北京市石景山區(qū)高三下學(xué)期一模考試英語試題

2022北京石景山高三一模英語第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題：每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意。從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂UpuntilIwaseightyearsold.Iwasanonlychildinmyfamilyandlifewassweet.ThenalongcameGrant,mylittlebrother,andeverythingchanged.AsGrantgotolder,he___1___thehabitofattachinghimselftomeandIfoundhimtotally___2___.BythetimeIbecameateenager,hewasmy___3___,followingmearound,copyingmyeverymove,andgenerallybeingapest.However,___4___myannoyance,Ibegantoenjoyhimastimewentby.Hewasafunnylittleguy,andIfoundhisheroworshippleasant.Aswegotolder,weestablishedboundariesandalliances(聯(lián)盟),beingmore___5___ofeachother.Grant___6___askingtogoalongondateswithme,andInolongermadefunofhiminfrontofhispeers.Hecheeredmeonatmysoccergames,andI___7___tocoachhisbaseballteam.IwonderedifthetransitionhappenedbecausehebecamelessannoyingandmoreofabuddyorbecauseIbecamemore___8___,moreabletoshare,morereceptivetotheunconditionalloveheoffered.Lookingback,Ihaveetotheconclusionthatmaybeitwasa/an___9___ofboth.Today,GrantandIareateam.Iknowthatwewillalwaysbeclose,ifnotinageordistance,theninthe____10____sharedbybrothers.1.A.developed B.changed C.maintained D.broke2.A.reliable B.annoying C.unique D.disappointing3.A.angel B.guide C.shadow D.enemy4.A.besides B.despite C.beyond D.for5.A.considerate B.critical C.envious D.respectful6.A.missed B.suggested C.stopped D.enjoyed7.A.hesitated B.happened C.pretended D.volunteered8.A.creative B.ambitious C.independent D.patient9.A.innovation B.bination C.limitation D.expectation10.A.hope B.courage C.love D.pride第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空?！癐t’ssocute!”“Iwantone!”Sincesuchpostsspreadonsocialmedia,the2022BeijingWinterOlympicsmascotBingDwenDwen____11____(bee)astaracrosstheglobe.Thelovablepandawearsafullbody“shell”____12____(make)outofice,whichlookslikeanastronautsuit.WiththepopularityoftheOlympicmascot,ithasserved____13____anambassadorforwintersports,bringingjoytothose____14____participatedinandwatchedtheOlympicWinterGames.B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Usually,joyandhappiness____15____(understand)tobethesamething.Infact,they’reverydifferent.Joyisanemotionthatoccurswithinuswhenwedevelopanappreciationorthankfulnessforthecontentsoflife,suchasnature,____16____(free),relationshipswithpeople,orthroughhavingfaithinsomething____17____(large)thanourselves.Happinessisanemotionthatisarousedinuswhenwebuyanewcarorgetapromotionatwork.Itdependsonourcircumstancessatisfyingourdesires.C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheeconomicachievementsoftheTangDynastypromotedthedevelopmentofChinesemedicine.TheTanggovernment____18____(take)theleadinpletingtheeditingworkoftheworld’sfirstherbalmedicinebook,TangBencao.Thebook____19____(contain)850kindsofdrugsandadrugmap,further____20____(improve)thescaleofChinesemedicine.