形容詞和副詞的比較級最高級公開課獲獎?wù)n件

Lecture9

形容詞和副詞旳比較級和最高級第1頁形容詞比較級和最高級構(gòu)成形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級副詞比較級和最高級形式

形容詞與副詞比較級和最高級基本使用措施

形容詞和副詞比較構(gòu)造

第2頁形容詞比較級和最高級構(gòu)成1.形容詞比較級和最高級構(gòu)成2.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級和最高級形式第3頁形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級基本使用措施原級（positivedegree)比較級(parativedegree)

3.最高級(superlativedegree)第4頁形容詞比較級和最高級構(gòu)成①一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er和–est,例如：strong-stronger-strongest②單音節(jié)詞假如以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r和-st，例如：strange-stranger-strangest③閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一種輔音字母，須先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er和-est例如：sad-sadder-saddest，big-bigger-biggest,hot-hotter-hottest,angry-angrier-angriest,clever-clever-cleverest,narrow-narrower-narrowest,noble-nobler-noblest④少數(shù)以-y,-er（或-ure）,-ow,-ble結(jié)尾雙音節(jié)詞，末尾加-er和–est（以-y結(jié)尾詞，如y前是輔音字母，把y變成I,再加-er和–est，以-e結(jié)尾詞仍加-r和–st）⑤其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most。例如：difficult-moredifficult-mostdifficult第5頁不規(guī)則形容詞比較級和最高級構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest第6頁farther與furtherolder和elder

Whois____,JimorJack?

-Jim.Bytheway,IheardthatJim'sfatherwantstosendhimtotheUSfor____education.

A.older,fartherB.older,further

C.elder,fartherD.elder,further1)用于家人之間表達長幼關(guān)系，通常用elder（在美國英語中也用older）。例：

one'selder[older]brother哥哥theelder[older]daughter大女兒2)elder有時用作轉(zhuǎn)義，指職位、身份較高人。例：

Youareallelderstatesmen.你們都是政治元老/資深政客。第7頁farther與furtherolder和elder3)older專指年齡大小而言，既可用于一種家庭組員之間，又可用于非同一家庭組員之間。例：

MyelderbrotheristwelveyearsolderthanI.我哥哥比我大十二歲。

Mr．Chenisolderthanme.陳先生比我年長。4)older只能用作形容詞，elder既可作形容詞，又可作名詞。例：

Tom,youshouldbehumbleenough.Theyareallourelders.湯姆，你要謙虛些，他們都是我們長輩。5)最終記住，older常與than連用，不過elder決不能和than連用。

正：Heisolderthanme．

誤：Heiselderthanme．第8頁farther與furtherolder和elder2.farther與further：1)兩者均可用來指實際距離，既空間上距離。例：

Wecannotgoanyfarther/furtherwithoutarest.不休息一下話就走不動了。It‘snotsafetogoanyfarther/further.再往遠走，就不安全了。2)further還可用于比方意義上距離或深度，如時間、程度和數(shù)量等，表達“更多，更深入”，是additional另一種說法。例：

