人教版初三(上)英語(yǔ)第11講：UNIT-6-詞匯篇(學(xué)生版)

Module6詞匯篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟練掌握本模塊基礎(chǔ)的單詞，短語(yǔ)，句子。

ItissaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongfirstdiscoveredteaasadrink.

據(jù)說(shuō)一個(gè)叫做神農(nóng)的中國(guó)統(tǒng)治者首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶作為一種飲料。

·

基本用法

本句中包括兩個(gè)非常重要的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.Itis+過(guò)去分詞+that，常用到的動(dòng)詞有：say,report,believe,think等。

Itissaid/believed/reported/thought/hopedthat...據(jù)說(shuō)/認(rèn)為/報(bào)道

本句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。

ItisbelievedthatteawasbroughttoKoreaandJapanduringthe6thand7thcenturies.

人們認(rèn)為茶是在6、7世紀(jì)被帶到韓國(guó)和日本的。

2.calledShenNong做aChineseruler的后置定語(yǔ)，翻譯成：一個(gè)名叫做神農(nóng)的中國(guó)統(tǒng)治者。

初中?？嫉倪€有named也可以做后置定語(yǔ)。如：

aboynamedTom

一個(gè)名叫湯姆的男孩

BasketballwasinventedbyaCanadiandoctornamedJamesNaismith,whowasbornin1861.

籃球是由一位名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的加拿大博士發(fā)明的，他出生于1861年。

建議：搜索called/named做后置定語(yǔ)的題目時(shí)，選擇知識(shí)點(diǎn)為：done做定語(yǔ)，同時(shí)在關(guān)鍵詞中輸入：

call或name。

InEngland,teadidn'tappearuntilaround1660,butlessthan100yearslater,

it

hadbecomethenationaldrink.

在英格蘭，茶大約在1660年才出現(xiàn)，但是不到100年后，它就已經(jīng)成為了國(guó)際性的

飲料。

·

基本用法

本句中包含了兩個(gè)比較重要的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.not...until

直到...才

Shedidn'tgotobeduntilhermumcameback.

直到她媽媽回來(lái)，她才去睡覺(jué)。

2....ithadbecomethenationaldrink的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：had+過(guò)去分詞，

過(guò)去完成時(shí)的含義：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即”過(guò)去的過(guò)去?！?/p>

Bythetimehewas14,Mozarthadcomposedmanypiecesfortheharpsichord,pianoandviolin,

aswellasfororchestras.

到14歲的時(shí)候，莫扎特已經(jīng)為管弦樂(lè)和大鍵琴、鋼琴、小提琴作了許多樂(lè)曲。

InChina,youcansometimesseepeopleplayingbasketballinparks,schoolsand

eveninfactories.

在中國(guó)，你能看見(jiàn)人們有時(shí)候在公園、學(xué)校，甚至是工廠里打籃球。

·

基本用法

本句中，包含seesbdoing的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事”。

1.seesb.doingsth.看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事。

WhenIpassthewindowIseehimdrawingapicture.

當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)窗口時(shí)，看到他正在畫(huà)畫(huà)。

2.除此以外，還有seesb.dosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“看見(jiàn)某人做過(guò)某事”

Ioftenseehimdrawapicture.

我經(jīng)常看到他畫(huà)畫(huà)。

Whenhewasatcollege,histeacheraskedtheclasstothinkofagamethatcanbe

playedinthewinter.

當(dāng)他在大學(xué)的時(shí)候，他的老師讓同學(xué)們想出一個(gè)可以在冬天玩的游戲。

·

基本用法

1.這句話中包含“asksb.todosth.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“讓某人做某事”。

類似的接雙賓語(yǔ)的詞還有：want/tell/allow/permit/force/forbid/encourage/persuadesb.todosth.

意思是：

想/告訴/允許/強(qiáng)迫/禁止/鼓勵(lì)/勸阻某人做某事等。

Shewantedhimtosingforherfriends．

她想讓他為她的朋友唱歌。

Thepolicemantoldtheboysnottoplayinthestreet．

警察告訴孩子們別在街上玩耍。

MymotherallowstowatchTVonlyafterIhavefinishedmyhomework.

