高中英語閱讀技巧及練習(xí)

高一英語閱讀理解專講專練八

抓主干，理枝葉

長難句增加，是近年高考閱讀理解試題不可忽視的現(xiàn)象之一。英語的長句可分為兩類：

含有數(shù)量較多的定語或狀語的簡單句和含有數(shù)量較多的各種從句的并列句或復(fù)合句。閱讀長

句的基本方法是抓主干，理枝葉。抓主干就是抓句子的主體部分，也就是主語和謂語，它們

是傳達(dá)信息的主要載體；理枝葉就是分析句子的附加部分，不論它們有多長，有多復(fù)雜，它

們都是輔助成分，我們只要明確它們與主體的關(guān)系就可以了。如：

Themoonissofarfromtheearththatevenifhugetreesweregrowingonthe

mountains,andelephantswerewalkingabout,wecouldnotseethemthrough

themostpowerfultelescopeswhichhaveeverbeeninvented.

這個長句的主干就是Themoonisfarfromtheearth,其他部分，如狀語從句、定

語從句等，都是為突出主題服務(wù)的。

PassageA

閱讀理解

TheWinterOlympics,whichisalsocalledtheWhiteOlympics,werefirstheld

asaseparatecompetitionin1924atChamonixMontBlanc,France.Atthis

time,manycolorfulstampsarepublishedtomarkthegreatgames.Thefirst

stampmarkingtheopeningoftheWhiteOlympicswasissued（發(fā)行）onJanuary

25,1932intheUnitedStatestocelebratethethirdWhiteOlympics.?From

thenon,issuingstampsduringtheWhiteOlympicsbecameatradition.

ToobservethefourthWinterOlympicGames,@agroupofstampswere

publishedinGermanyinNovember,1935.ThefiveringsoftheOlympicswere

printedonthefrontofthesportswear.Itwasthefirsttimethatthesymbol（象

征）appearedonstampsoftheWinterOlympics.

Inthe1950s,thestampsofthiskindbecamemorecolorful.WhentheWinter

Olympicscame,thehostcountriesaswellasthenonhostcountriespublished

stampstomarkthosegames.

ChinaalsopublishedfourstampsinFebruary,1980,whentheChinese

sportsmenbegantomarchintotheareaoftheWhiteOlympics.

JapanistheonlycountryinAsiathathaseverheldtheWhiteOlympics.

Altogether14,500millionstampsweresoldtoraisefunds（經(jīng)費）forthissports

meet.

Differentkindsofsportswereprintedonthesesmallstamps.Peoplecan

enjoythebeautyofthewonderfulmovementsofsomeathletics.

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案:

1.PeoplehavepublishedstampsmarkingtheWinterOlympics.

A.sincethefirstWhiteOlympicsin1932

B.whenthefirstOlympicsgamesstarted

C.sincethethirdWinterOlympicsin1932

D.onthesamedayofthethirdOlympics

2.Fromthepassagewecanseethat.

A.theChinesesportsmenbegantotakepartintheWinterOlympicsin1980

B.itwasin1980thattheChinesebegantopublishstamps

C.theChinesebegantotakepartintheOlympicsgamesinthe1980s

D.ChinaheldtheWinterOlympicsin1980

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.ThethirdWinterOlympicsopenedonJanuary25,1932.

B.Publishingstampsisawayofraisingmoneyforthesportsmeet.

C.InAsiaonlyJapanheldtheWinterOlympics.

D.Inthe1950sallthecountriespublishedstampstomarkthegames.

難句注釋

①ThefirststampmarkingtheopeningoftheWhiteOlympicswasissuedon

January25,1932intheUnitedStatestocelebratethethirdWhiteOlympics.

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為了慶祝第3屆冬季奧運(yùn)會，紀(jì)念其開幕的第一枚郵票于1932年1月25日在美國發(fā)

行。

②toobservethefourthWinterOlympicGames為了慶祝第四屆冬季奧運(yùn)會。

observe意為''舉行；慶?！ā?/p>

PassageB

閱讀理解

Today,rollerskating（旱冰）iseasyandfun,anditispopularthroughoutthe

world.Peoplerollerskateoutsideonpathsandroads,andinsideinrinks.Buta

longtimeago,itwasnteasyatall.Before1750,theideaofskatingdidn

texist.ThatchangedbecauseofamannamedJosephMerlin.Merlin'sworkwas

makingmusicalinstruments.Inhissparetimehelikedtoplaytheviolin.Joseph

Merlinwasamanfullofideasanddreams.Peoplecalledhimadreamer.

OnedayMerlinreceivedaninvitationtoattendafancydressball（化裝舞會）.