Weintendtostayforafurthertwomonths.我們打算再停留兩個月。

Haveyouanyfurtherquestionstoask?你們尚有問題要問嗎？第9頁副詞比較級和最高級變化形式與形容詞基本上同樣。1.一般副詞hard→harder→hardestfast→faster→fastestlate→later→latest early→earlier→earliest2.特殊副詞well→better→best much→more→mostbadly→worse→worst little→less→least3.開放類副詞開放類副詞即后來綴-ly結(jié)尾副詞不能像形容詞那樣加-er或-est，而應(yīng)在副詞原形前加more或most。如：quickly→morequickly→mostquicklyquietly→morequietly→mostquietly副詞比較級和最高級構(gòu)成第10頁形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級基本使用措施——比較級1.比較級1）比較級一般由“形容詞（副詞）比較級+than”構(gòu)成，表達在兩者中間一方比另一方“愈加……”。連詞than后可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動詞、動詞不定式、-ing構(gòu)造和-ed構(gòu)造，有時也可省去than。如：MaryishappierthanJane.瑪麗比珍妮幸福。（形容詞和系動詞用）HelivesmorehappilythanI.他過得比我幸福。（副詞修飾行為詞）2）注意than前后兩項相比較人或事物要一致。如：Thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoreimportantmeaningforthemthanitdidforus.Soundtravelsfasterthroughwaterthanthroughair.第11頁形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級基本使用措施——比較級3）比較級前還可用much,even,still,alittle等詞語來修飾，表達“……得多”，“甚至……”，“更……”，“……某些”等意思。如：JapanisalittlelargerthanGermany.日本比德國大一點兒。用“...times+形容詞比較級+than...”句式表達倍數(shù)；用“表達數(shù)量詞+比較級+than...”來表達詳細比較差異。如：Ourroomistwicelargerthantheirs.我們房間比他們大兩倍。HeisaheadtallerthanI.他比我高一頭。Anewlaptopcostsabout_____ofasecond-handone.(TEM4)A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethantheprice比較級句型：Ais3(4,etc.)timesthesize(height,length,width,etc.)of表達倍數(shù)，意為“A大?。ǜ叨?、長度、寬度）是B三倍（或四倍等）”。4）隱含比較級①有時比較級并不一定出現(xiàn)than，這時通過上下文可暗示出。如：Areyoufeelingbetternow?你目前感覺好些了嗎？第12頁形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級基本使用措施——比較級②有些形容詞在表達比較時候，用“to”而不用“than”。如：priorto較早，較重要superiorto優(yōu)越，高于inferiorto下等，次seniorto年長，地位高juniorto年幼，地位低preferableto更好Thetaskispriortoallothers.這項任務(wù)比其他所有任務(wù)都重要。InmathshefeltsuperiortoJohn.他認為自己數(shù)學(xué)比約翰強。Heistwoyearsseniortome.他比我大兩歲。Healthwithoutrichesispreferabletoricheswithouthealth.貧窮但健康要比富有卻多病更可取。第13頁形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級基本使用措施——最高級2.最高級1）最高級用于三者或三者以上比較，形容詞構(gòu)造形式是“定冠詞＋形容詞最高級＋名詞＋表達范圍短語或從句”（如ofall,ofthethree,intheworld,thathasevertakenplace等）。如：OfallthewritersinEngland,WilliamShakespeareisthemostwidelyknown.不過：Johnisthebrighterofthetwoboys.(比較級前定冠詞the不可?。?）副詞最高級與形容詞最高級辨別在于最高級前沒有定冠詞the。如：Herunsfastestofthethree.三個人中他跑得最快。3）當用介詞短語表明形容詞或副詞最高級比較范圍，作介詞賓語名詞或代詞與句中主語屬同一類人或物，并把主語包括在內(nèi)時，用介詞of；如不屬于同一類人或物，而只闡明在某一時間、空間范圍內(nèi)比較時，用介詞in。第14頁形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級基本使用措施——最高級如：Heisthetallestofthefourboys.（He與boys屬同類）Heisthetallestinourclass.（He與class不屬同類）amostinterestingbook，mostexpensiverestaurants(這兩個most=very)4）可以用原級、比較級、最高級三種形式來表達最高級意思。如：Sheisthebeststudentinherclass.Sheisbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.Nootherstudentinherclassisbetterthanshe.Nootherstudentinherclassisasgoodasshe.第15頁三種形式來表達最高級

Heisthetallestinourclass.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.Nootherstudentinourclassisastallashe.Freedom/Time/Loveisthemostprecious

ofallthethingsintheworld.Freedom/Time/Loveismorepreciousthananyotherthingintheworld.Nothingintheworldisaspreciousasfreedom.Nothingelseintheworldismorepreciousthanfreedom.第16頁三種形式來表達最高級Janeisthecleverestofallthegirlsintheclass.JaneistheclevererthanalltheothergirlsintheclassJaneistheclevererthananyothergirlintheclassNoothergirlntheclassisascleverasJaneChinaisthebiggestofallthecountriesinAsia.TheYangziRiveristhelongestofalltheriversinChina.XiaoListudiesthehardestofallXiaoListudiesharderthananybodyelse.NobodystudiesashardasXiaoLi.NobodyelsestudiesharderthanXiaoLi.第17頁比較構(gòu)造asadj/adv.as