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共11小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AParaglidingisakindofflying,butinsteadofthewingbeingmadeofmetal,woodorplastic,itismadeofnylonorpolyester.Thewingisattachedtoaharnessbylineswhereapilotsits,similartoaparachute.Isitsafe?Paragliding,isassafeassailinganddeepseadiving.Thebigadvantageisthatit’sprobablytheslowestformofaviation,soifyoudocrash,you'llhitthegroundquitegently!It’saveryrelaxingsportasyou'remostlysittingdown.Yet,you’llprobablyexperiencepaininsomemusclesyoudidn’tknowyouhadwhilelearning,butmanyofthosewillbeduetothewalkupthetraininghilltolaunch.WheredoIlearn?Therearelotsofschools,mainlybasedinlandbyappropriatehillsormountains,andtherearealsoschoolsonthecoastnearspectacularcliffs.Theseareveryattractive,thoughtheprospectoflandingintheseaseemstodiscouragebeginners!Ittakessevendaystogetyourbasiclicense;thenyou’refreetoflyindependentlyatsitesacrossthecountry.WhatdoIneed?Pilotsnormallywearwarmclothesincasetheygetveryhighup,andahelmetincasetheystumbleonlanding.Intermsofgear,schoolssupplybasictraining,canopies,harnesses,etc.However,you'llprobablywanttobuyyourownmoresophisticatedequipment,whichyou’llbeabletochoosemuchbetteronceyou’vetriedsomeoutonyourcourse.Whocandoit?There’snoupperagelimitprovidedyourinstructorjudgesyoucapable,buttheyoungestis14.Anybodywithgoodeyesightandgoodbalanceisapotentialparagliderpilot.Flyingaparagliderisagreatsport.Wehopetoseeyouintheairwithusthisseason!21.WhichwouldbethebestheadingforParagraph1?A.Whatisparagliding? B.Whoinventedparagliding?C.Howisparaglidingspecial? D.Whyisparaglidingpopular?22.Accordingtothepassage,paraglidingis____________.A.excitingbuttiring B.safeandrelaxingC.attractivebutexpensive D.fastandchallenging23Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Fitpeopleofanyagecantakeupparagliding.B.Mostparaglidingschoolsaresituatedbythesea.C.Pilotsneedtobuybasicequipmentontheirtrainingcourse.D.Learnerscanflyontheirownafteratleastaweek’straining.BIrememberdrivingtoPalmSpringsfromSanDiegotwoThanksgivingsago.Noneofuspicturedanicyblizzard(暴風(fēng)雪)onourCaliforniavacation,butonehourintothedrive,thefirstsnowflakefell.Myeyeslitup.I’dmissedsnow.Seeingitlandonapricklycactusmademytearswellup.HowIlongedforcoldMinnesota,myhometown.Asthealtituderose,thestormgotfierce.Itwasn’tlongbeforewehadnochoicebuttopullover.Asourcarslidtoastop,Ilookedintothedistance.AlineofcarsaslongastheMississippiRiverwerelinedup.Justthen,acarcamefrombehind,suddenlychangingthedirectiontoavoidhittingourcar.Thedriver,anoldman,slammedonthebrakesandhiscardriftedacrossthepath.Itdidn’ttakeustoolongtorealizehiscarwasawfullyneartheedgeofthemountainandslowlycreepingmoreandmoretowardsthesideofthecliff.Suddenly,10peoplewhoweresittingintheircarsleaptout.Fromthecarwindow,Iwatchedaninspiringscene.Fourpeopletookthechainsthatprotectedtheirtiresofftheircarsandputthemontheoldman’stires.Onepersonshoveledthesnowoutfromhistiresandtriedtobreaktheicewithhisboot.Justastheoldman’scarandallhisbelongingswereabouttobelostofftheedgeofthecliff,peoplesteppedupandlettheirkindheartsoverridethesnowstorm.Thoughitwasminus30degreescentigrade,myheartwasaswarmasever.ThisactofkindnessjustremindedmehowthankfulIamforpeopleandmomentslikethese.24.Whydidtheauthorcrywhenhesawthesnow?AHefeltalittlehomesick.B.Hedislikedthebadweather.C.Hewassurprisedtoseethesnow.D.Hewasanxiousaboutthetrafficdelay.25.Whathappenedtotheoldman'scar?A.Itsbrakingsystemfailed.B.Itwasabouttodropfromthecliff.C.Itranintotheauthor’scar.D.Itlostcontrolduetothesuddenspeeding.26.