Hewasverypleasedandalittleexcited.Asthedayofthepartycamenear,

Merlinbegantothinkhowtomakeagrandentrance（隆重出場）attheparty.He

hadanidea.Hethoughthewouldgetalotofattentionifhecouldskateintothe

room.

Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselffool.@Finally,hedecidedtoput

twowheelsundereachshoe.Thesewerethefirstrollerskates.Merlinwasvery

proudofhisinventionanddreamedofarrivingatthepartyonwheelswhile

playingtheviolin.②

OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.

Everyonewassurprisedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadno

waytostophisrollerskates.Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahuge

mirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingintopieces.

③NobodyforgotMerlinsgrandentranceforalongtime!

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

1.Thetextismainlyabout.

A.astrangeman

B.anunusualparty

C.howrollerskatingbegan

D.howpeopleenjoyedthemselvesinthe18thcentury

2.PeoplethoughtMerlinwasadreamerbecausehe.

A.oftengaveotherssurprisesB.wasagifted（有天賦的）musician

C.inventedtherollerskatesD.wasfullofimagination

3.Merlinputwheelsunderhisshoesinorderto.

A.drawtheguestsattentions,arriveatthepartysooner

C.testhisinventionD.showhisskillinwalkingonwheels

4.Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.

B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.

C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation(超出預(yù)料).

D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.

難句注釋

①Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselffool.

默林嘗試不同的方法使自己看起來有點滑稽。

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②Merlinwasveryproudofhisinventionanddreamedofarrivingatthe

partyonwheelswhileplayingtheviolin.

默林為他的發(fā)明感到非常驕傲，并且夢想滑著輪子演奏小提琴出現(xiàn)在晚會現(xiàn)場。

beproudof因……驕傲

dreamofdoingsth.夢想做某事

(§)Downfellthemirror,breakingintopieces.

鏡子掉了下來，摔成了碎片。

PassageC

閱讀理解

DwightW.MorrowwasanAmericanambassador（大使）toMexicoduringthe

1920s.Heisrememberedasasmartdiplomat（外交家）?①Heisalso

心不在焉）.

Oncewhileonatrain,aconductorcametoMorrow,askingforhisticket.He

begantosearchhispockets.Noticketappeared.Morrowbegansearchinghis

suitcase.''Nevermind,sir/'saidtheconductor,seeinghowanxiousMorrowwas

becomingandtryingtocomfort（安慰）him.''Whenyoufindyourticketjustpost

ittothestation.I'msureyouhaveitsomewhere.z,

''I'msure,too."saidthediplomatashewentonwithhissearch.''ButImust

findit.IneedtoknowwhereI'mgoing!"

AnothertimeMorrowgotoffatraininNewYorkandhurriedtoatelegraph

office,where,feelingnotunlikeasmallboywhohadgotlost,②hesentthe

followingtohissecretary:''IaminNewYorkbutdontknowwhy.〃Within

minutescametheshortreply:''YouarenotsupposedtobeinNewYork.You

shouldbeinPrincetongivingalecture.”

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

1.ThepassagemainlyshowsMorrow's.

A.clevernessasadiplomatB.foolishness

C.senseofhumor（幽默感）D.absentmindedness

2.Morrowwasveryupset（彳:安）whenhecouldntfindtheticket

because.

A.hehadforgottenwherehewasgoing

B.hewouldbepunishedifhecouldntshowhisticket

C.theconductorlookedimpatient（不耐煩的）

D.theconductormightthinkhewaslying

3.WhenMorrowgotoffthetraininNewYork,.

A.heforgottheaddress

B.heforgethissuitcase

C.hedidnotknowthathewasinawrongcity

D.hissecretarywasnttheretomeethim

難句注釋

①Heisrememberedasasmartdiplomat.

在別人的記憶中，他是個精明的外交家。

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②...feelingnotunlikeasmallboywho

hadgotlost...感覺不啻于一個迷路的小男孩……

PassageD

完形填空

''Arobbery（搶劫案）avoicecamefromtheradio.Johnwasdrivinghome

latelastnightfromatrip,andnowhewashavingtroublestaying1?①He

turned2theradioandtriedtofixhisattentiononthe3,buthiseyeskepton

closing.

Itwas4thathenoticedthehitchhiker（搭便車者）bytheroad.?5even

thinkingaboutwhathewasdoing,hestoppedthecar.

''ToMidrille?"''Getin."ThehitchhikergotinandimmediatelyJohnwas6that

hehadpickedhimup.Theyoungman7astrangefaceandlonghair.WhenJohn

askedhimquestionsabouthimself,hechangedthe8.

