthesandthanbeburiedbyit！"shesaid.Thecouplehadtotravelonfoot，doing6byhand.Atfirst，manytreesdidnotsurvive，7overtheyears，shelearntfromher8，discoveringthebestplantsandmethodstousetosuccessfullyplanta9inthedesert.Overmorethanthreedecades，theyhaveplantedover300，000trees.IthasbeensaidofYin："Sheisasymbolofcourage，patience，and10.Herworkingreeningthedesertdeservesuniversal11."Itiswithoutanydoubt12toseeaclearexampleofhowtheproblemofdesertificationcanbedealtwith.13mayseemsmallandinsignificant，yetovertimethey14togethertobecomegreatachievements.Ajourneyof1，000milesbeginswithasinglestepandthewillto15.Takeyourfirststep.Plantyourfirsttree.殷玉珍年輕的時(shí)候前往內(nèi)蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，為了激揚(yáng)精神、改善艱苦環(huán)境，她和丈夫起先種樹。雖然剛起先樹的成活率不高，但他們漸漸取得了勝利。30多年來(lái)，他們總共種了30多萬(wàn)棵樹。1.A.turn B.storeC.achieve D.promise解析C結(jié)合下文講解并描述的事跡和常識(shí)可知，此處說(shuō)的是"只要努力、有決心，任何人都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)（achieve）宏大的事業(yè)"，故選C項(xiàng)。2.A.lonely B.nervousC.free D.well解析A由空前的"Atayoungage，YinmovedtoInnerMongoliatolivewithherhusbandinthedesert"和常識(shí)可知，一個(gè)年輕姑娘孤身前往內(nèi)蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，應(yīng)當(dāng)會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)（lonely）。3.A.friendly B.changingC.quiet D.tough解析D由常識(shí)和殷玉珍夫婦種樹的舉動(dòng)可知，殷玉珍想變更沙漠里艱苦的（tough）環(huán)境。4.A.air B.landC.food D.energy解析B由常識(shí)可知，在沙漠里種樹是為了從沙漠那里奪回土地（land）。5.A.sickness B.emptinessC.tiredness D.sadness解析C殷玉珍寧可種樹累死（dieoftiredness）也不愿被沙土掩埋。6.A.everything B.somethingC.nothing D.anything解析A殷玉珍夫婦出行靠走，一切事情（everything）都要靠手去做。7.A.or B.andC.so D.but解析D所填詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。8.A.failure B.feelingsC.determination D.dreams解析A殷玉珍從失?。╢ailure）中吸取了閱歷。9.A.garden B.forestC.seed D.crop解析B由"theyhaveplantedover300，000trees"可知，她用最好的植物和方法勝利地在沙漠里種出了一片森林（forest）。10.A.fortune B.honestyC.harmony D.perseverance解析D結(jié)合殷玉珍所做的事可知，本題選D，perseverance表示"毅力，不屈不撓的精神"。fortune命運(yùn)，機(jī)會(huì)；honesty懇切，正直；harmony融洽，和諧。11.A.organization B.truthC.respect D.method解析C由常識(shí)可知，30多年來(lái)靠雙手在沙漠中種出一片森林是值得大家敬重（respect）的。12.A.interesting B.challengingC.relaxing D.inspiring解析D由上文中講到的殷玉珍種樹的故事可以看出，這樣的努力是很激勵(lì)人心的（inspiring）。interesting好玩的；challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；relaxing令人放松的，輕松的。13.A.Actions B.ChoicesC.Promises D.Events解析A行動(dòng)（Actions）可能看起來(lái)微乎其微，無(wú)關(guān)緊要，但隨著時(shí)間的推移，它們結(jié)合（join）在一起，那就是宏大的成就。14.A.stand B.joinC.get D.put解析B參見(jiàn)上題解析。15.A.argue B.surviveC.continue D.believe解析C此處指的是"接著（continue）下去的意志"。三、語(yǔ)法填空[生態(tài)環(huán)保/]InGuatemala，environmentalworkershavesetupasteelnet1adirtyrivertotrytotrapplasticsandotherpollutants.Thetwoendsofthenet2（fix）onthetwosidesoftheriver.TheOceanCleanup，anon-profitgroup3（base）intheNetherlands，isleadingtheeffortontheLasVacasRiverinGuatemalaCity.Theenvironmentalgroupusesthe4（equip）speciallymadetocatchandremovepollutantsfromthewater，5aimistostoptheflowofplasticsandotherpollutionbeforetheyentertheocean.The6（rain）seasoninGuatemalabeginsinMayandlastsforseveralmonths.Levelsofpollutionintheriverarerelativel