我媽媽允許我完成作業(yè)后看電視。

2.句中“thatcanbeplayedinthewinter”是定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞agame.關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。

Do

you

know

the

gentleman

thatspoke

just

now？

你知道剛才發(fā)言的男士嗎？

Playersonthesameteammustworktogethertohelpeachothergettheballinthe

otherteam'sbasket.

在同一個(gè)隊(duì)的選手們必須一起努力來(lái)幫助彼此把球投到另一個(gè)隊(duì)的籃筐里。

·

基本用法

本句中包含的主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)有：

1.介詞短語(yǔ)onthesameteam做players的后置定語(yǔ)，翻譯成在同一個(gè)隊(duì)伍里的選手們

TheboyinblueisTom.

穿藍(lán)色衣服的男孩是湯姆。

2.不定式“tohelpeachothergettheball”作目的狀語(yǔ)，

Iwenttheretoseemyuncle.

我去那兒想看望我的叔叔。

3.“helpeachothergettheball..."采用了”helpsb.(to)dosth.“的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：幫助某人做某事。

Theytrytohelpme(to)passtheexamination.

他們盡力幫助我通過(guò)考試。

Basketballhasnotonlybecomeapopularsporttoplay,ithasalsobecomeamore

popularsporttowatch.

籃球不僅成為一種人們喜歡從事的體育活動(dòng)，而且更成為受人們喜愛(ài)觀看的一種體育

運(yùn)動(dòng)。

·

基本用法

本句中采用了”notonly...butalso"的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：“

不僅...而且...”，用于連接兩個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的成分，

著重強(qiáng)調(diào)后者，其中also有時(shí)可以省略。

1.連接主語(yǔ)：

NotonlyIbutalsoTomandMaryarefondofwatchingtelevision.

不僅我，而且湯姆和瑪麗都喜歡看電視。

2.連接謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberof

socialcustoms.

英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人不但語(yǔ)言相同，而且有很多相同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。

3.連接賓語(yǔ)：

Dannyisgoodatnotonly

musicbutalso

art.

丹尼不僅擅長(zhǎng)音樂(lè)，還擅長(zhǎng)美術(shù)。

4.連接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

Lightandbrightcolorsmakepeoplenotonlyhappierbutmoreactive.

淺色和鮮艷的顏色不但使人看了高興，也會(huì)使人更加活潑。

5．連接表語(yǔ)：

Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbut(also)anactor.

莎士比亞不僅是一位劇作家，而且是一位演員。

6．連接狀語(yǔ)：

ShecanspeakEnglishnotonlycorrectlybutalsoclearly.

她說(shuō)英語(yǔ)不僅正確無(wú)誤，還很清晰。

7.連接定語(yǔ)：

Manhasbecomemasternotonlyoftheskybutalsoofthespace.

人類不但征服了天空，而且征服了太空。

It’sdifficulttobeafamousbasketballplayerbecause….

很難成為一個(gè)著名的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，因?yàn)?/p>

·

基本用法

這句話的句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj+(forsb)todosth.意為“做某事（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)）……”。如：

Itispossibleforhimtowinthegame.

對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)贏得比賽是有可能的。

Itisinterestingforthestudentstoorganizetheartfestivalbythemselves.

學(xué)生們自己組織藝術(shù)節(jié)對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是很有趣的。Sunglassesareused

protectingeyes.

A.from

B.for

C.to

D.with2.HetookmyEnglish-Chinesedictionary_____mistake.

A.to

B.by

C.about

D.on3.—HaveyouseenthefilmcominghomedirectedbyZhangYimou?—Notyet.I’m______seeingit.It’ssaidthefilmisgreat!lookingdownon B.lookingoutforC.lookingupto D.lookingforwardto4.Theymeteachother___________and___________twomonthslater.