John9thenews.Hebegantosweat（出汗）andhisthoughts10nervously（緊

張t也）toallthemoneyhewas11.

Atthenextsmalltownhestoppedhiscarandsaid,''Imsorry.Imso12

thatIcantdriveyoutoMidrille.IthinkIIIfinda13andspendthenight."

Theyoungmanslowly14intohispocket.''Thisisit!〃thoughtJohn.Atthat

15momentheconsideredshoutingforhelp,butinsteadofagun,thehitchhiker

pulledoutseveral16.''Oh,no.Idon'twantyourmoney.Justgetout.Okay?"

Theyoungmanlooked17,Heinsistedon18Johnthemoney.Johnwatched

untilhis19haddisappearedfromsight,thensteppedonthe20anddroveout

oftown.?

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

1.A.asleepB.earlyC.strongD.awake

2.A.onB.offC.upD.over

3.A.outsideB.newsC.speedD.way

4.A.thereB.earlierC.thenD.moment

5.A.WithoutB.AfterC.ByD.For

6.A.happyB.sadC.angryD.sorry

7.A.woreB.ownedC.hadD.made

8.A.placeB.subjectC.questionD.face

9.A.rememberedB.thoughtC.heardD.forgot

10.A.gotB.arrivedC.changedD.turned

11.A.payingB.havingC.carryingD.borrowing

12.A.afraidB.hungryC.coldD.sleepy

13.A.restaurantB.shopC.hotelD.station

14.A.reachedB.forcedC.gotD.put

15.A.importantB.veryC.longD.short

16.A.knivesB.photosC.handkerchiefsD.bills

17.A.frightenedB.puzzledC.worriedD.curious

18.A.givingB.offeringC.handingD.returning

19.A.driverB.friendC.passengerD.thief

20.A.doorB.gasC.windowD.motor

難句注釋

①...andnowhewashavingtroublestayingawake.現(xiàn)在他很難保持清醒。

②Itwasthenthathenoticedthehitchhikerbytheroad.

就在那時他注意到馬路邊有個搭便車者。

此句是Itis/was…that…的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

(3)Johnwatcheduntilhispassengerhaddisappearedfromsight,then

steppedonthegasanddroveoutoftown.

約翰一直注視著他的乘客直到他消失在視線之外，然后踩足油門駛出了小鎮(zhèn)。

PassageA

本文介紹了為慶祝冬季奧運(yùn)會的召開，各國常發(fā)行一些紀(jì)念郵票。

1.C.根據(jù)文章的第三句可知。

2.A.中國在1980年第一次參加冬奧會。

3.D.其他三項原文都有提到。

PassageB

本文介紹了滑旱冰這一體育運(yùn)動的由來。

1.C.本文的話題是旱冰運(yùn)動的起源.

2.D.一個充滿夢想的人。

3.A.目的是為了引人注目。

4.C.根據(jù)''NobodyforgotMerlinsgrandentranceforalongtime!”可知

Merlin取得了超出他預(yù)想的成功。

PassageC

本文介紹了一位精明的外交家心不在焉的兩個軼事，從側(cè)面反映其不拘小節(jié)。

1.D.根據(jù)本文所舉的幾個例子可以看出本文主要講Morrow的

absentmindedness。

2.A.從、'IneedtoknowwhereImgoing!”可得出正確答案。

3.C.本文最后一句話表明了這一點。besupposedto…應(yīng)該...

PassageD

本文記敘了John在旅行回家途中讓一個人搭便車，卻誤認(rèn)為他會搶劫而在半路讓其下

車的事。

1.D.stayawake指''保持清醒的狀態(tài)”，下文有暗示。

2.C.開大音量以驅(qū)去睡意。注意收音機(jī)已開。

3.B.收音機(jī)播放有關(guān)搶劫的新聞。

4.C.強(qiáng)調(diào)時間"then",意為''就在那時候”。

5.A.withoutthinking意為''不假思索"。外國人有讓人搭便車的習(xí)慣。

6.D.他立刻覺得后悔了。

7.C.had此處意為''長著……

8.B.subject意為''談話的主題”。改變話題。

9.A.記起了剛才的新聞。

10.D.思想轉(zhuǎn)向身上的錢。

11.C.carry意為''攜帶的"。

12.D.根據(jù)第一小節(jié)中"hewashavingtroublestayingawake”得出sleepy（瞌睡

的）。

13.C.根據(jù)后文的''spendthenight”來推測應(yīng)是找''旅館

14.A.reachintohispocket意為''把手伸進(jìn)口袋”。

15.B.very在