MaryisastallasAlice.HespeaksEnglishasfluentlyashisbrother.notso/asadj/adv.asMaryisnotas/sotallasAlice.Hedoesn’tspeakEnglishasfluentlyashisbrother.第18頁比較構(gòu)造as+many/much+名詞+asThereareasmanystudentsinClassOneasinClassTwo.Wehaveasmuchsnowthisyearaslastyear.notas/so+many/much+名詞+asTherearenotas/somanystudentsinClassOneasinClassTwo.Wehavenotas/somuchsnowthisyearaslastyear.第19頁比較構(gòu)造asadj.+n+asPeterisnotasdiligentastudentasMike.Idon’twanttoattendasdullalectureasthis.Sheisasbrightassheiswitty.(同一種人兩個方面進行比較）她不僅風趣并且聰穎。Thisbookisasinterestingasitisinstructive.(同一種物兩個方面進行比較）這本書不僅有教育意義并且饒有趣味。Sheisnotasbrightassheishardworking.她勤奮但不聰穎。Thisbookisnotasinterestingasitisinstructive.這本書有教育意義但沒有趣味。第20頁比較構(gòu)造more…A(n/adj.)than…B(n/adj)與其說B不如說AJohnismoredaringthanquick-witted.與其說約翰腦子靈活，不如說他膽大。Heismorehonestthansilly.與其說他愚蠢，不如說他誠實。lessAthanB與其說是A不如說是BItisevenmoreapicturethanapoem.這與其說是一首詩，倒不如說是一幅畫。Itislessapicturethanapoem.這與其說是幅畫，倒不如說是首詩。Hewaslesshurtthanfrightened.第21頁比較構(gòu)造morethan=veryA)相稱于程度副詞Iwasmorethanhappytohearofyourmarriage.Theyweremorethanpleasedwithherperformance.B)帶有否認意義ThebeautyoftheWestLakeismorethanIcandescribe.西湖之美簡直難以形容。ThatismorethanIcantell.那我可說不清。第22頁比較構(gòu)造no+比較級+thanJohnisnotbetterthanTom.約翰不比湯姆好。JohnisnobetterthanTom.約翰和湯姆同樣壞。nobetterthan=asbadasnoricherthan=aspoorasnobiggerthan=assmallasnolaterthan=asearlyasMaryisnotallerthanLouis.Theroomisnodarkerthanthatone.第23頁比較構(gòu)造nomore+nthan+n兩者都不是…Awhaleisnomoreafishthanahorseis.鯨和馬同樣不是魚。Abatisnomoreabirdthanafrog.蝙蝠和青蛙同樣不是鳥。Heisnomoreawriterthanapainter.他既不是畫家，也不是作家。Heisnomoreaninventorthananengineer.第24頁比較構(gòu)造nolessadj./n…than…n兩者都是Heisnolessguiltythanhiswife.他和他妻子同樣有罪。Awhaleisnolessamammalthanahorseis.鯨與馬同樣也是哺乳動物。Heisnolesscleverthanhiselderbrother.他聰穎程度不次于他哥哥（或者和他哥哥同樣聰穎）；HestudiesnolesshardthanJohn.他和約翰同樣努力（努力程度不次于約翰）Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.她和她姐姐同樣漂亮

第25頁比較構(gòu)造nomorethan…“僅僅”，“不多于”有“少“含義nolessthan…“不少于”有“多”含義Sheearnednomorethan300dollarsaweek.她每星期只掙得300美元Therentcosthernolessthan500dollarsamonth.她每月所付房租多達500美元。Therewerenomorethan20studentsinthehall.Therewerenolessthan5,500wounded.第26頁比較構(gòu)造notsomuch…as=less…than與其說A不如說B(less…than…)Itwasn’tsomuchthatIdislikedherasthatIjustwasn’tinterested.與其說我不喜歡她,不如說我對她不感愛好。Itwasn’tsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.與其說我喜歡他外表，不如說我喜歡他為人。Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.與其說海洋把世界分開，不如說海洋把世界連接起來。第27頁比較構(gòu)造Thegreatuseofaschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthingsastoteachyoutheartoflearning.評析：這里被比較是兩個不定式：toteachyouthings和toteachyoutheartoflearning.譯文：學(xué)校教育偉大作用不在于教會你多少東西，而在于教會你學(xué)習(xí)技巧。Thegreatthinginthisworldisnotsomuchwherewestandasinwhatdirectionwearemoving.人生意義不在于你目前身在何處，而在于你心向何方。第28頁比較構(gòu)造（just）as…，so…正如……，……也……（用倒裝構(gòu)造）

如：

Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,__theatmosphere.

[A]asitis[B]thesameis[C]sois[D]andsois

第29頁比較構(gòu)造Justasdarkcloudscannotlonghidethesun,sonoliescancoverupthefact.烏云遮不住太陽，謊言掩蓋不了事實。Justasfoodnourishesthebody,sodobooksenrichthemind.食物滋養(yǎng)身體，書本豐富心靈。第30頁比較構(gòu)造Just也可以省去，例如，Asyousow,sowillyoureap/soyouwillreap.種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。Aslandisimprovedbysowingitwithvariousseeds,soisthemindbyexercisingitwithdifferentstudies.土壤因播種不一樣樣種子而改良，智力用各科學(xué)習(xí)來提高。Asitisthemarkofgreatmindstosaymanythingsinafewwords,soitisthemarkoflittlemindstousemanywordstosaynothing.大智者寥寥數(shù)語既能達意，寡智者口若懸河仍言之無物。第31頁比較構(gòu)造Themore…themore…越…越…TheolderIget,thehappierIam.Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.Themoreyouarguewithhim,thelessnoticehetakes.你越跟他辯論，他越是漫不經(jīng)心。天氣越熱，我們越累。Thehottertheweatherwas,themoretiredwewere.計算機越小，價格越貴。Thesmallertheputer,themoreexpensiveitis.第32頁比較構(gòu)造Thesooner,thebetter.Themore,themerrier.moreandmore…越來越……Thepricesaregettinghigherandhigher.ShespeaksEnglishmore&morefluently.Householdelectricappliancesaregettinglessandlessexpensive.家用電器越來越廉價。第33頁Heisnomorethanachild.他不過是個孩子。Hewasregardedasnothingmorethan(=only)anamateur.他僅僅被看作業(yè)余愛好者。第34頁Anyquestions?第35頁Review…more…than..less…than…nomore…than…noless…than..nodarkerthannotsomuch…than第36頁Thankyou!SsofEducationClass:Finishexercise9A、9C&9Batp194-197.SsofG1&G2:FinishExercise25B(p289)、Exercise25F&25G(p293—294)Getreadyfordirectspeechandindirectspeech!