A.byaccident,getmarried

B.byaccident,gotmarried

C.inaccident,wasmarried

D.inanaccident,married

with5.The18thJiangsuProvincialGameswillinSeptember.Manystudentswanttobevolunteers.A.takeplace B.takepartC.takesaction D.takecare基礎(chǔ)演練根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成單詞.TheRussianswerethe________(先驅(qū))ofspacetravel.2.Musiccanoffer________(愉快)tous,somanypeoplelikelisteningtoit.3.Wehavepencilboxesinallkindsof________(款式).4.WhenIcalledMike,hewas________(列出)thethingshewantedtobuy.5.Doyouknowwhentheywillstartthe________(項(xiàng)目)?

6.Idon’tliketoeatorangesbecausetheyaretoos.7.Therearen’tmanycintherestaurantbecauseofthebadweather.8.Therewasonlyoneapple,somumditintotwohalvesandgivethemtous.9.ManyOlympicchampionsareregardedashinourcountry.10.It’shardtobecomeapbasketballplayer.Youhavetoworkhard.鞏固提高二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子。1.茶是偶然被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。Teawasdiscovered___________..2.根據(jù)這篇報(bào)道,我們可以了解很多學(xué)生沒(méi)有充足的睡眠。Wecanknowmanystudentsdon’thaveenoughsleepthereport.3.昨天一個(gè)小孩掉進(jìn)井里被困了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。Achildthewellandtherefortwohours.4.據(jù)說(shuō)那位老人是一名著名的科學(xué)家。theoldmanisafamousscientist.5.那輛小汽車突然撞上了一棵大樹(shù),幸運(yùn)的是,司機(jī)受傷并不嚴(yán)重。Thecarhitabigtree.Luckily,thedriverwasn’thurtbadly.三.選擇方框內(nèi)合適的詞填空。crispy,basket,popularity,salty,enjoyed1.Theofcomputerhasrisenaroundtheworldatthemoment.2.Mygrandmotherusedtotakeatogoshopping,butnowsheusesplasticbags.3.—Whydoyoulikecookies?—Becausetheyare.Ping-pongisbymostChinese,especiallychildrenandstudents.Thedishtastesterriblebecauseit’stoo.一．單項(xiàng)選擇。(

)1.Stampsare__________letters.usedtosending

B.usedtoas

C.usedforsending

D.beenusedtosending(

)2.Itookthewrongtrain____________.Ididn’tevenknowituntilhalfanhourlater.bymistakes

B.bymistake

C.inmistake

D.withmistake(

)3.Edison______thelightbulbandColumbus___________America.discovered,discovered

B.invented,discovered

C.invented,invented

D.discovered,invented(

)4.______iswaitingforyouatthegate.Hewantstosaythankstoyou.Somebody

B.Anybody

C.Everybody

D.Nobody(

)5.TheOlympicgamesof2016will_________inBrazil.betakenplace

B.takeoff

C.takeplace

D.betakenoff(

)9.Sokindofyoutogivemearidetothestation!

__________________.Itdoesn’tmatter

B.Nevermind

C.Don’tmentionit

D.Mypleasure(

)10.Idon’tlikethiskindofpotatochipsbecausetheyarenot_________.crispy

B.sweet

C.soft

D.sour(

)11.Thewaterintheriverhas_________alotbecauseoftheheavyrain.A.risen

B.raised

C.put

D.gone(

)12.Atrafficaccidenthappenedatthestreetcorner.Acar____________amotorbike.A.cameupwith

B.fellinto

C.wentalongwith

D.knockedinto(

)13.__________,youcanworkouttheproblemeasily.