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethepeopleinvolved?A.Reliableandmodest.B.Kindandeasygoing.C.Braveandcooperative.D.Enthusiasticandambitious.CPsychologiststellusourselfimagedefineswhatwebelievewecanandcannotdo.Eachofusovertheyearshasbuiltupbeliefaboutourselves:Unconsciously,ourpicturesofwhowearehavebeenformedbypastexperiences.Oursuccessesandfailures,whatothershavetoldusandwhatwethinkpeoplebelieveaboutusallhelpformimpressionsofwhatwethinkweare.Becauseselfimageissoimportantinourgrowth,itisimportanttoexamineourconceptsofselfinordertoreachourfullpotential.Changingourselfimageispossible:Somepsychologistssuggestwebegintochangeourselfimagebymentallypicturingourselvesperformingwellatsometask.Sincewepresentlyreacttothingsbasedonourpresentimages,it’ssuggestedthatwereplacethosewithbetterones.Inmanyexperiments,peoplewereaskedtositquietlyforafewminuteseachdayandimaginethemselvesdoingwell.Forinstance,subjectswouldsitandimaginethemselvesthrowingdartsatabull’seyeonatarget.Overaperiodofweeks,theirdartgameimproved.Thishasbeendonewithpeoplewhowantedtoplaychessbetter,throwaballmoreaccuratelyincreasetheirsalesmanshipormusicaltalents,andimprovemanyotherskills.Inmostcases,remarkableimprovementismade.Thepointofchangingselfimageisnottodevelopanimageofourselvesthatisnotreal.Totrytobeesomethingwereallyaren’tisjustaswrongaslivingtheunrealistic,inferiorimagewemayhave.Theaimistofindtherealself,tobringourmentalimagesofourselvesinlinewithourtruepotential.However,itisgenerallyacceptedamongpsychologiststhatmostofusfailtodojusticetoourselves.We’reusuallybetterthanwethinkweare.Anotherimportantpartofchangingselfimageistonotthinkaboutpastmistakes.Don’tletfailuresdoharm.Ourerrorsorhumiliationovermistakesarenecessarystepsinlearning.Itisallrighttomakemistakes.Butwhentheyhavetaughtuswhatwedidwrong,weshouldforgetthemandnotdwellonthem.Sometimeswekeeprememberingourfailuresormistakesandfeelguiltyorembarrassedaboutthem.Weletthemtakeover,andthenwedevelopafear.Itisimportanttohaverealisticexpectationsofourselves.Someofourdissatisfactionmightefromexpectingtoomuchofourselves.Ifwedemandconstantperfectionineverythingwedo,wecanbedisappointedandourpoorselfimagewillcontinue.Ifourgoalistoreachperfection,wearedoomedfromthestart.27.Whichsituationagreeswiththeideaofthepassage?A.Tooutshinehiscolleagues,Joesetsanidealisticgoal.B.Togetalongwithherclassmates,Dorisalwayshumblesherself.C.Tobeeastarplayer,Alexrepeatedlyplaysbackhisfaultsinhismind.D.Towinaspeechcontest,Tinavisualizesherselfspeakingmoreconfidently.28.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph3?A.Toconfirmtheeffectofchangingselfimage.B.Toclarifytheprincipleofchangingselfimage.C.Toproposeanewviewonchangingselfimage.D.Tostresstheimportanceofchangingselfimage.29.Accordingtotheauthor,howshouldweregardourpastmistakes?A.Theyarepartofourgrowth.B.Theyarewarningsforfuture.C.Theyaretoolsforoveringfear.D.Theyarebarrierstoourdevelopment.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.WeAreWhatWeDoB.BetheBestWeCanBeC.WeAreWhatWeThinkWeAreD.WhatWeAreDecidesWhatWeThinkDWhenitestoloweringourcarbonemissions(排放),itseemsthatnothingissimple.Electricvehicles(EVs)actasanexampleofpotentialgreenwash.“Theyseemveryattractiveatfirstsight,”writesTheNextWebinareport.“Whenwelookmoreclosely,itbeesclearthattheyhaveasubstantialcarbonfootprint.”TherareearthmetalsandcostlymineralsincludedasessentialingredientsinEVbatteriesarenotrenewable.What’smore,theirextraction(提煉)isoftenanythingbutgreen.Sothequestionis:isitworthit?JusthowmuchemissionreductioncanEVsjustify?Luckily,alifecycleassessmenthasbeendonetogiveussomeanswers.“Alifecycleanalysisofemissionsconsidersthreephases,”writesTheNextWeb.