Seeyou!第37頁Exercises1.Directions:Inthisexercise,therearefifteensentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestpletesthesentence.BDD1）E-mailingismuch_____thanlong-distancecalling.A.cheap B.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest2）Thisquestionis_____moredifficultthanthatone.A.ratherB.quite C.very D.alittle3）Yangwonthewomen’500metersinthesportsmeet.Shedid_____ofall.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best4）Amongallofushedidtheexperiment_____.A.morecarefully B.mostcarefullyC.themostcarefully D.morecareful

B第38頁ExercisesDDA5）Wouldyoupleasesayit_____?Istillcan’tfollowyou.A.loudlyB.slowlyC.moreloudly D.moreslowly6）Mum,thisT-shirtismuchtoosmallforme.Wouldyoubuymea_____one?A.niceB.largeC.nicerD.larger7）NowChinahasjoinedtheWTO.SoIthinkEnglishis_____usefulthanbefore.A.moreB.mostC.muchD.many8）Idon’tthinkUnit3ismoredifficult.Ithinkit’s_____.A.moreeasilyB.moreeasierC.mucheasilyD.mucheasier9）Theyoungmandrives_____thanhedidthreemonthsago.A.muchcarefullyB.muchmorecarefulC.muchcarefulD.muchmorecarefully

10）Mikeistheoldestboyandistallerthan_____boysintheclass.A.theotherB.anyC.eachD.allDDA第39頁ExercisesBDB11）Hissisteris_____thanhe.A.youngerfiveyears B.fiveyearsyoungerC.fiveyearyounger D.fiveyoungeryears12）TheUSAisoneof_____countriesintheworld.A.richB.richestC.morerichD.therichest13）Hethinksheissuperior_____hisclassmatesbecausehisfatherisanimportantperson.A.thanB.toC.ofD.with14）Lastyear,Mattearned_____hisbrother,whohasabetterposition.A.twiceasmanyasB.twiceasmuchasC.twicemuchthanD.twiceasmoreas15）TheclimateofJapanismilderthan_____.A.CanadaB.inCanadaC.thatinCanadaD.thatof

CD第40頁

Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyear__thanautomobileaccidents.

[A]sevenmoretimes[B]seventimesmore[C]overseventimes[D]seventimes

第41頁

“Doyouregretpaying__asfivehundreddollarsforthepainting?”“No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaidforit.”[A]twicesomuch[B]twiceasmuch[C]asmuchtwice[D]somuchtwice

第42頁

如:Theirwatchis_toalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.[A]superior[B]advantageous[C]super[D]beneficial

第43頁Theheartis__intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

[A]notso[B]notmuch[C]muchmore[D]nomore第44頁心臟和胃兩者都不具有智力，他們都受大腦控制。答案為D第45頁Exercises2.Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourunderlinedpartswithonepartimproperlyused.Identifythatpartandputitrightinaproperform.1）Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremuchlikelytosucceedinABtheirstudiesthanarethosewithlittleambition.CD2）AgreatmanyteachersfirmlybelievethatEnglishisoneoftheABmostpoortaughtsubjectsinhighschoolsatpresent.CD3）John’chanceofbeingelectedchairmanofthemitteeisfarABCgreaterthanMike.DB

aremorelikely

C

mostpoorlytaught

DMike’s

第46頁Exercises4）MyknowledgeofEnglishliteratureismoreinferior

to

hers.ABCD5）Thehardershetried,themorebadlyshedancedbeforesuch

a

ABC

largeaudience.

D6）Thepopulation

ofChinaislargerthananyothercountryintheworld.ABCD7）Thatproductthatwesellataslightlyhigherpriceisthemore

AB

preferableto

theoneofalowerprice.CDB

inferior

B

theworse

D

thatofanycountryB

cancel“themore”

第47頁Exercises8）Hetookdownthe

largestofthetwodictionariesandbeganto