Iunderstand.Thankyou.Ontheway

B.Inthisway

C.Bytheway

D.Inaway二.完形填空。先通讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇可以填入空白處的最佳答案。Theinventionofthecameragoesfarintothepast.Inthe1500s,menwereexperimentingwithcamerasthatmadeimages(圖像).Butitwasnot1theearly1800sthatmanfoundawaytomakethepicturespermanent（永久的).Eventhen,photographywasanewfield.Mostfamilieshadtheirpictures2byphotographers.Peopledidnotowncamerasbecausetakingpicturesanddevelopingthefilms(沖洗膠卷)weretoodifficult.In1884,GeorgeEastmanchangedphotography3inventingakindoffilmthatcouldfitintoasmallcamera.Becausethenewfilmwas4touse,manypeoplebegantobuycameras.Whentheyhad5theirfilms,peoplereturnedtheircamerastothefactory.There,thefilmsweredeveloped,andpictureswere6.Thenmorefilmswereputintothecameras,whichweresentbacktotheowners,alongwiththeirpictures.Today'scamerasare7easiertouse,andpeopledon'tneedfilmsanymore.Photographyhasbecomeagrowinghobby.Therearealsomanynewjobsinthefieldofphotography.Oneofthemostimportantkindsofworkisinnewsreporting.Newspapers,magazines,andtelevisionsallneed8totelltheirstories.Photographershelp9bytakingpicturesthroughmicroscopesandtelescopes.Deep-seadiverstakepicturesofoceanplantsandanimals,whileastronautstaketheircamerasinto10.Manfindsnewusesforthecameraeveryday.l.A.before B.until C.when D.while62.A.taken B.take C.taking D.took3.A.with B.in C.for D.by4.A.easy B.important C.impossible D.hard5.A.usedfor B.usedby C.usedto D.usedup6.A.printed B.taken C.drawn D.bought7.A.more B.very C.quite D.much8.A.robots B.talks C.pictures D.radios9.A.teachers B.scientistsC.workers D.students10.A.earth B.land C.space D.sea__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從方框內(nèi)選擇合適的句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。（有兩項(xiàng)多余）M:Doyouknowwhothecompass(指南針)wasinventedby?W:Ofcourse.(1)It’soneofthefourgreatinventionsofancientChina.Theyhavechangedtheworldgreatly.M:(2)Andwhenwasitfirstinvented?W:(3)ButIknowtherewererecordsoftheSouth-pointingFish(指南魚(yú))intheSongDynasty.M:Exactly.Peopleinthe10thcenturybegantousetheSouth-pointingFish.W:(4)M:Itwassimple.Whenthefishwasputintothewater,itsheadwouldpointtothesouth.W:Itwasn’tthefirstrecordedcompass,wasit?M:(5)IntheWarringStatesPeriod(戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期),Sinan(司南)waswidelyusedbypeople.W:Sothehistoryofthecompassgoesbacktoover2,000yearsago?M:That’strue.A.No,ofcoursenot.B.HowwasSinaninventedthen?C.Howdiditwork?D.TheSouth-pointingFishwasinventedbyaccident,right?E.Iamnotsure.F.ItwasinventedbytheChinese.G.You’vegotapoint.二．閱讀理解。AThomasEdisonlituptheworldwithhisinventionoftheelectriclight.Withouthim,theworldmightstillbeinthedark.However,theelectriclightwasnothisonlyinvention.Healsoinventedthemotionpicturecameraand1200otherthings.Abouteverytwoweekshecreatedsomethingnew.

ThomasEdisonwasbornin1847.Heattendedschoolforonlythreemonths.Hismothertaughthimathome,butThomaswasmostlyself-educated.Hestartedexperimentingatayoungage.

Whenhewas12yearsold,hegothisfirstjob.Hebecameanewsboyonatrain.Hedidexperimentsonthetraininhissparetime.Unluckily,hisfirstworkexperiencedidnotendwell.Theyfiredhimwhenheaccidentallysetfiretothefloorofthetrain.ThenEdisonworkedforfiveyearsasatelegraphoperator,buthecontinuedtospendmuchofhistimeinexperimentinghisfirstpatent(專利權(quán))in1868foravoterecorderrunbyelectricity.

ThomasEdisonwastotallydeafinoneearandhardofhearingintheother,buthethoughtofhisdeafnessasablessinginmanyways.Itkeptconversationsshort,sothathecouldhavemoretimeforwork.Healwaysworked16outofevery24hours.

Sometimeshiswifehadtoremindhimtosleepandeat.