“themanufacturingphase,theusephase,andtherecyclingphase.”Inthemanufacturingphase,thebatteryistoblame.“EmissionsfrommanufacturingEVbatterieswereestimatedtobe3.2tonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),1/4ofthosefromanelectriccar,13tonsofCO2.Thosewerebiggerthanemissionsfromgascars,10.5tonsofCO2.”Ifthevehiclelifeisassumedtobe150,000kilometers,emissionsfromthemanufacturingphaseofanelectriccararehigherthangascars.”Intheusephase,thesourceofelectricitytheconsumerisusingtopowertheircaresintoplayinamajorway.“Tounderstandhowtheemissionsofelectriccarvarywithacountry’srenewableelectricityshare,considerAustraliaandNewZealand,”continuesthereport.“In2018,Australia’sshareofrenewablesinelectricitywasabout21%.Incontrast,thenumberinNewZealand’swasabout84%.ElectriccaremissionsinAustraliaandNewZealandareestimatedatabout170gand25gofCO2perkmrespectively.Asaconsumer,ourcarisonlyasgreenasourcountry’senergymix.”Finally,intherecyclingphase,welookatvehicledismantling(拆除),vehiclerecycling,batteryrecycling,andmaterialrecovery.“Theestimatedemissionsinthisphase,basedonastudy,areabout1.8tonsforagascarand2.4tonsforanelectriccar.Thisdifferenceismostlyduetotheemissionsfrombatteryrecycling,whichis0.7tons,”showsinthereport.“Whileelectriccarscausemoregreenhousegasemissionsthangascarsdo,it'simportanttonotetherecycledbatteriescanbeusedinsubsequentbatteries.Thiscouldhavesignificantemissionsreductionbenefitsinthefuture.Forpletelifecycleemissions,thestudyshowsthatEVemissionsare18%lowerthangascars.”Sohere’sthetakeaway:EVsaregreener.Maybethey’renotasgreenaswethought.There’scertainlyroomforimprovement.Buttherealchallengeliesinspeedingtheglobalenergytransitiontowardgreenerenergyproduction.31.Whyisalifecycleanalysisofemissionsmade?A.ToillustratetheadvantagesofEVs.B.ToshowhowgascarsoutperformEVs.C.ToweightheenvironmentalimpactofEVs.D.ToexaminetheenergysourcesofgascarsandEVs.32.HowdoestheauthorsupporttheunderlinedstatementinParagraph5?A.Bygivinginstructions. B.Byhighlightingfeatures.C.Bymakingparisons. D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.33.Accordingtothepassage,whatcontributestoEVs’beatinggascars?A.Recyclingofbatteries. B.Overalldrivingdistance.C.Manufacturingtechnology. D.Government’senergypolicy.34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?A.EVsareworthyofthepraisetheyhavereceived.B.EVsarenotsuccessfulfortheirenvironmentaldownsides.C.EVswillnolongerbewidelyacceptedfortheiremissions.D.EVsarenottrulygreenuntiltheirenergysourcesbeegreen.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MovetotheMusicMusichelpsusexercise,butwhydoesithavethiseffect?____35____Thefirstissimple:Musicdistractsus.Whenwelistentoasongwelike,ourbrainpaysattentiontothemusic.Forexample,afterweexercisefor20minutes,ourbodymightbetired.Butwemaynotfeelthisimmediatelywhilelisteningtomusic.Soweexercisealittlelonger.Musicalsomotivatesus.Whenweheardancemusic,forexample,wenaturallystarttomovetothebeat.Anupbeatsongalsoputsusinagoodmood,sowefeelhappier.Thisgivesusenergyandhelpsusexerciselonger.____36____Songsintherangeof120140beatsperminute(BPM)arethebest,sayssportspsychologistDr.CostasKarageorghis.____37____.ItsleadingresearcherFritzput61peopleinsmallgroups.Theyallthenexercisedtwice.Onetime,eachgroupworkedoutwhilelisteningtomusicforsixminutes.Anothertime,theyexercisedforsixminutesonspecialJymminmachines.ThenameJymminisabinationof“jamming"and“gym.”Usingthesemachines,eachgroupmademusicastheymoved.Theexercisersbecametheposersandthemachinesbecametheirinstruments.Intheend,53ofthe61peoplesaidthesamething:TheyfeltlesstiredwhentheyexercisedontheJymminmachines.____38____HowdoesFritzexplainthis?MaybepeopledidbetterontheJymminmachinesbecausetheyhadmorecontrol,hesays.Peoplecreatedthebeat.Theycouldmakeitgofasterorslower.Also,theactivitywassocial.Eachgroupwasmakingmusictogetherandhavingfun.FritzbelievesthatJymminexercisemayhaveotheradvantages,too.____39____Forexample,itmaybeevenagoodwaytotreatdepression.A.Expertssaytherearetwomainreasons.B.Thisalsohelpsrelaxourbodyandbrain.C.Musicwithaquickandsteadybeatisgoodforexercising,D.Hewantstofindoutifitcanhelpwithmoreseriousconditions.E.Heexpectstotakeadvantageofittotapintopeople’spotential.F.Anewstudysuggeststhisisonlypartoftheexplanation,however.G.Whentheyexerciseandmakemusicworkingoutseemstobeeasier.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第12題每小題2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在答題卡相應(yīng)題號后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對該問題的回答。RevengeSleepProcrastinationAccordingtothesleepexpertDorothyChambers,“revengesleepprocrastination”referstoaphenomenoninwhichwedelaygoingtosleeptodootherunimportantthingsthatwehaven’thadtimetodointheday,andreflectsaverypoorworkandlifebalance.Theresearcherssurveyed2,012adultsandfoundthatoverthreequartersadmitdoingaformofrevengesleepprocrastination,usingtheirphonesrightupuntilfallingasleep.Thentheresearchersselectedsomesocialmediaappstotesthowseriouslytheyaffectsleepquality.Eachparticipantwasaskedtowearasmartwatchtorecordhowlongittooktofallasleep,andprovidefeedbackonhowtiredtheyfeltthenextmorning.Theresultrevealedthattheaveragetimetakentofallasleepwasover45minutesandanincreasingtirednesswasreportedbyoverhalfoftheparticipants.Itshowedthatrevengesleepprocrastinationimpactedsleepqualityalot,whichcanleadtoadverseimplicationsonphysicalandmentalhealth.Sowhydoesithappen?Accordingtotheresearchers,it’slargelydowntothebluelightemittedfromphonescreens.Itstimulatesthebrainandreducesnaturalmelatonin(褪黑素)production,increasingtiredness,andinturnincreasingtheamountoftimespentfallingasleep.Theresearcherspointedthatsocialmediaappsencouragethereleaseof“pleasurechemicals”,givingusenergyanda“happy”feeling.Thiscouldbewhymanyofuschoosethemasourmeansofrevengesleepprocrastination,eventhoughweknowtheydohavenegativeeffectsonourhealth.Tosolvethisproblem,Dorothyremendedthatweshouldn’tuseanyelectronicsforatleasttwohoursbeforesleepingtoavoidsleepdeprivation.Instead,weshouldtryreadingabookortakingdeepbreaths.40.Whatisrevengesleepprocrastination?41.Whatistheeffectofrevengesleepprocrastination?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Forsomeprocrastinators,theirsleeptroubleresultsfromthebluelight,pleasurechemicalsandtheirunawarenessofthebadeffectsofusingsocialmediaappsbeforebed.43.Ifyoupreferredusingsocialmediaappsbeforebedwhatwouldyoudotofightsuchatypeofsleeprevengeprocrastinationbesidesthepracticementionedinthepassage?(Inabout40words)第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。2022年4月神舟十三號(Shenzhou13mannedspaceship)即將返航，你校電視臺英文頻道向?qū)W生征集以“航天”為主題原創(chuàng)短視頻。你打算邀請留學(xué)生Jim一起完成作品。請你給他寫郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.征集要求；2.作品初步想法；3.詢問意向。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。提示詞：神舟十三號：Shenzhou13mannedspaceship航天：aerospaceDearJim,_______________________________________