ThomasEdisondiedattheageof84.Heleftagreatmanyinventionsthatgreatlyimprovedthequalityoflifeallovertheworld.(

)1.HowoftendidEdisonmakeanewinvention?A.Abouteveryfourteendays

B.Abouteverysevendays

C.Aboutonceaweek

D.Abouttwiceaweek(

)2.Theunderlinedword“fired”inthepassagemeans“__________”Gavesomebodyajob

B.Setfiretosomebody

C.Letsomebodydown

D.Forcedsomebodytoleavehisjob(

)3.Edisonconsideredhisdeafnessas______A.somethingbad

B.agiftfromgod

C.akindofability

D.adisadvantage(

)4.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Edisonhadonly8hoursresteachdayafterhisdeafnessB.Edisongothiseducationmostlybyself-teachingC.Edisonhadhisfirstjobin1869D.Edison’sinventionsgreatlyimprovedthequalityofpeople’slife(

)5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Thefunctionoftheelectriclight

B.EdisonandhisexperimentsC.Theimportanceofinventions

D.ThewholelifeofEdison.BTheInternetjoinsmillionsofcomputersallovertheworld,andtodayitisusedbypeopleallovertheworld.Itwasinventedinthe1960sintheUSA.TheAmericangovernmentneededanetworkofcomputersforitsarmy.Theninthe1970sscientistsandbusinesspeoplealsowantedtousetheInternettosendandreceivemessages.Forsomeyears,theyweren'tallowedtousetheUSnetwork,andwhentheywereallowedto,themessageswereinverysimpletextwithoutphotos.TheWorldWideWebwasinventedbyaBritishscientistnamedTimBerners-Leein1989.Hewantedtosenddocumentstootherscientists,sohedevelopedtheWorldWideWeb.Thisallowedhimtosendandreceivescientificdocumentswithtext,drawingsandphotos(alsocalledmultimediadocuments).Inthe1990s,moreandmorepeoplebegantousetheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb.Sowhat'sthedifferencebetweentheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb?TheInternetisthehardware.Itallowsustocommunicatewithotherpeople.TheWorldWideWebisthesoftware.Itallowsustocreate,seeandreadmultimediadocuments.TheWebismadeupofmillionsofdocumentscalledWebpages.Thesepagesareheldincomputersallovertheworld.ManypeoplehaveafavoritewebsitewithanumberofWebpagesonthesamesubject.Theemailisawayofusingyourcomputertosendandreceivemessages.It'scheaperandquickertouseemailsthansendnormalmails.Newuserscallthenormalmail"snailmail"becauseit'stooslow.Ittook50yearsfor100millionpeopletolistentotheradio.Ittook15yearsforl00millionpeopletowatchtelevision.Bytheyear2000,ithadtakenonlyaboutthreeyearsfor100millionpeopletousetheInternet.WhatwillhappennextontheInternet?l.TheInternetwasfirstinventedfor_________.A.scientificwork B.AmericanarmyC.businesspeople D.Americangovernment2.TheWorldWideWebwasinventedto_________.A.communicatewithothersB.create,seeandreaddocumentsC.sendandreceivescientificdocumentsD.sendandreceivesimpletextwithoutphotos3.TheInternetandtheWorldWideWebbegantobewidelyused_________.A.inthe1970s B.inthe1990sC.inthelateof1980s D.bytheyear20004.Thewriterwrotethelastparagraphtoshowthat_________.A.theInternethasagreaterinfluencethanradioandTVB.radioandTVwillbereplacedbycomputersC.theuseoftheInternetspreadsveryquicklyD.peoplespendmuchmoretimeontheInternet5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe"_________".A.TheEffectoftheGreatestInventionB.TheDevelopmentoftheInternetC.TheMovementofNewTechnologyD.TheHistoryoftheWorldWideWeb(2014年人教版初三期中測(cè)試題）CThedesigneroftheAppleComputer,StevenJobs,wasnotquitesuccessfulinhisearlyyears.Hewasnotamongthebeststudentsatschool,